A cikin duniyar zamani, an mai da hankali sosai ga noman kayayyakin da ba su dace da muhalli da kayan lambu. Ana gabatar da ci gaba da ingantattun fasahohi na masana'antu-masana'antu, wanda ke ba da damar samun wadataccen tumatir a ɗakunan tsire-tsire na polycarbonate a farashi kaɗan. Ofayan waɗannan fasahohin shine mulching - ya rufe saman ƙasa mai ni'ima tare da kayan asalin halitta ko na wucin gadi. Bari mu tantance idan kuna buƙatar mulmula tumatir a cikin gidan hayaki da yadda ake yinshi.
Dalilin mulching tumatir a cikin greenhouse da filin bude
Babban manufar mulching tumatir da aka girma a cikin greenhouses da kuma a waje sune:
- Kariya daga ƙasar greenhouse daga haɗuwa da yawa da kuma samuwar ɓawon burodi mara lahani;
- Bayar da danshi da yanayin ƙasa na dogon lokaci;
- Rage yawan shayarwa da yawan ruwan sha mai amfani;
- Rigakafin ci gaba da canja wurin ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari daga ƙasa zuwa tsire-tsire;
- Kariya daga bushewa daga saman layin gurbataccen yanayi sakamakon aikin tsananin hasken rana;
- Inganta yaduwar ƙasa da haɓaka yawan amfanin tumatir.
Fasali na mulching tumatir
A cikin rufaffiyar sararin samaniya da yanayi mai ɗauke da yanayi, hanzarin aikin danshi danshi yana faruwa. Babban zafi yana jinkirta girma da ci gaban tumatir, yana haifar da yanayi mai kyau don bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban. Saboda haka, gabatarwar ciyawa na daga cikin mahimmancin yanayi a cikin yanayin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Kayan da ake bukata
Mafi yawan abubuwa sune abubuwa masu zuwa:
- kwayoyin (na halitta): sawdust, hay ko bambaro, ciyawa da aka yankakke, takin;
- inorganic (na wucin gadi): takarda da kwali, fim, murfin rufin rufi, rufin kwano da sauran nau'ikan kayan rufe mirgina.
Fim
Ana iya amfani da fim mara haske, ingantaccen fim azaman kayan fim. Kafin kwanciya a kan gado, an daidaita fim ɗin gaba ɗaya tsawonsa kuma an gyara shi. Don dasa shuki ko tsirrai, ana yin ramuka na musamman a fim din.
Yanke ciyawa
Ciyawar da aka sare na dogon lokaci yana riƙe da danshi na ƙasa a cikin greenhouse, wanda ke ba da damar rage yawan ban ruwa sau da yawa. Don kariya daga kwari masu cutarwa, yankakken ciyawar yankakke ana barin ta bushewa a rana har tsawon kwanaki.
Hay (bambaro)
Mulching tare da busasshiyar ciyawa ko bambaro yana taimakawa hana ci gaban ciyawar kuma yana ba da amintaccen kariyar shuke-shuke daga kwari. Lokacin da ake girma iri-iri na tumatir, ciyawa tana taka rawar gado don 'ya'yan da ke kwance a kai. 'Ya'yan itacen koyaushe suna bushe, masu tsabta, saboda haka ba sa fuskantar lalata ko kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cuta.
Takarda (kwali)
Kafin mulkar gadon jaridu, takarda ko kwali, ƙasar da ke kewayen tumatir ɗin ta warwatsar kuma ƙari mai haɗuwa. Daga nan sai a murkushe takardar sannan a yi amfani da wani shafi a gadon lambun, a riga an jika shi da ruwa ko kuma maganin takin mai ruwa (takin).
Lokacin amfani da shi ba tare da nika ba, ana yin ramuka masu yawa a cikin takarda don wucewar iska da danshi ba tare da kariya ba.
Babban rashin dacewar takarda shine rashin abubuwa masu amfani, sabili da haka, an ƙara wani ɓangaren ƙwayoyin halitta masu daɗaɗawa a saman shimfidar da aka shimfiɗa.
Sawdust
Mulching tare da sawdust yana dauke da mafi kowa hanya.
Takenaurin layin da aka shimfiɗa an ɗauke shi daidai da 10-15 cm Matsakaicin siriri na iya haifar da saurin tsirewar ciyawa. Sawdust yana riƙe da danshi a ƙasa, don haka ƙasar koyaushe tana cikin yanayi, mai ɗanshi. Saƙar ɗin tana saukaka sakowa da cire ciyawa. Sawdust yana sha sosai kuma yana bawa ruwa mai yawa izinin wucewa.
Babban rashin dacewar itace shine cewa suna ɗaukar mafi yawan abubuwa masu amfani (musamman nitrogen) daga tsire-tsire kuma suna taimakawa ga haɓakar ƙasa.
An yi wa shimfidar itace da aka shimfiɗa tare da maganin urea don samar da ƙarin nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Don hana hadawan abu da iskar shaka, ana kara lemun tsami mai laushi ko alli a cikin sawdust.
Takin
Takin ciyawa shine mafi kyawun kariya da abinci mai gina jiki ga tumatir a cikin greenhouse.
Tsarin zuriyar dabbobi ya kamata ya zama rubabbe, mai kama da juna, mai ɗaci, mara ƙanshi, ba tare da zafin rana da kowane irin datti ba. Takin dawakai shine mafi kyawun takin na tumatir.
A matsayin ƙarin hadi na ƙasa, kyakkyawan sakamako shine aikace-aikacen takin mai magani a cikin hanyar samar da takin mai ruwa.
An dauki kaurin Layer ya zama cm 20. A wannan yanayin, dasa tsaba da tsire-tsire na tumatir na greenhouse ana aiwatar da su ba a cikin ƙasa ba, amma kai tsaye a cikin takin, zuwa zurfin 1-3 cm.
Kayan da basu dace da ciyawa ba
Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da bawo da ganyen bishiyun coniferous kamar ciyawa ga tumatir da aka girma a cikin greenhouse.dauke da takamaiman abubuwa masu canzawa da mahimmin mai wanda zai iya tarwatsa mahimmin aikin kananan kwayoyin. Mafi dacewa da inganci zai zama ƙone waɗannan abubuwan haɗin tare da amfani da toka mai zuwa.
Ana yin jin rufin (rufin da ake ji) mai ɗauke da abubuwa masu guba bai dace ba. Ba a ba da shawarar amfani da peat mai tsabta, wanda ke inganta haɓakar ƙasa.
Don haka, zaɓin zaɓi mai ƙwarewa na hanyar da kayan don mulching yana haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin farashin noman tumatir a cikin greenhouse. Fa'idodi da yawa na amfani da wannan hanyar suna ba ku damar samun girbi mai ƙima da inganci na waɗannan kyawawan kayan lambu masu ƙoshin lafiya.