Baƙar fata ba shine mafi mashahurin bishiyar berry a Rasha ba, ba a girma a nan akan sikelin masana'antu, kamar, misali, a cikin Amurka. Amma galibi mazaunan rani na Rasha suna ba da hankali ga wannan tsire-tsire, suna fifita shi zuwa duk sanannun raspberries. Wadannan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itatuwa na gida daya ne - Rosaceae. Amma, ba kamar dangin ta ba, blackberries suna da babban juriya ga cututtuka da kwari... Koyaya, wannan baya nufin cewa Berry baya buƙatar kulawa da kariya daga kwari kwata-kwata. A cikin wannan labarin za mu kalli abin da kwari za ku iya samu kan baƙar fata, musamman ƙudaje, dalilan faruwar su da yadda za a magance su.
Me yasa kwari masu kwari suke bayyana akan bakar fata?
Baƙi zai iya kai wa baƙar fata farmaki saboda dalilai masu zuwa:
- Layin da ke tsakanin bambancin jinsunan blackberries da raspberries na dada dushewa. Yawancin zamani masu inganci nau'ikan blackberry a cikin jinsinsu suna da kwayar rasberi, kuma waɗannan nau'ikan iri biyu ana yawan shuka su a cikin unguwa. Duk wannan yana haifar da sannu-sannu asarar Berry na juriya ta ɗabi'a ga cututtuka da kwari.
- Bayan raspberries, Har ila yau, bai kamata a dasa nearanƙwara kusa da busassun ƙamshi na strawberries, ya tashi kwatangwalo da wardi... Har ila yau, berries suna da kwari na yau da kullun tare da waɗannan tsire-tsire.
- Sau da yawa, masu kula da lambu da kansu sukan zama dalilin yaduwar kwari a kan shukar shukar, suna siyan ƙwayoyi ba a manyan wuraren nurseries ba, amma daga mutane bazuwar, alal misali, siyar dasu kusa da metro. Ko zaɓi ya fi muni yayin da aka sayi shuka a balaguro zuwa ƙasashen waje. Me yasa baza ayi haka ba? Duk abin da aka alkawarta muku manyan 'ya'yan itace ba shi da daraja a sayi iri waɗanda ba a gwada su ba kuma ba su dace da yankinku ba... Saboda shukar shukar da ke cikin shakku, kana da barazanar haifar da barkewar wata cuta da ba a san ta ba a cikin lambun ka, ko kuma yada kwaroron kwari a duk yankin.
- Rashin kulawar shuka mai kyau... Domin berriesan baƙi su kasance cikin ƙoshin lafiya kuma su faranta maka rai tare da girbi mai yawa, suna buƙatar ciyar da su, fesa musu kwari, da kariya daga ciyawa.
Idan baku son haɗarin girbinku na blackberry, zai fi kyau ku kula da kare shuka daga kwari a gaba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar sanin wanda za ku yi yaƙi da shi. Kuma abokan gaba na farko da za ku iya cin karo da su su ne ƙudaje da ke yawo a kan daji.
Kudaje kan harbe-harbe na blackberry da berries: ire-irensu da yadda ake ma'amala dasu
Daga cikin ƙudajen da ba ruwansu da baƙar fata, ana iya rarrabe nau'ikan kwari masu zuwa.
Rasberi kara tashi
Insearamar kwari mai launin toka, tsawonta bai wuce 5 mm ba. Don lokacin hunturu, kuda yana neman mafaka a saman ƙasar, kuma ya bar mafakarsa a daidai lokacin da samari na baƙar fata suka fara girma... A kudancin Rasha, wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kuma a tsakiyar layi - kusan tsakiyar Mayu.
Sanin lokacin tashiwar kwarin, zaka iya pre-bi da ɓangarorin sama na samarin da ƙwayoyi irin su Actellik ko Iskra. Idan mummunan lalacewar shuka ta kwaro (har zuwa 50%), magani na kemikal zai zama hanya ɗaya tak da za ta adana amfanin gona.
Bayan kuda ya bar ƙasar, sai ya fara haifuwa. Wurin da za'a kwan ƙwai shine sinus a ɓangarorin sama na ganyen blackberry. Tsutsa na kyankyasar kwan daga ƙwai, kuma ita ce ta haifar da babbar illa ga shukar, tana cizon wurare a cikin ɓauren. A sakamakon haka, harbi ya fara bushewa, farawa daga sama, kuma daga baya ya yi baƙi da ruts tare da 'ya'yan itacen.
Irin wannan shuka za a iya samun ceto ta hanyar yanke harbe-harben da ya lalace. Akwai hanyoyi biyu:
- Yanke harbi gaba daya a ƙasa... Ana amfani da wannan hanyar azaman mafaka ta ƙarshe lokacin da tsutsa ta riga ta isa gindin harbi. Ta hanyar datse wuraren da baƙar fata ya lalace ta wannan hanyar, zaku rasa muhimmin ɓangare na amfanin gona.
- Da zaran ƙarshen harbi ya fara dusashe, kuma ganyayyakin suka zama baƙi a cikin dubaru, nan da nan yanke rassan a rabi... Dole ne a yanka sassan sassan rassan don lalata tsutsa. Wannan hanyar ba kawai zata taimaka wajen kiyaye girbin ba, amma kuma ta ninka shi, godiya ga yankan yanki.
Kuma wata hanyar halakar da rasberi kara tashi shine noman rani na ƙasa a ƙarƙashin daji... Wannan zai ba ka damar kawar da kwaron lokacin da yake cikin yanayin rashin tsaro, kwanciya don hunturu.
Rasberi harba gall midge
Wani suna na wannan kwarin shine sauro mai rasberi.... Yana da matukar wahala gano shi akan tsiro har zuwa lokacin da ya riga ya haifar da lahani mai yawa, saboda girman sa kawai 1.5-2 mm ne.
Kwarin mata na sanya ƙwai a ƙarƙashin bawon shukar, yawanci a ƙasan ganye. Mako guda baya, ana haifar larvae daga ƙwai, wanda zai fara ciyarwa a cikin ɗakunan ciki na harbe... Daga wannan ne suka fara lullube da launuka masu launin kasa, wadanda suka zama baƙi akan lokaci. Kuma nan gaba kadan, bawon ya lalace gaba daya, ya fallasa harbin, sai ya karye. Wannan yakan faru ne a lokacin lokacin 'ya'yan itacen.
Don magance kwari masu cutarwa, ana amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin:
- Ana buƙatar tsabtace tsabta a cikin bazara da kaka, wanda ya ƙunshi kawar da tsire-tsire daga cututtukan cuta, lalacewa da anda fruan itace.
- Don lalata kwari yayin da yake cikin ƙasa, zaka iya tono ƙasa ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi zuwa zurfin 15 cm.
- Domin jinkirta tashiwar kwaro, tushen yankin za a iya mulched tare da peat Layer na 8-10 mm.
- Magungunan sunadarai akan harba gall midge za'ayi daga tsakiyar watan Afrilu, har kwaron ya sami lokacin barin kasar. A wannan yanayin, ana fesa harbe-harbe, ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga ɓangaren ƙananan su, kazalika da kusancin-kara da'irar. Irin wadannan magungunan kwari kamar Calypso 480 KS, Karate, Iskra, Mospilan 20 SP, Arivo, Confidor sun taimaka sosai.
Saboda tsananin yawan guba, bai kamata ku yi amfani da tsofaffin kayan kamar Karbofos, BI-58, Fufanon ba. Idan har yanzu kun yanke shawarar amfani dasu, to yakamata maganin ya zama bai wuce 0.75% ba.
Lokacin amfani da sunadarai don sarrafa kwari, koyaushe kwatanta lahani daga asarar amfanin gona da cutarwar da za a iya haifar ta yawan amfani da magunguna masu guba. Wani lokaci, tare da yaduwar kwari, ya fi sauƙi don maye gurbin kayan dasa fiye da fallasa kanku ga haɗarin guba ta sinadarai.
Wasu lambu a cikin yaƙi da gall midge sun fi son amfani da magungunan mutane:
- Sarrafa baƙar fata tare da mustard mai ƙuradiluted cikin ruwa.
- Yi amfani da spraying jiko na tansy (350 g busassun tansy a kowace lita 10 na ruwa).
- Dasa tafarnuwa da albasarta a karkashin daji.
Irin waɗannan hanyoyin, tabbas, ba zasu yi tasiri tare da adadi mai yawa na kwari ba, amma idan yawansu ba su da yawa, zai fi kyau ayi gwaji dasu kafin amfani da sunadarai. Hakanan wadannan hanyoyin zasuyi kyau azaman matakan kariya.
Rasberi gyada
Haramar hymenoptera ce, tsawonta bai wuce 3 mm ba. Mata masu Nutcracker a lokacin fure na baƙar fata suna sa ƙwai a cikin harbe, kuma bayan wata daya, ana kafa galls (kumburi har zuwa 10 cm a tsayi) a shafin lalacewar harbe-harbe, a ciki waxanda suke da larvae na tashi. Saboda gall, fashewar abubuwa a cikin haushi, wanda ke sa harbe-harben ya zama mara ƙarfi kuma ba zai iya 'ya'yan itace ba. Yawancin lokaci, harbe na iya bushewa gaba ɗaya.
Hanyoyin ma'amala da goro:
- Kafin lokacin furannin blackberry, ana fesa dazuzzuka da Aktellik ko Ambush.
- Komai harbe tare da galls dole ne a yanke nan da nan kuma kona.
- Lokacin kulawa da tsire-tsire, kuna buƙata yi hankali kar a karya mutuncin haushi akan rassan. Fasawa a cikin haushi wuri ne da aka fi so don kwan ƙwai.
Rasberi ganyen sawfly
Daya daga cikin kwari mafi hatsari na blackberry. A cikin sawfly, mata suna yin ƙwai da yawa a cikin sarkar a cikin ganyayen tsiron shukar.... Bayan tsutsa ta fito daga garesu, sai ganyen kore ya bushe ya mutu. Larvae ya kai tsawon 14 mm, duhu ne a saman, haske mai toka a ƙasa, an rufe shi da hairs. Suna ciyar da ganyen blackberry masu ɗaci daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba. Yawanci ana cin ganyayyaki ta ruɓa, amma wani lokacin sai kwarangwal kawai ya rage na ganye. A farkon watannin bazara suna rayuwa galibi a cikin ƙananan ganyen ganye, ƙarshe yana motsawa sama. Suna hibernate a dumi gizo-gizo koko dama a saman duniya, daga cikin ganyayyun da suka fadi.
Idan yawan wannan kwaro yana da yawa, to baƙar fata zai iya rasa sama da rabin kayan aikin ganye, wanda ke rage girbin berry a cikin shekarar da muke ciki. Bayan haka, ba tare da ganye ba, shukar ta rasa damar samar da lafiyayyun ƙwayoyin cutada ake bukata don nan gaba girbi. Kuma lalatattun harbe a cikin hunturu, galibi, daskarewa.
Matakan sarrafa Sawfly:
- Loossening kasar gona a karkashin daji.
- Mulching basal da'irar.
- Injin tattara tsutsa, idan har tsiron yayi kadan.
- Fesa shuka a lokacin rani tare da magungunan kwari tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin jira.
Duk da rashin daidaito na baƙar fata, akwai haɗarin rasa amfanin gona koyaushe. Yanzu tunda kun san manyan kwari na shukar, tabbas ku ɗauki lokaci don ɗaukar matakan kariya don yaƙar su. Kashe kwari a kan blackberry ba sauki, musamman tunda yin amfani da sanadarai ba kawai zai lalata kwari ba, har ma zai rage ingancin ‘ya’yan itacen, da amincin su don cin su.