Zazzaɓin alade na Afirka (ASF) an san shi a matsayin ɗayan mahimman cututtuka masu haɗari. Yawan mace-macen dabbobi da na gida ya yi yawa matuka. Kwayar ta shafi dukkan dabbobi, ba tare da la'akari da shekaru da ingancin aladen ba... Labari mai dadi shine ASF bata yaduwa ga mutane, amma tana haifar da babbar asara ga harkar noma, domin har yanzu basu inganta wani magani wanda zai magance wannan cutar ba. A cikin wannan labarin, zaku koya game da alamun wannan cutar da yadda ake kiyaye ta.
Zazzabin alade na Afirka
Zazzabin alade na Afirka cuta ce ta dabbobi mai saurin yaduwa. Tushen cuta - DNA da ke dauke da kwayar. Ya kasance na wani rukunin daban. Akwai nau'ikan A da B na wannan kwayar cutar, kazalika da nau'ikan nau'ikan C. Yana da tsayayya ga yanayin zafin jiki, ba ya baiwa kansa daskarewa, lalacewa da bushewa.
ASF ta zo mana daga Afirka ta Kudu... An rubuta alamun farko na bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka a cikin 1903. Bayan haka, kwayar cutar ta bayyana a Fotigal da Spain, kuma daga can a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. A yau, akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da annoba a kowane yanki na duniya.
Kwayar cutar tana dauke da aladu masu cutar ko waɗanda aka dawo dasuwanda ke ɗaukar kwayar cutar har zuwa watanni 18.
Kamuwa da cuta yana shiga cikin jiki ta lalacewar fata, fata, jini, cizon kwari, tare da gurɓataccen abinci da alimentary. Tare da bayyanar alamun farko, kusan kashi 37% na yawan mutanen sun kamu da cutar. Wannan cuta tana da haɗari, ba tare da la’akari da inda dabbar take ba.
Alamomin farko da alamu
Lokacin hayayyafar cutar yana makonni 1-2. Sabili da haka, ba koyaushe ake samun damar gano asali kai tsaye ba kuma daidai. Ya danganta da irin cutar, alamu daban-daban sun bayyana:
- babba zafin jiki (sama da 40 ° C);
- rashin ci;
- bayyanuwar rashin kulawa;
- an hana numfashi;
- excretion daga hanci da idanu;
- a wasu lokuta - zoben;
- matsananci, maras hankali harka;
- motsi mara kyau;
- rashin aiki na gastrointestinal tract;
- bruising, subcutaneous edema;
- m zazzabi;
- namoniya;
Saboda bambancin alamun (kwayar cutar maye gurbi), maiyuwa basu bayyana a cikin dabbobi duka ba.
Na zamani da kuma rashin sihiri na cutar
Ya danganta da irin cutar, rarrabe tsakanin cututtukan yau da kullun.
Bala'i mai tsafta na iya daukar tsawon watanni biyu ko fiye. Aladu suna fama da cutar gudawa, yawan zazzabi, rashin cin abinci, ciwon huhu. Dabbobi suna rasa nauyi, wrinkles na fata, raunuka sun bayyana a kunnuwa, wutsiya da gabar jiki. Tare da wannan nau'in cutar, alamun asibiti na iya bambanta sosai. Duk yanayin kamuwa da cuta yana kare ne da dabba mai saurin mutuwa.... Ba a cire kwayar cutar daga jiki, kuma waɗannan aladu sun kasance masu ɗaukar cutar.
Wani nau'in kwayar cutar Amurka Yawancin lokaci ana gano shi a cikin aladu masu shayarwa da masu shan nono waɗanda ke da rigakafin haihuwa, ko kuma sun kamu da kwayar cuta mai rauni na serogroup B. A farkon matakan cutar, ana nuna annoba a asibiti ta ƙin cin abinci, conjunctivitis, da kuma rauni. Wasu aladu suna warkewa gaba ɗaya, yayin da sauran ke haifar da rikitarwa tare da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu. Saboda wannan, tsananin ciwon huhu da gastroenterocolitis suka bayyana, wanda ya ƙare da mutuwar dabbar cikin kwanaki uku. Aladu masu cutar ba su warke sarai ba kuma suna kasancewa masu ɗauke da cutar na dogon lokaci. Mutuwar mutum a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta 30 - 60%.
Har yanzu ba a samar da ingantacciyar rigakafin wannan cuta ba, kuma babu magunguna da za su iya warkar da ita. Yawan mace-macen dabbobi marasa lafiya ya kusan 100%.
ASF ganewar asali
Ba tare da gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ba, ba zai yuwu a kafa ingantaccen bincike na annobar Afirka ba. Ana gudanar da ganewar asali bisa la'akari da ilimin cututtukan cuta da na epizootological, alamomin asibiti da sakamakon gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Don wannan, ana ɗaukar samfurin jini daga dabbobi marasa lafiya, kuma ana ɗaukan gutsuren gaɓoɓin daga gawarwakin.
Isar da ƙwayoyin hanta daga karin dabbobi ana aiwatarwa idan za a iya ware kwayar cutar kuma a kafa ta. An canza jigidar halittar a cikin tsari mai inganci, kuma an kawo ta cikin kankanin lokaci. Sabili da haka, ana sanya kowane ƙwayar a cikin jakar mutum sannan a cikin akwati tare da kankara. Kada gutsure ya daskareni, sauki sanyaya ya isa.
Samfurin jini don maganin cututtukan enzyme mai haɗaka (ELISA) ya kamata a karɓa daga dabbobin da suka daɗe ba su da lafiya ko kuma suna hulɗa da aladun da suka kamu da cutar, kuma tare da tuhuma da kamuwa da cutar.
Maganin ƙwayar cuta, keɓewa
Har yau, ba a kirkiro magunguna don yaƙi da wannan cuta ba, kuma Ana daukar zazzabin alade na Afirka mai saurin kisa... A lokacin farko na kamuwa da cuta, wanda ya haifar da shakku game da ASF, wasu gonakin aladu suna ba da rigakafin gaggawa ga duk dabbobi. Irin waɗannan matakan suna ba da damar ceton wasu aladun da suka kamu da cutar. Fasahar dabbobi, duk dabbobin an yanka su a cikin keɓaɓɓen yanki da ƙone gawawwaki.
Hanyoyin gargajiya na rigakafin cututtuka
Domin, don hana kamuwa da cuta naman alade, duka tare da mai shafar gargajiya da ASF, ya kamata bi waɗannan dokokin:
- siyan abinci a wuraren da babu ƙwayoyin cuta. Jiyya mai zafi kafin a ciyar;
- a tsare yi wa gonakin da kuma wuraren adana abincikazalika da jiyya a kan ire-iren cutuka masu yawa;
- hana aladu yin mu'amala da dabbobi daga wasu gonaki, dabbobin gida da tsuntsaye masu cin nama wadanda ke daukar kamuwa da cuta;
- kar a kawo kayan aikin da ba kwayar cutar a gonar alade, kazalika da safara daga gurbataccen yankin da ba a sarrafa shi ba;
- saya aladu kawai tare da takaddun dabbobiwanda ke tabbatar da bayanan lafiyar dabba. Ya kamata a keɓe aladen da aka gabatar kafin a gabatar da su a cikin babban alkalami;
- a kai a kai yi rigakafi daga manyan cututtuka, kar ka manta da gudanar da binciken dabbobi. Gudanar da kisan dabbobi a wurare na musamman.
A wata 'yar alamar tuhumar kamuwa da cutar, dole ne a kebe alade, kuma dole ne a rufe damar yin amfani da wasu dabbobin. Idan ya cancanta, aika don yanka.
Shin zazzabin alade na Afirka yana da haɗari ga mutane kuma ana iya cin irin wannan naman?
Idan kayi tambaya: "Shin yana da daraja don jin tsoron wannan cutar ga mutum?" Ga mutane, wannan cutar ba ta da wani haɗari na musamman.... Mafi mahimmancin, ba a sami rikodin kamuwa da cutar ɗan adam ba. Za'a iya amfani da kayan dabbobi marasa lafiya wajan dafa abinci bayan an sha magani mai zafi (za a iya dafawa da soya nama, amma shan sigari baya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta). Amma idan kayi tunani akai, har yanzu akwai yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta. Wannan cuta ce, kuma har yanzu ba'a gama fahimta ta ba. Wasu misalan wannan:
- Cutar ta ASF ba ta da haɗari ga mutane, amma duk wani kamuwa da cuta yana raunana matakan kariya na kowace kwayar halitta. Akwai lokutan gano kwayoyin cuta game da annoba a jikin mutum, wanda ke nufin yiwuwar mutane za su iya jure wa wannan cututtukan ba tare da alamomi ba.
- Wannan kamuwa da cuta yana tasowa ba zato ba tsammani, kasancewar kawai wakilin a ajin asfaviruses. Kwayar cutar tana canzawa, wanda hakan na iya haifar da karuwar jinsinta. Akwai haɗarin cewa mutum na iya kamuwa da ita.
- Akwai shaidun da ke nuna cewa an gano kwayar cutar a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ita zazzabi na wurare masu zafi... Wannan kamuwa da cutar na iya kasancewa tare da ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban masu tsanani.
Ana iya ƙarasa da cewa Zazzaɓin aladu na Afirka ba ya haifar da babbar haɗari ga mutane, amma don kare lafiya, dole ne a guji tuntuɓar aladun da suka kamu da cutar.
Zazzabin alade na Afirka na mutuwa. Yana haifar da kwayar cutar ta musamman, wacce idan ta shiga jikin alade, zata fara yawaita cikin sauri. Nan take yana shafar dabbobi tsakanin kewayen kilomita 10. Saboda haka, a mafi yawan ƙasashe, a matakin gwamnati, sun ci gaba ayyuka don hanawa da sarrafa kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓin aladu na Afirka, kazalika da shirin ilimantarwa game da abin da zai iya kasancewa da yadda za a gane alamun zazzabin alade na Afirka a cikin lokaci.