Babban aikin kudan zuma shine yin kwai. Akwai ɗan tayi guda ɗaya a cikin iyali. Kudan zuma suna kula da iyayensu. Tana da 'yan uwanta, waɗanda ke ba ta abinci (jelly na sarauta).
Kudan zuma don masu farawa: yaya kudan zuma yake?
Sarauniyar kudan zuma, ko kuma kamar yadda masu kiwon zuma ke kiranta "Sarauniya", ita ce iyayen duk kudan zuman da ke zaune a cikin amsar. A dabi'a, tsaran rayuwarta na iya kaiwa shekaru 8., amma a kiwon zuma, yawanci ana canza sarauniya zuwa saurayi bayan shekara 2. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa shuka ƙwayai na aiki yana faruwa a farkon shekaru biyu, sannan haifuwa tana raguwa. Mai kiwon kudan zuma na iya canza shi da wuri idan bai ba da kyakkyawan sakamako ba.
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da yadda kudan zuma take. Ana iya rarrabe shi da sauƙi daga ƙudan zuma mai aiki a cikin sifa da girma. Yana da jiki mai tsayi, ya kai girman 2-2.5 cm. Ciki, ba kamar sauran ƙudan zuma ba, yana fitowa sama da fikafikan. Akwai harbi a karshen, amma ana amfani da shi ne don kariya daga sauran kudan zuma sarauniya.
Yana da ƙaramar ido. Nauyin - 0.025 g, da bakarare - 0.020 g. Nauyi da girma sun dogara da shekarun kudan zuma da kuma nau'in. Mahaifa ya haihu kuma baya haihuwa. Na farko ana shuka su da ƙudan zuma masu aiki, na ƙarshen ana shuka su da jirage marasa matuka.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don ƙyanƙyashe ƙudan zuma daga karce ta asali?
Bari muyi la’akari da yadda da kwanaki nawa ake kyankyasar kudan zuma? Ga wadanda ke kiwon kudan zuma wadanda ke matukar tsunduma cikin apiary, wannan ilimin ya zama dole ga dalilai masu zuwa:
- Canja tsohon mutum zuwa saurayi.
- Don aikin kiwo.
- Don hana kwararar ƙudan zuma.
- Don sarrafa shuka.
- Zai taimaka wajen gano naman gwari.
Tsarin kyankyasar kudan zuma ya fara ne da shuka kwai. An kyankyashe sarauniyar daga kwayayen, wanda daga baya yakan shuka kudan zuma. An cire fungi na tinder daga shuka mara haihuwa.
A cikin kwanon da aka gina akan saƙar zuma, mahaifar tana shuka ƙwai. Tsutsa na fitowa daga gare ta, wanda ƙudan zuma ke kulawa da kariya. An ciyar da tsutsa daga cikin mahaifar ta gaba tare da jelly na sarauta kuma ana ci gaba da ciro uwar daga cikin kwano. A rana ta 7, sai suka hatimce shi.
Suna cika shi da abinci mai ƙwo kafin sanya hatimi. Jelly ne na sarauta. Waɗannan masu kiwon kudan zuma waɗanda suka tattara shi don sayarwa, wannan shine mafi dacewa lokacin tarawa.
Kwanaki nawa ne sarauniyar kudan zuma take kyankyashewa kuma ta fita daga gidan sarauniyar? Kafin barin giyar uwa, tsutsa, ta ciyar da madara, ta girma kuma ta zama pupa. Daga pupa zuwa mahaifar. Har zuwa wani lokaci har yanzu tana nuna a cikin ruwan giya. A rana ta 16, akwai hanyar fita daga uwar giya, ta hanyar cizon sa.
Masu kiwon zuma da ke tsunduma cikin sarauniyar kiwo ya kamata su sani cewa duhun gidan sarauniyar daga ƙasa yake, tsoffin shi ne. Sarauniyar farko da zata fito za ta lalata sauran ɗakunan sarauniyar. Kulawa kan ɗakunan sarauniya da sakin mutane zai ba masu kiwon kudan zuma damar hana yanayin yawo a cikin amsar. Yi hasashen lokacin da yiwuwar tashin taron. Zai taimaka wajen samarda yadudduka akan manya-manyan shaye-shayen uwa.
A karo na farko bayan barin giya uwar, karamin mahaifa yana samun karfi kuma yana kawar da sauran uwar giya. A lokaci guda, an raba su cikin tayi da polypores. Waɗannan mutanen da ke yawo kusa da juna tare da jiragen sama cikin kwanaki 7 sun zama masu ba da amfani. Dukan dangi suna cikin wannan aikin. Idan wannan ya faru, to bayan kwana 3 a cikin hive, shuka ta ƙudan zuma ya kamata ya bayyana.
Mahaifa tayi na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 5, amma don samar da zuma bai dace a kiyaye shi na tsawon lokaci ba. Bayan shekaru 2, ya kamata a canza shi zuwa saurayi, domin bayan wannan lokacin, shuka yana raguwa. Shuka kaka ta kare da wuri, kuma lokacin bazara ya fara daga baya. Idan mahaifar ba ta tashi a kusa ba, to, kwayar drone za ta bayyana a cikin amya. Irin wannan dangi ya halaka. Yakamata a cire kwankwason kuma a karawa dan tayi.
Lokaci, matakai da lokutan ci gaban tsutsa a cikin uwar shayarwar da rana
Sarauniyar kudan zuma hatching jadawalin
A rana ta 7 | An kulle ɗakin sarauniya |
A rana ta 16 | Fitowar mutum mara haihuwa |
Bayan kwanaki 3-5 a cikin hive | Flyby |
A cikin kwanaki 7 | Mating jirgin |
Bayan kwana 14 | Ikon tantance ingancin mahaifa |
Beudan zuma suna rayuwa ne da dokokinsu da dukkan lokutan ci gaba, galibi sun dogara da microclimate a cikin hive, ƙarfin iyali da yanayin yanayi. Sabili da haka, fitowar mahaifa na iya zama kwana ɗaya a baya ko daga baya. Lokacin janyewar kudan zuma miƙa daga kwanaki 26 zuwa 30 ko fiye.
Ba tare da yin jima'i da jirage marasa matuka ba, ba shi yiwuwa a sami mahaifar tayi. Amma yawan drones a cikin hive dole ne a kula da su koyaushe. Ta yaya drone ke ci gaba?
An kirkiro jirgi mara matuki ne kamar yadda kudan zuma yake aiki, amma yana da tsarin ci gaba mai tsawo. Idan ka lura sosai a kan tsefe, ƙwayoyin da ke da drones a cikin tsefe sun fi girma. Suna da wata ma'amala, murfi mara nauyi. Yana daukar kwanaki 24 daga kwai zuwa babba. Jirgin zai kasance a shirye don saduwa a ranar 33. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a kalli kalanda kuma kar a rasa wannan lokacin.
Ta yaya ake fitar da mahaifa ba tare da tsutsa ba?
Wata hanya mai sauki da masu kiwon kudan zuma ke amfani da ita don samun budurwa sarauniya ba tare da sun siya ba. Sananne a cikin apiaries masu zaman kansu kuma akwai don masu farawa. Yakamata a zabi dangi mai karfi don cin nasarar cire mahaifa.... Idan ana buƙatar karin sarauniya, to an zaɓi iyalai da yawa.
A cikin tsakiyar jikin, mafi daidai, a cikin sararin samaniya, an shigar da insulator, inda kwanciya za ta gudana. Idan babu insulator, to za a iya maye gurbinsu da zumar zuma. A matakin da larvae suka bayyana a cikin tsefe, ana ajiye su a cikin shirin da aka shirya.
Kiyaye sarauniya biyu a cikin hive lamari ne mai kawo ce-ce-ku-ce, tunda a yanayin yanayi sarauniya daya ce tak ke zaune a cikin iyali. Lokacin da na biyun ya bayyana, mai ƙarfi zai kashe mai rauni. Amma wasu masu kiwon zuma suna neman su rike sarauniya biyu a cikin dangi kuma hakan ya ninka ko kuma ninka sau uku. Saboda karuwar girma na iyalai, ana iya kara zuma zuwa babban tarin zuma. Masu kiwon zuma sun cimma famfo na kilogiram 40 na zuma daga dangi a mako-mako.
Actionsarin ayyuka na mai kiwon kudan zuma
- Bayan awa 6, sai a dauki zumar sa tare da kwan da aka sa. Ana fitar dasu daga amya.
- Tare da wuka mai zafi, an yanke tsiri tare da ƙwai da aka sa.
- Yanke a gefe ɗaya zuwa rabin tsawo. Ofayan ƙwayoyin nan uku zasu kasance.
- A kan ragowar kwayoyin da larvae, a hankali ku fadada ramuka da sanda (yi kwalliya a hannu). Anan za'a gina sarauniya.
- An haɗa tsiri da aka riga aka shirya zuwa firam ɗin zuma mara komai.
- An sanya rami wanda bai fi 5 cm tsayi ba (a layi ɗaya da sandar da ke saman).
- An manne tsiri tare da narkakken kakin zuma ko fil na katako. Ana la'akari da yawan sarauniya da ake buƙata kuma ana yin adadin ramuka iri ɗaya.
Girma sarauniya kudan zuma
An goye sarauniya inda ake tara tsutsa. An sanya firam a madadin ɗayan da aka cire kafin. Za a sami cunkoso na ƙudan zuma masu aiki waɗanda ke kula da tsari koyaushe, isar da jelly na sarauta a kan kari da samuwar ƙwayoyin sarauniya.
Don haka, dangi sun rikide zuwa masu ilimi. Kafin bayyanar mahaifa, ana zazzage mahaifa kuma a sanya shi a tsakiya ko kuma sel. Ta wannan hanyar, mutum ya girma ba tare da canza tsutsa ba.
Dokokin yau da kullun don kiwo
Ana tayar da matan sarauta a lokaci guda kamar yadda ake amfani da su (kamar haka drones da suka balaga suka bayyana).
- Mutum mai haihuwa yana bayyana tare da girbin zuma mai kyau.
- Sarauniyar da aka goya daga manya-manyan tsutsa ta fi ta kananan.
- Don janyewa, ana amfani da larvae wadanda suka kai awa 12.
Sarauniya mai sau biyu ta mallake kudan zuma
Sau biyu-sarauniya kiyaye kudan zuma mazauna damar ƙara amya zuwa babban zuma tarin da ta haka zaka iya kara tarin zuma da kashi 50%. Yana da kyau a kiyaye wannan hanyar a tsakiyar Rasha da yankuna arewacin, tunda lokacin tattara zuma a cikin waɗannan yankuna gajere ne kuma galibi yana ƙarewa a watan Yuli.
Fa'idodi na kudan zuma mai-sarauta a amya masu yawa:
- a lokacin hunturu, yawan cin abinci yana raguwa (saboda dumamawar juna);
- shuka yana ƙaruwa;
- ayyukan kudan zuma na karuwa;
- tarin zuma na ƙaruwa.
Rashin amfani:
- babba da nauyi amya;
- lalacewa a cikin iska;
- yana da wuya a hana haɗuwa;
- lokacin da kake duban ginshiƙai, ya zama dole a kwance dukkan fasalin.
A cikin amya biyu
Ana amfani da wannan hanyar a amya tare da jiki biyu (firam 12) da mujallu biyu. A lokacin furannin willow, an faɗaɗa gida tare da tushe. Don haka, a farkon watan Mayu, firam 8 tare da shuka sun bayyana. Idan an ɗora tantanin sarauniya akan ƙudan zuma, ana cire jikin kuma an girka kusa dashi.
Madadin haka, suna sanya jiki tare da rabin firam da tushe. An rufe shi ta hanyar makauniyar hanya kuma an saka jiki tare da mahaifa a saman. Ya kamata a juya ƙofar ta wata hanyar.
Bayan kwanaki 4, ana cire ƙwayoyin sarauniya daga ƙananan jikin. Kwayoyin suna juyawa zuwa gefe guda. Yanzu "sarauniya" guda biyu suna aiki a cikin amya. Ana kiyaye su har sai tarin zuma.
Yayin babban tarin zuma, an cire septum. Tunda sarauniya ɗaya tak ke cikin hive, to idan iyalai suka haɗu, masu ƙarfi suna kashe masu rauni.
A amya masu yawa
Tare da taimakon iyalai biyu na kula da iyalai, masu kiwon zuma a amya masu tarin yawa suna gina iyalai masu ƙarfi don babban tarin zuma. Don yin wannan, a cikin farkon shekaru goma na Mayu, ƙyanƙyashewar matan mata sun fara zama. Daga rabi na biyu na iyali, suna zaune biyu ko uku gine-gine, kuma a babba na sama suna tsara layi. An sanya mutum mara haihuwa da uwa a ciki. A karshen wata, shuka saƙar zuma ta fara.
Yanzu aiki ya fara haɓaka iyalai tare da sarauniya biyu. A kan yadudduka na layuka 6-8, an sanya grid mai rarraba don kwanaki 1-2. Bayan gawarwakin an cika su da firam da tushe. Sun sanya grid mai rarraba da harka a saman. An cire tsohuwar sarauniyar... An yi sabon layi a kai.
Waɗannan yankuna ba sa ƙaruwa kuma suna da ƙudan zuma masu aiki waɗanda ke fitowa daga ƙusoshin sama. Wannan yana kara yawan zumar da aka tara.
A cikin loungers na rana
Ga wasu, kiyayewar ƙudan zuma a cikin amya kudan zuma ya fi dacewa.
Tare da wannan hanyar, ana ɗaukar lounger zuwa cikin sigogi 16, waɗanda aka raba ta da layin rarrabawa. A kowane bangare akwai dangi da ke da mahaifa. A wannan yanayin, suna hibernate, kuma a cikin bazara suna girma.
A lokacin rani, an sanya kantin sayar da kayan yau da kullun, gini tare da raga. Yayinda iyalai ke girma, ana ƙara shaguna. Don haka, yawan zuma ya karu.
Daga duk abin da aka faɗa, a bayyane yake cewa mahaifar tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin amya. Kamar yadda kake gani, ba abu bane mai wahala ka fitar da kudan zuma mai masaniya game da lamarin. Babban abu shine a bi tsarin da aka nuna sannan kuma zaka iya janye mutum daga karce. Yawan zumar da kuka girba ya dogara da ita. Tare da gwaninta da ilimin iya rike da sarauniyar amya, zaka iya kara yawan apiary.