Kabeji Golden Hectar yana rayayye girma a cikin Ukraine da Moldova. Kowace shekara nau'ikan iri-iri suna zama sananne tare da masu lambun Rasha saboda halayenta. Ya zama gama gari don yiwuwar samun farkon girbi mai ƙayatarwa da kyakkyawan dandano.
Halaye da cikakken bayanin nau'ikan
Kabejin Zinariya na Hectar na farkon nau'ikan girma ne. Daga lokacin da ƙwayar shukar ta fara zuwa balagar fasaha ta ofa fruitan, ba a wuce kwanaki 110 ba. Ana horar da nau'ikan ta hanyar shuka iri a cikin kwantena daban ko kuma ɗakunan zafi da kuma gidajen haya. Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa bayan kwana 50 bayan germination.
An bambanta ire-iren ta kyakkyawar ƙwayar germination. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙaramar rosette karami. Ganye karami ne, zagaye. Yaran shuke-shuke suna da launin koren haske, akwai ɗan ƙaramin kakin zuma. Cikakke shugabannin kabeji suna da siffar zagaye, santsi. Valueimar tana matsakaici. Yawan yana da yawa. Nauyin ya bambanta daga 1.5 zuwa 3 kg. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa.
Amfanin kayayyaki tare da ingantaccen fasahar noma ya kai 90%. Har zuwa 8.5 kilogiram na yawan amfanin ƙasa an samo daga mita ɗaya murabba'i, daga kadada 1 zuwa tsakiya 850.
A iri-iri yana da kyau kwarai dandano. An dace sosai don sabon amfani, a cikin salads, don tsami. Da za a hawa.
Fa'idodi da rashin faɗin kadada na zinare
Ga bayanin amfanin kabejin hekta ta zinariya wacce take yaduwa sosai:
- babban aiki;
- juriya ga cututtuka da kwari;
- a baya da kuma m balaga;
- babban dandano;
- babban abun ciki na abubuwan micro da macro.
Kabeji na Hectar na Zinariya ya ƙunshi mai yawa na potassium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iodine, amino acid, bitamin na rukunin B, A, PP, K. Ganyen na dauke da sinadarin bitamin C, wanda ke sa cin shi lafiyayye.
Daga cikin rashin fa'idodi iri-iri, ba a lura da kyawawan alamomi na kiyaye inganci, da kuma wasu lamuran kasa. Tare da rashin daidaituwa gabaɗaya, nau'ikan suna haifar da mummunan yanayi zuwa ƙasa mai guba da rashin haihuwa.
Fasali na germination na seedlings
Kabeji Golden hectare na farkon iri ne. An bred ta hanyar seedling hanya. 'Ya'yan kabeji suna girma sosai a yanayin zafi ƙarancin zafi. Yanayin mafi kyau duka don tsire-tsire masu girma shine + digiri 18.
Ana shuka tsaba a farkon rabin Maris. Don shukar shuki, yi amfani da tukunyar peat ko kwantena na musamman. Isasa ta dace da shirye-da aka yi don kabeji ko dafa da kanka. Dole ne a fara kula dashi ta hanyar maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Ana tsaba tsaba a cikin maganin manganese kafin a dasa. Wannan yana kara tsirowa tare da rage barazanar kamuwa da cuta. Har sai farkon harbe-harbe sun bayyana, ana ajiye tsaba a ƙarƙashin fim a zazzabin + 20 digiri. Bayan harbe-harbe na farko, an cire fim ɗin, kuma an rage zafin jiki zuwa +10 digiri. Mako guda baya, an sake sanya shuke-shuke matasa cikin dumi, suna ƙoƙarin tsayayya da zafin rana na + digiri 17, na dare +9.
Tsirrai masu tsire-tsire a matakin manya-manyan ganye. Nan da nan bayan dasawa, ana dasa tsire-tsire da dumi, a hankali a hankali ana sake rage zafin dare da rana. Wani yanayi yana baka damar shuka tsire-tsire masu sanyi-mai ƙarfi.
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire a matakai 3.
- mataki. Ana ciyar da abinci na farko kwanaki 10 bayan nutsewar shuke-shuke. Ana amfani da potash da superphosphate mafita.
- mataki. Ana sake ciyarwar kwanaki 10 bayan hawan farko. Ana amfani da ammonium nitrate
- mataki. Abinci na uku ya zama dole kwanaki 10 kafin dasa shuki a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Ana amfani da cakuda potash, ammonia da takin mai magani superphosphate.
Shirye-shiryen Site don kiwo
Nau'in Hectar na Zinariya yana da nau'ikan kabeji marasa ma'ana. Ba ya buƙatar shiri na ƙasa na musamman ko zaɓin shafin. Don samun matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa, lambu sun zaɓi yanki mai haske don kabeji. Rashin haske yana haifarda kananan ganye da kuma samuwar kai mara kyau.
Amasa mai haske ko ƙasa mai haske ana ɗauka mafi kyau duka iri-iri. Kabeji yana ba da amsa mara kyau ga ƙarar acidity na ƙasa.
Don haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana bada shawara don gudanar da shiri na farko na gadaje don kabeji. Shiri ya kunshi gabatar da maganin lemun tsami a cikin kasar gona a lokacin kaka don rage yawan acidity, tare da sanya takin zamani don kara yawan haihuwar kasar. Mafi kyawun magabata na Hectare na Zinare sune:
- darehade (barkono, tumatir, dankalin turawa);
- legumes;
- kabewa;
- albasa.
Saukowa a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa da kulawa mai zuwa
A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, ana dasa shuki a cikin yanayin ganye 4-5 na manya. Daga lokacin da harbe-harben farko suka bayyana kafin canja wuri zuwa wuri na dindindin, aƙalla kwanaki 40 ya kamata su wuce. Rabin na biyu na Mayu ana ɗauka mafi kyau duka, lokacin da barazanar ƙarshen sanyi ya wuce.
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa bisa ga makirci 60 * 60 santimita. Tsire-tsire mai yawa yana haifar da lalacewar ƙimar amfanin gona. An shirya ramuka masu zurfin shuke-shuke. Ana sanya tsire-tsire har zuwa ƙananan ganye. Soilasar da ke kusa da tushen tana da kyau sosai.
A Zolotoy Hectar iri-iri bashi da ma'ana don kulawa. Yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun yayin da saman ƙasa ya bushe. Kashegari bayan shayarwa, an ba da shawarar sassauta ƙasa. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar buga ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙwanƙwasa da inganta haɓakar iskar oxygen zuwa tushen shukar.
Ana ciyar da kabeji sau 2-3 a kakar. An ba da shawarar matakin farko don aiwatarwa kwanaki 15-20 bayan saukowa a cikin ƙasa, na biyu a tsakiyar lokacin. Abinci na uku ana yi yayin lokacin samuwar kai. Shayar shuke-shuke an tsaida tsawan sati 1-2 kafin girbi.
Cututtuka da kwari iri-iri
Hectare na zinari cuta ce da kwayoyi masu jure kwari. Yana da mafi ƙarancin damuwa ga furanni, keel da fatattar 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke.
Daga cikin cututtuka, wanda ya kamata hattara da farin rot. An bayyana shi da bayyanar abin sawa a ƙananan ganye.
Cutar tsire-tsire tana faruwa a cikin filin bude tare da ƙara yawan acidity. Tare da tsananin sanyi da daddare, furen fure zai iya bayyana.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta daga tsire-tsire tare da cututtuka da kwari, ana bada shawarar aiwatar da spraying na rigakafi. A lokacin samuwar kawunan kabeji, ana shayar dasu daga sama da ruwa.
Dokokin ajiyar amfanin gona
Ana aiwatar da girbi bayan kammala taken. Balagowar fasaha ta kabeji na faruwa kwanaki 100-110 bayan germination. Wannan lokacin ya faɗi a ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, ya danganta da lokacin shuka da kuma dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
'Ya'yan itacen ne ya yanke hukunci ta hanyar dakatar da girman kai da kuma sanya ganyayyaki na sama. An zaɓi ranar busassun rana don tarawa. Kabeji yana jure jigilar kaya kuma yana riƙe da halayen kasuwanci na dogon lokaci. Nau'in iri-iri bai dace da ajiya ba a lokacin hunturu. Ana iya tsawanta adanawa ta hanyar rataye kawunan kabeji a cikin raga a cikin ɗakuna masu sanyi mai duhu tare da busasshiyar iska.