Itacen apple ya kasance sanannen itacen 'ya'yan itace, sabbin nau'ikan da keɓaɓɓu waɗanda ake zaɓa masu ci gaba a kai a kai. Daya daga cikin kwanan nan da aka janye shine apple iri-iri Kandil Orlovsky.
Bayanin iri-iri
Godiya ga aiki mai kyau na masu kiwo na Cibiyar Nazarin Rasha ta itaitan ita ,an ,a ,an ,a wasan ,a anan itace, an shuka iri iri na apple, wanda ake kira Kandil Orlovsky. Mafarkin da aka samu ta hanyar free pollination na matasan seedlings na iri Wesley da Jonathan.
Marubutan da sukayi aiki akan cigaban sabon iri sune Sedova E.N., Serov Z.M., Zhdanova VV, Dolmatova E.A.... An yarda da wannan nau'ikan don gwajin jihar a cikin 1997, kuma an yi rajista a cikin Rajistar Jiha a 2002.
Itacen Apple-na Kandil Orlovsky iri-iri na matsakaiciyar girman, low, kambi karami ne, zagaye ne, bai yi kauri ba. Babban harbe yana wuri mara kyau, mai lankwasa, amma ya tashi daga tushe kusan a kusurwar dama. Ba a buƙatar yanke daɗaɗawa da kuma rawanin kambi.
Ina rantsuwa da itaciya da ci gaba da tushen tsarin... Wannan nau'ikan yana son haske, wurare tare da loamy da yashi ƙasa mai yashi mai danshi. Yayi tasiri sosai ga ciyarwa da hadi.
A karkashin nauyin bishiyar apples, rassan sun zama masu nauyi kuma sun nutse, zasu iya karyawa. Don kaucewa wannan, sanya tallafi. Ana iya girbe su bayan girbi.
Harbewar wannan itacen apple na matsakaiciyar kauri ne, an zagaye shi a ɓangaren giciye, gwiwar hannu. Haushi a jikin akwati, manyan rassa da harbeka launin ruwan kasa ne mai santsi.
Ganyayyakin kanana ne, a cikin siradin m oval, an nuna koli da karkacewa a cikin karkace, launi mai duhu mai haske mai haske, mai sheki. Ana rarrabe su da mummunan yanayi, wrinkled tare da ƙaramin gari da wavy.
Farantin takarda mai kauri da tsayi. Suna da ƙananan ɗakuna masu siffar allura a gindin ganye. Akwai 'yan lentil kadan a kan harbi, suna kanana.
Wannan nau'ikan yana da karami, an matse shi a kan harbe, buds a cikin siffar mazugi. Farin ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda na matsakaiciyar girman, zagaye, akan dogayen sanduna.
Kandil Orlovsky ya fara kawo girbi da wuri, tuni shekaru 3-5 bayan dasa bishiyar. Ya bambanta a yawan aiki. Treesananan bishiyoyi na iya samar da matsakaita na kilo 160 na tuffa a kowace bishiya.
Wannan nau'in apple yana bada 'ya'ya a kai a kai, kusan kowace shekara. Bayan lokaci, duk da haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya saukad da damar 'ya'yan itacen ya lalace.
'Ya'yan itacen da suka manyanta ana girbe su a watan Satumba, suna kwance sosai har zuwa bazara, kuma ana sauƙin jigilar su.
'Ya'yan wannan nau'ikan suna da romo, koren ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano da ƙamshi mai kyau. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da wadataccen bitamin C, karami, yayi kimanin gram 150.
Suna da kyan gani mai kyau a cikin siffar wani mazugi mai tsayi, mai launin rawaya-koren mai launin ja mai haske, tare da fata mai santsi da sheki.
Kandil Orlovsky shine tsananin hunturu, jure yawancin cututtukan fungal, scab. A matsayinsa na mai wadataccen iri, amma duk da haka yana buƙatar pollen daga wasu nau'ikan apple don mafi kyawun saitin fruita fruitan itace da ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Dangane da juriyarsa na yanayi, ana iya noman a kusan kowane yanki.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na itacen apple
Babban fa'idar itacen apple na wannan nau'ikan shine juriya ga ɓawon ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa., babban kasuwanci da dandano halaye, siffa mai ban sha'awa na 'ya'yan itace, yawan amfanin ƙasa, farkon balaga.
Tsayayya da yanayin sanyi, yana jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -35 digiri, yana da rigakafin halitta ga cututtukan fungal.
Shin mai rikodin rikodin 'ya'yan itace... Ana cinyewa kamar sabo ne. Don haka ya dace sosai da nau'ikan sarrafa 'ya'yan itace.
Wannan nau'ikan ba ya jure wa inuwa, yana buƙatar mafi hasken wuri.
Top miya
Kamar kowane tsire, don haɓaka yawan aiki, itacen apple ɗin Kandil Orlovsky yana buƙatar ciyarwa, tushe da foliar.
A cikin shekarar farko, ba a hayayyafa da ƙwaya, amma ana shayar da ita akai-akai kuma a yalwace, musamman a lokutan bushewa, sassauta kasar yayin kawar da ciyawa.
Bugu da ari a lokacin bazara, ana yin takin nitrogen na itacen, a lokacin rani, aka fesa masa takin mai magani. Don kakar wasa ta gaba, ana maimaita ciyarwar bazara, kuma kaka ana samarda ita da takin mai magani tare da phosphorus da potassium.
Bayan bishiyar ta fara ba da ’ya’ya, sai a kawo adadinsu sau huɗu a shekara.
Kafin da bayan da kuka ciyar da shukar, tabbas za ku shayar da shi sosai. Aiwatar da takin gargajiya lokacin sanya tushen, takin ma'adinai yayin fesa shuka.
Yankin haɓakar yanayi da daidaitawa a wasu yankuna
Da farko an hayayyafa iri-iri don girma a cikin Yankin Tsakiya, Arewacin Caucasian da Earthananan Blackasashe... Amma kasancewa mai tsananin sanyi da juriya ga kowane irin cuta, gami da fungal, zai iya girma ko'ina.
Yankin girma ba ya shafar ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawan aiki.
Nasihu don dasa shuki iri-iri Kandil Orlovsky
Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara game da wurin dasa shukar samari. Zaɓi yanki mai haske sosaidon guje wa faɗuwar amfanin ƙasa.
Wurin da aka malale ya zama dole, a kan loams, ƙasa mai yashi mai ɗumshi. Zai yuwu girma a ƙasa baƙar fata tare da ƙarancin acidity, kazalika akan ƙasa mai yashi, ƙarƙashin ciyarwa da takin gargajiya na yau da kullun.
Itacen apple ba ya jure ruwan da ke tsaye... A wannan yanayin, mummunan ci gaban itacen yana yiwuwa kuma mutuwarsa mai yiwuwa ne.
Don dasa shuki, shirya rami kusan 80 cm faɗi kuma zurfin mita 1 a gaba. Wannan ya zama dole kasa ta zauna. Fitar da fegi mai saukowa.
Idan ka zabi yankin da akwai yuwuwar samun ambaliyar, to magudanar da shi. A cikin ɓangaren mafi ƙasƙanci na ramin da aka haƙa don dasa itacen apple, yi rawar tashar da ta kai zurfin mita 1.5, cika ta da tsakuwa ko fasa bulo.
Daidai takin kasar tare da kayan kwalliyar da aka shirya na peat, humus da takin mai ma'adinai... Lokacin da kasar gona ta lafa, kuma wannan na iya daukar makonni biyu, fara dasa shukar matashi.
Kada a zurfafa zuriyar bishiyar tuffa sosai lokacin dasa, wurin da tushen ya shiga cikin itacen bishiyar dole ne ya zama 5 cm sama da matakin ƙasa.
Ieulla itace da fegi, don haka kafa madaidaiciyar alkibla game da ci gabanta. Rufe tushen sosai da ƙasa da ruwa sosai.
Bayan wata daya, ciyar da itacen apple da aka dasa tare da kowane wakili mai kaɗawa don haɓaka haɓakar sa kuma taimaka masa daidaitawa da samun tushe.
Domin kambin bishiyar ya bunƙasa da sauri, lokacin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a yanke rassan shukar da kashi ɗaya bisa uku.
Ta hanyar sayen ɗan bishiyar apple na Kandil Orlovsky a cikin bazara, yanke rassan nan da nan, amma dole ne a taɓa tushen... Lokacin rayuwarsa ya dogara da yawan asalinsu.
Idan kun sami tsaba tare da tsarin tushen rauni, ku rabu da kusan dukkanin ganye akan sa, ku bar kawai 10% na duka.
Kulawa
Saboda siffarta, itacen da aka zaɓa iri-iri baya buƙatar yankan itace don ya sami kambi... Lalacewa da busassun harbe ana sare su ne kawai daga bishiyoyin apple na manya don sake sabunta shuka. Wannan ya kamata a yi shi a farkon bazara, kafin burodin ya yi fure.
Masana sun ba da shawarar yanke har zuwa 80% na launi a cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa, wannan zai taimaka bishiyar ta sami tushe da kyau da sauri.
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, yana da kyau a aiwatar da aikin don rabon girbi: don yanke ƙarin "koren ganye", ma'ana, ƙarami, kwanan nan da aka saita, fewan santimita a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu faɗi.
Idan baku yi wannan aikin ba, itaciyar da kanta zata zubar da ƙari, amma sauran fruitsa fruitsan bayan sun girma zasu zama smalleranana kuma basu da daɗi.
Ta hanyar daidaita amfanin gona ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya gwadawa rabu da itacen 'ya'yan itace a shekara - a cikin shekara guda.
Cututtuka da kwari na apụl
Itacen apple na Kandil Orlovsky sananne ne saboda yana da juriya ga scab, yana da rigakafin cututtukan fungal, sabili da haka yana ceton masu lambu daga matsala mai yawa.
Tare da keɓaɓɓun banda ana iya kai musu hari ta aphids, apple beetle da sawfly.
Don yaƙi da kwari, ƙone busassun rassa, ganye, bi da itacen da magungunan kwari.
Bayan zaba wannan nau'in da ba shi da kyau sosai ga lambun, wanda baya buƙatar kulawa mai mahimmanci, za ku iya samun sakamako mafi yawa tare da ƙaramin ƙoƙari, bayan da ya sami yielda yieldan ofa ofan ofa fruitsan itacen mai ban sha'awa da gabatarwa.