Raspaukaka wasu suna ɗauka mai sauƙi ne. Amma dayawa basu sani ba don shuka girbi mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano, kuna buƙatar sanin wasu asirai dasa shuki da kulawa da wannan amfanin gona da alama bashi da kyau.
Shuka bishiyoyi a ƙasar
Ina shuka?
Ta hanyar zaɓar wurin da ya dace don dasa bishiyoyin rasberi, za ku wadatar da kanku da tsayayyen girbi na 'ya'yan itacen marmari da zaƙi.
Yawancin lokaci lambu suna ware wurare mafi ɓarnata don dasa shuki. Ba daidai bane. Girbin ba shi da muhimmanci.
Don Berry ya zama mai daɗi, kuna buƙatar rana... Rasberi shuki ne mai son danshi. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuraren don shi:
- Hasken rana.
- An kiyaye shi daga iska.
- Rigar, amma ba dausayi ba (yana da kyau idan akwai tarin dusar ƙanƙara a wannan wurin a lokacin sanyi).
- Tare da ƙasa mai ni'ima.
Yaushe ne mafi kyawun lokacin shuka - a kaka ko bazara?
Za'a iya dasa bishiyoyin Rasberi a kowane yanayi mai dumi, amma mafi kyawu lokacin shuka shine kaka.
A cikin kaka, mafi kyau rabo na zazzabi da zafi. Bishiyoyi da aka kafe a cikin kaka suna girma cikin sauri a cikin bazara kuma ba su da rashin lafiya.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin bazara, shukar tana samun saiwa na dogon lokaci. kuma yawan rayuwa bai kai na dasa kaka ba.
Dole a shirya ƙasa don bushes bushes a gaba. Idan an dasa bishiyoyi a cikin kaka, to An shirya ramuka masu sauka bayan wata daya kafin saukarsu.
Don dasa shuki, ana shirya ramuka a lokacin bazara. Yabon da ba a shuka shi ba saboda wasu dalilai ya kamata a binne shi a lokacin bazara. A lokacin bazara, yana da mahimmanci a sami lokaci don dasa tsire-tsire da aka binne kafin ɓullan farka.
Hanyoyi na asali
Ana dasa Raspberries a shafin tare mahara, rami ko rami... Kuma hanyar bisa ga hanyar Sobolev shima abin sha'awa ne. Menene bambanci?
Mahara
Raspberries, an dasa shi a cikin mahara, ajiye lokaci akan kula da ita... Lessasa shayarwa, yana da dacewa don rufewa don hunturu, yawan amfanin ƙasa na 'ya'yan itace yana ƙaruwa.
Tare maharaka saukar da dokoki:
- Zaba wuri mai haske.
- Don hasken haske na itacen rasberi, ba da umarnin rami daga arewa zuwa kudu.
- Tsawon ramuka ba shi da tsari, amma zurfin 60-70 cm kuma 40-50 cm faɗi.
- Idan akwai layuka fiye da ɗaya, to, nisan da ke tsakanin su aƙalla 1.5 m.
- Ana buƙatar sauƙaƙa ƙasa mai nauyi mai nauyi. Zuba wani yanki mai laushi na 10-15 cm na tsakuwa ko yashi a ƙasan maron. Mix ƙasa tare da humus. Yada takin mai ma'adinai a saman sa 1 sq m:
- 200 grams na phosphorus;
- 60-70 grams na potash;
- 300-400 grams na itacen itace.
- zaka iya amfani da takin mai rikitarwa: gram 200 na nitroammofosk ko nitrophoska.
- Mix komai sosai. Yi sama tare da 10 cm na ƙasa mai ni'ima. Bar 30-40 cm na sarari kyauta zuwa saman ramin.
- Thearfafa gefuna da bumpers. Kada su ragargaje. Ya dace da ƙarfafawa: allon, rufin kwano ko polycarbonate.
- Shigar da T-posts daga ƙarshen mahara. Tsayin 1 m.
- Zafin hankali 2 layuka na waya. Daga ƙasa a 30-40 cm kuma tare saman matakan.
- Shuka tsirrai a layi ɗaya da nisan 1 m tsakanin shuke-shuke.
- Tona ramuka. Sanya shuka. Rufe ƙasa. Don tsire ya tsaya da ƙarfi, ya daidaita ƙasa a kusa da bole.
- Ruwa a matakai biyu, a ƙananan rabo, har sai ƙasar ta cika da danshi. Bayan shayarwa, ana bada shawara don mulmula ƙasa a kewayen raspberries. Wannan zai hana shi bushewa ya kiyaye maka matsalar wahala na sako-sako da sako-sako. Peat, humus, Pine needles ko takin sun dace kamar ciyawa.
- Yakamata a daure Saplings a waya yayin da suke girma. Fara garter daga ƙananan tiers.
Hanyar tare mahara na girma raspberries yana da tasiri, amma zaɓi ne kuma dace da babban itacen rasberi.
Dimple
Idan kuna da ƙaramin rasberi, to ya fi kyau ku dasa su a cikin rami ko ta hanyar daji, biye da kambi mai kamannin fan. Ya kamata a shirya ramuka makonni biyu kafin a dasa.
Dokokin saukowa:
- Tona ramuka zurfin 35-40 cm kuma nisa. Tsakanin ramuka daga 0.6 m zuwa 1 m.
- Cika da ƙasa mai kyau:
- 5-6 kilogiram na humus;
- 150 grams na superphosphate biyu;
- 50 grams na potassium sulfate;
- 200 grams na itacen toka.
- Zuba ruwan magani a ƙasan ramin, sai a ɗora 10 cm na ƙasa a sarari.
- Sanya shinge a kewaye da itacen rasberi. Allo, rufin rufi, slate ko polycarbonate zasu yi.
- Gyara tushen 'yan Sanzhenia har sai sun sami lafiya. Yanke harbe. Bar 35-40 cm.
- Asa tsire, yada tushen kuma rufe shi da ƙasa. Alirƙiri kusa da tushe.
- A lokacin dasa shuki, abin wuya na tushe ya zama ya fi matakin ƙasa girman santimita 3-4. Bayan ƙasa ta daidaita, zai kasance a matakin ƙasa.
- Bayan an dasa bishiyoyin, a basu ruwa. Ya kamata a yi ruwa a cikin allurai 2-3 a ƙananan rabo. Har sai kasar gona ta cika da danshi.
- Ciyawa ƙasar a kusa da akwatin. Don wannan, humus, peat, sawdust ko yankakken ciyawa sun dace.
A cewar Sobolev
A cewar masu kula da lambu, suna shuka busan itacen rasberi ne kawai a cikin ƙasar ta amfani da hanyar Sobolev, yana yiwuwa a iya kaiwa kilo 5 na 'ya'yan itace daga daji.
Don haka, menene hanya:
- Shirya gadaje da wuraren shuka. Mun zabi wuri mai haske kuma muka sanya dutsen daga arewa zuwa kudu ko daga gabas zuwa yamma.
- Wanƙwasa ɓangarorin daga allunan ko sanya su daga kan layi. Yana da mahimmanci gadon yakai cm 20 sama da matakin ƙasa.
- Faɗin gadon ya kai mita 1. Tsawon ya yi yawa kamar shuke-shuken shuke-shuken. Nisa tsakanin tsirrai yakai aƙalla mita 1. busaƙanƙƙan da aka dasa da ƙarancin haske sun fi kyau haske kuma an busa su. Yana da dacewa don kula da su. An rage yawan cututtuka. Wannan qara yawan amfanin ƙasa na raspberries.
- Raspberries an dasa su a kan tudu a farkon kaka.
- Ana haƙa rami tare da nisa na cm 30 * 30. An shuka iri ɗaya.
- Yi trellises.
Ba a ba da shawarar dasa shuki fiye da ɗaya a cikin rami ɗaya ba.... Raspberries suna ta girma a wuri ɗaya sama da shekaru 15, saboda haka dazuzzuka da yawa a wuri ɗaya zasu tsoma baki tare.
Amfanin rasberi ta wannan hanyar shima ya dogara da daidai pruning... A cikin bazara, bayan raspberries ba matasa harbe, gudanar da farko pruning.
A ƙarshen Mayu ko farkon Yuni, yanke daga nisan 80-100 cm daga ƙasa. Ya dace a kula da dazuzzuka a wannan tsayin. Basu jingina zuwa ƙasa ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona ba.
A cikin shekara ta biyu, aiwatar da na biyu pruning na bushes... Ya kamata a yanke harbe a kaikaice na cm 10. Da wannan tsiron, daji ya zama kamar ƙaramin itace.
Yana samar da ƙwanan furanni da yawa waɗanda ake ɗaura 'ya'yan itace. A sakamakon haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa a kan daji yana ƙaruwa.
Ba a ba da shawarar barin zuriya da suka girma a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi fiye da guda 4-5. Sauran 'ya'yan an yanke su, kuma tare da sauran an datse su kamar na babban tushe.
Dangane da hanyar Sobolev zai fi kyau a dasa offspringa strongan strongaura zuwa sabon wuri, a kuma yanke sauran harbe-harben... Sabili da haka, iri-iri da aka saba dasu suna jujjuyawar wani. Gandun daji yana ba da 'ya'ya har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Baya ga yankewa, raspberries kuma suna buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, wanda ya ƙunshi shayarwa, ciyarwa da mulching.
Bayan kafa gado bisa ga hanyar Sobolev, mai lambu baya buƙatar tonowa da sassauta ƙasa. Rasberi shuki ne mai son danshi, saboda haka dole ne a sami ban ruwa a kan lokaci kuma ba lallai ba ne don ƙyale ƙasar ta bushe.
Yayyafa ciyawa a kan dutsen don kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa. Idan za ta yiwu, to yana da kyau a yi amfani da taki sabo a matsayin ciyawa... Ana amfani da taki a matsayin taki kuma tana kiyaye ƙasa daga bushewa da ciyawa.
Idan babu taki, to sai mu mulke gonar ta hanyoyin masu araha. Launin ciyawa ya zama aƙalla 10 cm.
Duk da taki na gonar, yiwuwar rashin abubuwan gina jiki... Za'a iya tantance shi ta hanyar nau'in shuki: harbe sun zama sirara kuma raunana, launin ganye ya canza - suna birgima, aibobi sun bayyana kuma gefuna sun bushe.
A wannan yanayin Ya kamata a yi takin gargajiya: Drizzle da mullein jiko ko kaza poop tare da itacen itace.
Yadda ake hada jiko: tara tataccen saniya a sulusin akwatin sai a cika shi da ruwa zuwa sama. Nace kwana 2.
Don shayarwa, dole ne a tsarma shi cikin ruwa 1:10. Wato, ɗauki lita 1 na jiko akan guga na ruwa, ƙara gilashin toka na itace. Dama sosai kuma zuba akan raspberries.
Kafin ka rufe raspberries don hunturu, kuna buƙatar yanke branchesa bearingan bearinga bearingan itace masu tushe a asalin. Ya kamata matasa masu tushe na kakar yanzu su lanƙwasa a hankali zuwa ƙasa kuma a ƙulla su da cokula masu yatsu.
Yanzu rufe mai lankwasa mai tushe don hunturu. Rufe da rassan da aka yi ma baftisma, kuma a rufe saman da yarn da ba saƙa, kwalba ko kowane kayan da ake da su. A lokacin hunturu, za a rufe masaukin wucin gadi da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda zai hana shi daga daskarewa.
Yadda ake shuka raspberries daga tsaba
Mutane da yawa iri na raspberries zai yiwu a yi girma daga tsaba... Tsarin yana cin lokaci, amma mai ban sha'awa. Me ake bukata don wannan?
- Sayi 'ya'yan rasberi daga shagon ko karɓar' ya'yan itacen da ba su da kyau na nau'ikan da kuka fi so.
- Matsi da Berry ta cikin cheesecloth. Sakamakon shine gruel. Mun tsarma wannan gruel din da ruwa sannan mu wanke tsaba. 'Ya'yan fanko zasu yi iyo a saman. Ba a bukatarsu. Tattara sauran bushe.
Za'a iya dasa tsaba a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko a girma cikin tukwane a gida.
A cikin filin bude
A farkon Satumba, a cikin gado na musamman na lambu, shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 2 cm... Rufe da humus da yashi daga sama.
Mun bar tsaba don hunturu. A lokacin bazara tsaba za su tsiro. Carearin kulawa kamar yadda aka saba.
A cikin tukwanen filawa
Don shuka shuki a cikin tukwane, dole ne a tsaba iri... Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin rigar adiko a cikin firiji na makonni biyu.
Bayan dasa shuki a tukwane ko akwati na musamman. Shirya sako-sako da duniya Mix peat da ƙasa a cikin rabo na 50 * 50.
Shuka a cikin tukwane a watan Maris: dasa tsaba zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm, ruwa kowane kwana 3. Hakanan ya kamata ku yi takin kowane kwana 10 tare da urea.
Bayan tsaba ta tsiro muna shuka shuki kafin farawar zafi... Sa'an nan kuma dasa shuki rasberi cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Yanzu kun sani game da yadda ake shuka raspberries ta hanyoyi daban-dabanyadda za a kula da ita, yadda ake shuka raspberries daga tsaba. Wannan zai taimaka muku girma girbi mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano.
Raba labarin tare da abokanka, kazalika da biyan kuɗi ga sabbin labarai.