Mafi mashahuri tsakanin masu aikin lambu sune iri waɗanda za'a iya shuka su duka a cikin greenhouses da kuma a buɗe gado. Yawan amfanin ƙasa shine ɗayan manyan ƙa'idojin kimanta tumatir. Kolkhoz da ke samar da iri-iri, ko, kamar yadda ake kiransa, Kolkhoznitsa, ya yi daidai da sunansa. Za ku sami bayanin halayen tumatir a cikin labarin.
Bayani da halaye na nau'ikan tumatir Kolkhoz da suke bayarwa
Wannan nau'ikan an rarraba shi azaman matsakaici-ripening iri-iri. Yana jure yanayin bushe da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Gandun daji yana da rassa, yana yaduwa semi, a tsayi ya kai daga santimita 60 zuwa mita 1. Ripening lokaci 100-110 kwanaki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne zagaye, ja, jiki mai ƙarfi, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano. Nauyin nauyin 'ya'yan itace daga gram 95 zuwa 115.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Abubuwan fa'idodi iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- babban abun ciki na abubuwan bincike da bitamin;
- kyakkyawan dandano;
- duniya na aikace-aikace;
- juriya ga canjin yanayi;
- saukin kulawa;
- babban juriya ga cuta;
- kyakkyawar zirga-zirga;
- ba mai saurin fasa ba;
- gabatarwa mai kyau;
- girbin girbi;
- samuwar 'ya'yan itace lokaci daya;
- yiwuwar girma iri biyu da wadanda ba tsirrai ba.
Iyakar abin da raunin da ke cikin wannan nau'ikan shine kwasfa mai ƙarfi. Lokacin shirya salati ko ruwan sarrafa abubuwa, yana barin mummunan ra'ayi, kodayake lokacin da aka ɗora kan hanya mai nisa, babu shakka wannan fa'ida ce.
Shirya iri
Kyakkyawan shuki ne kawai za'a iya girma daga ingantattun tsaba don shuka. Ana aiwatar da shiri a matakai da yawa:
- Zabin iri... Don zaɓar tsaba masu inganci, kuna buƙatar zuba maganin sodium chloride a cikin gilashin gilashi kuma tsoma tsaba a ciki na fewan mintoci kaɗan. Yi watsi da irin da suka tashi zuwa farfajiyar, sannan ka wanke waɗanda suka nitse zuwa ƙasan ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu.
- Kwayar cuta... Don rigakafin cututtuka, dole ne a jika tsaba na mintina 15 a cikin maganin kashi 1% na sinadarin potassium, ko a cikin maganin 2% na hydrogen peroxide na minti 10. Sannan ana kula da tsaba tare da haɓakar haɓaka.
- Jiƙa. Bayan aiki, ana nitsar da ƙwaya a cikin zane kuma ana nitsar da su cikin kwandon gilashi da ruwa don rufe rabin ƙwayayen kawai. Ana aiwatar da aikin soaking cikin awanni 10. Cire adiko da tsaba sau uku daga ruwan, maye gurbin ruwan, sai bar irin ya zama iska.
- Germination... Domin tsaba su bada kyawon shuka da girbi na baya, dole ne a shuka su kafin suyi shuka a cikin ƙasa. Sanya seedsa seedsan da aka jika a kan mayaƙi mai danshi su bar har sai tsiro ya bayyana. Tabbatar cewa adiko na goge baki koyaushe yana da danshi. Zafin ɗakin ya zama aƙalla + digiri 20.
- Eningarfafa... Tsarin shirya iri na ƙarshe yana da taurin zuciya. Ana gudanar da wannan aikin ne don yabanya ya daidaita da sauyin yanayi kuma ya ba da mafi kyaun girbi. Bayan germination, sanya tsaba a cikin firiji tsawon awanni 14 (zafin jiki bai fi na +2 digiri ba). Sannan ana zafin na tsawon awanni 14 (zafin jiki bai kasa da +22 digiri ba).
Shuka tumatir
Shuka iri dole ne a za'ayi a cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na Fabrairu. Kafin shuka iri, dole ne ku shirya ƙasa ta musamman. Don yin wannan, a cikin sassan daidai, haɗa ƙasar daga gonar, yashi yashi kogi, peat.
Mafi kyawun ƙasar da ta dace daga gonar, wacce ta girma zucchini, cucumbers, karas, farin kabeji.
Don daidaita acidity, ƙara gra 200 na ash. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a kashe ƙasa da magani mai ƙarfi na sinadarin potassium ko mai zafi a kan kuka. An zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin kwantena na katako, an daidaita su kuma an sanya ramuka zurfin 1 cm.
Ana shuka tsaba da aka toka a cikin rami a nesa na 2 cm daga juna, an yafa masa ƙasa da slightlyan ƙarami. Kaurin ƙasa shine 0.5 cm. An shayar da ƙasa sosai, an rufe shi da gilashi kuma an ɗauke shi zuwa ɗaki mai duhu tare da zafin jiki na + 25 digiri.
Bayan kwanaki 5, lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, cire gilashin kuma canja kwalaye tare da tsire-tsire zuwa ɗaki tare da haske mai kyau. Bayan ganye 2 sun bayyana akan shukokin, dole ne a dasa su zuwa tukwane daban tare da damar lita 1.
Dasa shuki a hankali, tare da dunkulen duniya, don kar ya lalata tsarin tushe mai rauni. Bayan dasawa, ana shuka tsire-tsire tare da maganin daskararriyar saniya ko taki kaza. Mullein ana kiwo ne a wani rabo na 1:10, kashin kaji 1:15. Yakamata a maimaita manyan sutura bayan kwana 30 bayan tsirowarta, sannan na gaba ya kamata ayi kwanaki 15 bayan na biyu.
Mako guda kafin dasawa don buɗe gadaje, ana buƙatar tsire-tsire. Don yin wannan, a karo na farko kwana biyu, fitar da tukwane tare da tsirrai na tsawan awa 2 a waje. Sannan ana barin shukar a waje ko'ina cikin yini. Kwana 2 kafin su sauka a cikin lambu na dare, ba'a shigo dasu cikin dakin ba.
Shuka a buɗaɗɗun gadaje
Ana dasa shuki a cikin gadaje a tsakiyar watan Mayu. Yankin da ake shirin dasa shuki ya kamata ya zama yana haskaka da hasken rana.
Ba a ba da shawarar dasa shuki na tumatir a yankin da barkono, dankali, da na kwaya suka yi girma a baya ba.
A cikin ƙasa da aka shirya, ana haƙa ramuka a nesa na 70-90 cm daga juna, kuma ya zama aƙalla mita 1 tsakanin layuka. Nisa mafi kusa da shuki ga juna zai rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙara haɗarin cututtuka.
Ya kamata bakuna su kasance masu zurfin domin saiwar ta dace daidai da dunƙulen ƙasa kuma an binne gangar jikin zuwa ƙananan ganye. Yayyafa ramin da ƙasa, ku ɗanɗana shi kadan, yi ramuka kusa da ramin don ban ruwa. Bayan dasawa, yakamata a shayar da shukar sosai. Wannan zai taimaka wa tsirrai su yi jijiya sosai. Bayan ɗan lokaci, dole ne a ɗaura daji da goyan baya a tsayin 15-20 cm.
Kulawa da shuka
A lokacin girma, shuke-shuke suna buƙatar saitin matakan kulawa:
- Cire ciyawar da ke ɗauke da abinci daga ƙasa.
- Yin mulching.
- Kullum dace watering (kasar gona dole ne m). Wuce wuce gona da iri zai haifar da tushen ruɓa. Shayar da sassafe.
- Pinching harbe (bar daji a daya ko biyu mai tushe).
- Cire duk ƙananan harbe da ganye a tsawo na 20 cm.
- Yin aiki na lokaci-lokaci na tsire-tsire domin hana cututtuka.
Girbi
'Ya'yan wannan nau'ikan sun balaga cikin kwanaki 100-110 daga lokacin shuka. Ripening yana faruwa tsakanin kwanaki 14-21. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ana ɗaukar su cikakke lokacin da launinsu ya yi ja sosai.
Ana ba da shawarar a girbe 'ya'yan itacen a kai a kai don kauce wa cika daji.
Tumatir na wannan nau'in suna da tsawon rai. Kuna buƙatar adana 'ya'yan itacen a zazzabi na digiri + 10-15. Zaka iya amfani da thea fruitsan itacen duka ɗanye don yin salati, da gwangwani, yin kishi, taliya, biredi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace.
Bambancin tumatir Kolkhoz mai 'ya'ya za a iya girma har ma da masu kula da lambu. Tare da rashin dacewarta da kuma yawan amfanin gona, wannan nau'ikan ya sami kyakkyawan bita da yawa da kuma son masu lambu.