Kowane lambu yana so ya girma baƙon abu, kyakkyawa, kuma a lokaci guda 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano a kan makircinsa. Tumatir kayan lambu ne gama gari kuma ana samun sa a kusan duk gidaje. Ofaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwan kiwo shine Chocolate tumatir iri-iri. Abu na gaba, zamuyi ƙoƙarin gano yadda ake shuka tumatir wannan nau'in a cikin gonar mu, sannan kuma muyi la'akari da cikakken kwatancen da kwatancen.
Bayani da halayen tumatir cakulan
Wannan al'adar ta shayar da makiyaya ne a cikin karni na 21. 'Ya'yan itacen suna banbanta da launi mai ban mamaki, da kuma babban dandano.
Bayanin daji:
- Matsakaici a cikin girma, isa tsawo 120-150cm.
- Tsarin tushe: mai ƙarfi tare da rassan kwance.
- Masu tushe suna da ƙarfi kuma suna buƙatar garter don yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Bar: kore, matsakaici a cikin girma.
- Inflorescences: matsakaiciyar nau'in.
Kimanin fruitsa fruitsan 5a 5a 5 aka kirkira akan tari guda.
Bayanin 'ya'yan itatuwa:
- 'ya'yan itatuwa zagaye ne, an dan daidaita su;
- matsakaicin nauyi 200-400 gram;
- launin tumatir: red-brown cakulan;
- ɓangaren litattafan almara: jiki, m.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba an yi niyya don ajiyar lokaci ba kuma a dafa abinci, ana amfani dasu a cikin salads, a biredi, kayan ciye-ciye na kayan lambu, da kuma gwangwani.
Ta hanyar nau'in ci gaba, wannan matasan al'adun gargajiya ne marasa daidaito. Wannan tsaka-tsakin yanayi ne kuma girbin farko ya girbe cikin kimanin watanni 3. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace kaka shine 10-15 kg / m2.
Tumatir na wannan nau'in za'a iya girma duka a cikin greenhouses da kuma a cikin bude yankunan.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Babban banbanci tsakanin blacka -an itace blacka blackan itace da sauran tumatir shine dandanon su. Chocolate baiwa babban abun ciki na sukari kuma saboda rabo na musamman na jerin sukari-acid yana da dandano mai daɗi.
Babban fa'idodin ƙananan iri-iri:
- Noma mara kyau.
- Sauƙi na namo.
- Bushes na matsakaici size.
- Juriyar cuta.
- Babban dandano.
- Nau'in 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa.
Wannan nau'ikan bashi da wata matsala musamman, babban shine rashin yiwuwar ajiyar 'ya'yan itatuwa na dogon lokaci.
Shuka dokoki
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, tumatir na ire-iren waɗannan nau'ikan ana iya girma a cikin yanayin greenhouse da kuma kan buɗe ƙasa.
Yaushe za a yi shuka
Ya kamata a shuka tsaba kamar Watanni 2 kafin dasa shuki... Kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse kwanaki 10 da suka gabata.
Lokacin kirga lokacin shuka tumatir, ya zama dole ayi nazarin hasashen yanayi don shuka ba ta rage gudu cikin girma kuma ta ba da wadataccen girbi.
Muna shirya tsaba da ƙasa
Saboda gaskiyar cewa Cakulan wani nau'ine ne na matasan, itsa .an shi babu buƙatar disinfect, jiƙa ko taurare.
Na farko, ana shuka su a cikin kwantena masu zurfi da girma, waɗanda a baya suka cika da cakuda ƙasa. Za'a iya sayan ƙarshen a ɗakunan ajiya ko shirya da kanka.
Don shirya cakuda na ƙasa:
- Mix a daidai adadin peat, humus, da kuma ciyawa;
- 1ara 1 tbsp a guga na cakuda sakamakon. cokali na ash;
- kara cokali 1 na sinadarin potassium da takinforfa.
Abincin da ya haifar dole ne a kashe shi. Don yin wannan, ana calcined a zafin jiki na digiri 200 a cikin tanda na mintina da yawa. Bugu da kari, don disinfection, ana iya shayar da kasar gona tare da maganin sinadarin potassium.
Yadda ake shuka
Kai tsaye a ranar shuka, an shimfiɗa cakuda na ƙasa a cikin kwantena, yana yin baƙin ciki mai zurfi. Tazarar tsakanin tsaka-tsakin yatsu biyu ne. Ana jefa tsaba a cikin waɗannan ramuka sannan suyi bacci.
Kulawa da shuka
Dole ne a ajiye tsaba a cikin kwantena a cikin wuri mai haske sosai tare da yawan zafin jiki na iska + 18 +25 digiri.
Yakamata a sanya abun cikin danshi na cakuda kowace rana kuma, idan ya cancanta, a fesa shi.
Lokacin da tsiro suka bayyana a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, dole ne a kwashe kwantenan a waje. A ranar farko, fitar da shi na tsawan minti 5, sannan a kowace rana kara lokacin da shukokin suka kasance a cikin iska mai kyau da mintina 5.
Ari da, tumatir tsiro bukatar ciyarwa... Kuna iya ciyar da shukar sau ɗaya kowane sati 2.
Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10, ganye 2 sun bayyana a kan harbe-harben. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne a ciyar karba kuma dasa shukokin daga babban kwantena zuwa kananan kwantena. Waɗannan na iya zama tukwane ko kofunan filastik. An dasa shukoki da kyau, tare da ƙasa.
Dasawa
Bayan 'yan makonni, goge fure suna bayyana a kan shukokin, kuma lokaci ya yi da za a dasa su a wuraren budewa. Don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa, ya kamata a dasa wannan amfanin gona zuwa cikin ƙasa mai haske tare da yanayin tsaka-tsakin acid-alkaline.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa kafin dasa shuki:
- Loossening kasar gona zuwa tsawo na shebur.
- Rufe wurin da za'ayi saukarwa da baƙin fim don ɗumi ƙasa har zuwa + digiri 15.
- Aiwatar da taki a cikin nauyin kilogiram 3 a kowace murabba'in mita.
Seedlings na tumatir a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ana shuka su kusan a karshen watan Mayu... Yawancin lokaci ana shuka bishiyoyi 3 a kowace murabba'in mita.
Yakamata a dasa tsirrai a cikin kwanciyar hankali, ba iska ko rana ba.
Iri-iri kulawa bayan dasa
Bayan dasa shuki, tumatir na Chocolate ba bu sharadin kulawa. Babban kulawa ya ƙunshi shayarwa, ciyarwa, ciyawa, garter.
Don tattara manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa, kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan samuwar daji: ƙulla shi a kan lokaci, kuma cire kwayayen da ba dole ba.
Shayarwa
Wannan al'ada ba ta da kyau a kulawa, amma yana buƙatar shayarwar lokaci-lokaci. Kasar gona kada ya bushe... A cikin makon farko, ana shuka tsire-tsire kuma a wannan lokacin bai kamata a shayar da shukar ba.
Wajibi ne don shayar da shuka tsakanin layuka ko ƙarƙashin tushen... Zai fi kyau a sha ruwa da sanyin safiya ko yamma. Ruwan ash ya dace da aikin.
Top miya
An ba da shawarar shuka don ciyarwa sau uku a kowane yanayi... Zaku iya shafa kayan miya na sama duk bayan sati biyu har sai 'ya'yan sun nuna. Duk takin mai magani mai ƙarancin nitrate sun dace da ciyarwa.
Busananan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar girma da haɓaka magnesium, kuma yayin lokacin fure, dazuzzuka suna bukatar boron... Tare da ƙarancin alli, ya zama dole a ƙara shirye-shiryen da ke ƙunshe da wannan ɓangaren.
Lokacin ƙara takin mai ma'adinai, dole ne a yi la'akari da abubuwan agrochemical na ƙasa. Ana fara ciyarwa a rana ta 10 bayan dasa shukokin. Ana ba da shawarar ciyar da tumatir a karo na biyu a ranar 20.
Gulma
Yakamata a yashe gadajen tumatir a kai a kai kuma ya kamata a kwance ƙasa don samun wadataccen girbi. Ya kamata a sarrafa ciyawa sosai yayin da suke ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki da danshi da haifar da inuwa.
Garter bushes
Dole ne a ɗaura bishiyar tumatir don kar su fasa daga nauyinsu. Domin dazuzzuka su sami tushe ga garter, ana amfani da turaku, tsayin m 1.2-1.5. nan da nan filin sauka.
Ana tura turaku a cikin ƙasa a gefen arewa na shuka. An sanya huɗu na 10 cm daga tushe.
Bugu da kari, wajibi ne a aiwatar da shi tsunkulewata cire ciyawar gefen da ba dole ba. Ana ba da shawarar yin hakan da safe.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Tumatir iri-iri Cakulan yana da halin kariya mai kyau. Koyaya, babu buƙatar shakatawa kuma ba aiwatar da rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka ba, tunda har yanzu akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta.
Basic shawarwari don hana kamuwa da cuta:
- ƙari ga ƙasa toka ko cin kashi;
- canzawa yau da kullum na feshi da ganye tare da tokar toka, ingantaccen bayani na sinadarin potassium, jan karfe sulfate da sauran kayan gwari marasa amfani
Kuma kuma tare da taimakon kwari masu kula da kwari ya kamata a magance su: aphids, ticks da cicadas.
Nazarin masu noman kayan lambu game da tumatir cakulan
Bayani game da tumatir na wannan nau'ikan galibi tabbatacce ne. Kowa ya yaba da ɗanɗano mai ban sha'awa na 'ya'yan itacen da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Valentina, Tatarstan
Ta shuka tumatir a cikin fili. Kamar ban mamaki iri-iri. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari m, mai dadi, mai nama... Ya tara amfanin gona matsakaici.
Alexander, Omsk
Ya shuka tumatir a cikin wani greenhouse. Na sami tsaba ta mu'ujiza kwatsam. A wannan lokacin, Na riga na sake shuka wani tumatir. Tattara girbi sosai kuma mai wadatar duk iri da aka shuka. Yi sakamako ga kowa. Zan shuka wannan nau'ikan koyaushe.
Tatiana, Gornozavodsk a cikin yankin Perm
Ta shuka tumatir a waje. Kaico, masanan basu ji dadin wannan iri-iri. Yawan amfanin ƙasa maki 4 ne daga 5. Amma dangane da dandano, thea fruitsan sun kasance m, ruwa da kuma cikakken m... Bangaren 'ya'yan itacen da ke kusa da sandar ya kasance kore. Koyaya, shekara mai zuwa zan sake gwada shuka tumatirin Chocolate.
Marina, Kiev
Ta shuka tumatir a cikin fili. Na gamsu. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da daɗi kuma suna da daɗi. Cikakke don sabo amfani. Har da anyi juice da adjika.
Nadezhda, Saint Petersburg
Girma itacen cakulan a cikin wani greenhouse. Saboda yanayin ruwa, 'ya'yan itacen sun kasance m, ruwa... Ba a lura da launin toka da launin toka ba. Na tattara tsaba ne saboda wadanda aka siyo a shagon basu tsiro da kyau ba. Zanyi kokarin dasa kaka mai zuwa.
Cakulan Tumatir iri-iri ne iri-iri. Ba a yi nufin adana shi na dogon lokaci ba. Bugu da kari, kada a bar 'ya'yan itacen kore su girma. Koyaya, duk da wannan, wannan nau'in ba shi da buƙatar kulawa kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai kyau. Dangane da dukkan shawarwari, wannan nau'ikan zai faranta maka rai tare da wadataccen girbi.