Itacen apple shine itacen itace mafi shahara ba kawai a cikin yankin tsakiyar Rasha ba, amma yanzu a Siberia.
Godiya ga zaɓi, an shayar da nau'ikan da ke jure sanyi, amma har yanzu tambayar tana dacewa ga mai lambun, wane lokaci ne na shekara yafi dacewa da shuka wannan amfanin gona.
Yaushe ne mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa itacen apple?
Abubuwan yanayin yanayi na yankuna na ƙasar na iya iyakance ba kawai zaɓin nau'in apple ba, amma kuma ya tilasta wa mai kula da lambun ya bi tsayayyar tsarin shuka.
Don haka, ga wadanda ke zaune a yankunan kudanci da tsakiyar kasar, lokacin shuka ga kowane iri yawanci kaka ce.
Gabashin Siberia da Primorye ba shine wuri mafi dacewa don ci gaban itacen apple ba, amma godiya ga sababbin iri, yana da tushe sosai a cikin bazara, kusa da tsakiyar watan Mayu.
Baya ga yanayi da la'akari da lokacin, ya kamata ku kula da nau'ikan da shekarun itacen.
Akwai da yawa sanyi-resistant iri... Waɗannan sune ofan itacen bishiyar Antonovka, Medunitsa, Charodeyka, Kyautar kaka, Matasan Naturalan Adam, Bessemyanka Michurinskaya da Azurfa Hoof.
Shuka a cikin kaka da fasalin sa
Dogaro da yankin, ana iya jin sanyi a lokuta daban-daban. Gaskiyar farawar sanyi shine farkon farawa don shuka itacen apple.
Hanya mafi kyau don ƙayyade lokacin lokacin da za a dasa bishiyar apple - mayar da hankali kan faɗuwar ganye, duk aiki tare da dasa bishiyoyi zai fi kyau kawai bayan an gama.
Yawancin lokaci, itacen zai ɗauki daga kwanaki 15 zuwa 25 zuwa tushen, ya danganta da nau'ikan, a cikin tazara daga 20 ga Satumba zuwa 20 ga Oktoba.
Wato, kuna da kusan wata ɗaya don dasa bishiyar itacen apple, amma yanzu bari muyi magana game da fasalin dashen kaka.
La'akari da mafi yawancin wurare masu sauka, akwai ƙaramin ragi dangane da ƙarin aiki.
Matasa sun fi fuskantar daskarewa fiye da tsofaffin bishiyoyi, saboda haka, bayan sun dasa, sai a rufe asalinsu da manyan rassa, ko kuma a yi amfani da ciyawar da aka yankakke.
amma zaɓi na kaka yana da fa'ida da ba za a iya musantawa ba:
- an dasa shukokin da suka dace a lokacin sanyi daidai sun sami tushe kuma sun sami ƙarfi, kuma da zuwan bazara suna fara girma cikin girma;
- daga baya a cikin bazara, koyaushe za a sami ƙarin fa'ida ga asalin itacen daga ƙasa mai laima tare da rubabben takin;
- dasa kaka yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa rigakafin sanyi a cikin itacen apple.
Yadda ake dasa bishiya a bazara
Idan da wasu dalilai na haƙiƙa ba ku iya sarrafa shuken itacen apple a cikin kaka ba, koyaushe akwai zaɓi na faɗuwa. Tabbas, zai sanya ku yi sauri kadan, tunda zaka sami karancin lokacin sauka sosai kamar na kaka.
Wannan lokacin yawanci yana kasa da wata daya, ya kamata kayi sauri gama aiki kafin tsakiyar watan Mayu... Bugu da ƙari, muna nuna halaye masu kyau da marasa kyau na saukowa.
Bari mu fara da masu kyau a lokacin bazara babu sauran buƙatar tsoran daskarewar asalin itacen... Koyaya, matsaloli da yawa suna jiran ku yayin zaɓar shukar bazara:
- a lokacin hunturu, danshi yakan shiga cikin kasa, kuma sabon bishiyar zai zama an shayar dashi da tsari da yalwa;
- kayan shuka koyaushe yafi tsada kuma yana da wahalar samun abu mai inganci koda kuwa a gidajen gandun daji ne.
Soilasa ta bushe da sauri a bazara, wanda zai shafi tasirin bazara na itacen apple, idan baya kiyaye laima a matakin daya.
Ta hanyar sanya tushen bishiyar a cikin ruwan sanyi a kowace rana, ta haka zaku kiyaye su sosai tun kafin ku dasa a cikin ƙasa.
Cikakken ciyawar busasshiyar ciyawa ko humus zai taimaka wajen haɓaka sakamakonwannan zai buƙaci a ɗora shi a gindin itacen itacen apple. Wannan zai hana saman saman bushewa da saurin ciyawar.
Babban kuskure
Menene za'a iya kiransa babban kuskure a dasa itacen apple? Masu lambu har yanzu suna yarda da mafi yawan take hakkokin lokacin da suke dasa shuki, kuma suna da wani ɓangare yayin kula da itace. Anan akwai mahimman bayanai
Lokacin saukowa
Dasa bishiyar itacen apple da zurfi sosai a cikin rami mafi damuwa, kuma, watakila, mafi mahimmancin kulawa na sabbin lambu.
Itacen zai yi girma sannu a hankali, tunda ba a ƙayyade iyakar dasa dangane da abin wuya (ɓangaren gangar jikin daga tushen har zuwa rawanin ta ba).
Masu farawa, siyan daji daga gidan gandun daji, wanda kuma bugu da kari yana da dasawa sama da abin wuya, har zuwa kusan 8 cm, galibi ya rikita su yayin dasa bishiya a gabanta.
Abinda aka saba dashi don shuki shine wurin tushen abin wuya a matakin ƙasa ko sama da santimita biyu.
Ina tushen abin wuya a jikin akwati? Ba shi da wahala a yanke hukunci ta hanyar yin amfani da rigar a kanta. Don haka, inda launi zai canza daga kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa, akwai iyakar sosai.
Lokacin tafiya
Shayar da itaciya, gami da lokacin dasa shuki, tare da wadataccen takin ma'adinai zai lalata microflorawanda kwayoyin cuta masu kyau basa iya rayuwa.
Kiyaye yanayin daidai gwargwadon umarnin da masana'antun takin suka bayar akan kowane kunshin, kar ayi amfani da urea da ammonium nitrate a shekarar farko ta rayuwar bishiyar.
Hakanan za'a iya fada don ciyar da itacen daji. Babu wani hali ba za ku iya amfani da sabo ko rubabben taki ba.
Ta hanyar gabatar da irin wannan kwalliyar, zaku hallakar da bishiyoyin apple, tunda ammoniya da hydrogen sulfide da aka sakasu ta hanyar sabo taki kawar da oxygen daga kasar da ke karkashin tushen.
Yadda za a zabi 'ya'yan itace daidai
Babban mahimmancin zaɓin shine a ƙayyade ainihin yanayin ƙwayoyin, wato, dacewarsa don haɓaka da ingantaccen frua effectivea.
Rashin fahimtar halaye masu kyau na itace mai kyau zai haifar da itacen fruita eitheran ko dai ya dau tsawon lokaci don bunkasa ko bushewa.
Girman da yawan asalin itacen apple suna da muhimmiyar mahimmanci akan aikinta. Don neman babbar bishiyar tsire-tsire, da fatan girma bishiyar itacen apple, na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako.
Kula da yanayin da yawa su a cikin tushen tsarin. Tabbas, babban shuka yana da yawancin su, kuma galibi sun lalace, tunda sun girma a cikin wuraren nursery kuma an haƙa ta hanyar inji (garma).
Bayan da aka dasa irin wannan daji, zai zama dole a hanzarta yanke dukkan rassa na kambin bishiyar, in ba haka ba rassan zasu bushe ko su yi ciwo saboda tushen da ya karye.
Yaro dan shekara daya yana da karamin tushe kuma koyaushe lafiyayye ne... Da kyau, kuma banda haka, bai kamata ku yi sauri don siyan itacen apple tare da buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen gabanin ranar shuka ba, wanda yake daidai yake da kowane lokacin shuka. Dajin daji kawai ba zai sami tushe ba, amma tuni zai yi wahala a cece shi.
Akwai hanya guda daya: saka shi a cikin ginshiki kafin saukainda ake kiyaye zafin jiki daga 0 zuwa -40 C.
Shirya shafin
Da farko, zabi wuri mai dacewa ka haƙa rami. Shirye-shiryen shuki na iya bambanta dangane da yanayin noman ƙasar da abin da ya ƙunsa.
Matsayi na ƙa'ida, zaka iya dasa bishiya a rami 10-12 bayan an gama shirya wurin... Ramin ya zama ya zama cewa tushen zai iya kutsa kai cikin sa ba tare da lankwasawa ba.
A wannan lokacin, kasar gona za ta dumama ta zauna, kuma saiwar ba za ta sake faduwa kasa da abin wuyan tushen ba. Banda shine dasa kaka, don haka kuna buƙatar tsayayya makonni 3-4.
Yana da kyau a raba ƙasar da aka zaɓa zuwa gida biyu: babba da tushe. Sannan dole ne a share dukkanin ƙasar daga ciyawa. A lokacin shuka, yawanci ana rufe ƙasa ta sama ƙarƙashin tushen.
Shirya aƙalla gram 800 na toka da taki ga kowane daji... Idan humus ne, to bai wuce guga ɗaya ba. Yawan takin mai magani karami ne sosai, yawanci bai fi kilogiram 1 ba.
Kuma kuma game da nau'ikan ƙasa, tunda hanyar shiri zata dogara da wannan:
- tare da ƙasa mai kyau da sassauƙa a hankali, ramin yana da zurfin 35 cm kuma 45 a faɗi;
- tare da ƙasa mai nauyi 70 a cikin zurfin da mita a faɗi;
- idan wannan ƙasa ce, wanda ya haɗa da dutsen da aka niƙare da yumɓu mai laushi, to sai a yi ƙoƙari a haƙa rami 90 cm, kuma yin faɗin kaɗan ya fi 120 cm.
An zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin rami kuma sake sakewa... Sannan su bar hutu don asalin sai su jira kwanan watan shuka.
Dabarar dasa bishiyoyi
Duk busashen harbe ya sare bishiyar bishiyar... Yawanci yana da hankali barin fiye da biyar. Daga nan sai a buge fegen katako a cikin rami na tushen 2/3 na tsawon sa, sannan sai a saukar da asalin itaciyar kanta.
Daga nan sai a hankali a hankali a zuba ƙasa a cikin ramin kuma a rufe shi da wani sashi. Yakamata ayi wannan kusan zuwa gefen ramin, barin rami don riƙe ruwa.
Don kaucewa fasa itacen bishiyar, ƙulla shi da igiya zuwa fegi... Sai kawai bayan wannan aikin zaku iya shayar da ruwa sosai a asalin, har zuwa kusan bokitai na ruwa 5, ya danganta da lokacin shuka.
Sauran ramin ya kamata a mulched tare da sawdust ko humus.
Kulawa da shuka
Pruning busassun rassan da systematized dace watering su ne sinadaran cin nasarar noman apple da sanyi juriya na bishiyar.
Kullum sassauta kasar gona a karkashin daji kuma ta hana ciyawar girma.
Idan furanni sun bayyana a shekara ta biyu, yawanci ana cire su.kamar yadda fure ne mara kyau. Bayan girbi na farko na 'ya'yan itatuwa, rivet rassan, cire busassun.
Har tsakiyar lokacin rani yana da mahimmanci a yi aƙalla ciyarwar nitrogen sau biyar, dangane da takin mai ma'adinai da na halitta.
Rabin kalmomi ga mai kula da lambu
Fatan hakan wadannan nasihu masu sauki zasu taimake ka ba kawai daidai kaga itacen apple baamma kuma a kai a kai ana samun kyawawan 'ya'yan itace.
Don yin wannan, a kowace shekara saka idanu akan yanayin bishiyar, yanke rassan cuta kuma kar a manta da ruwa akan lokaci.