Peach al'ada ce ta son zuciya kuma yana bukatar karin hankali. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman sharuɗɗan samun nasarar noman lambun peach shine tsarin bishiyoyi daidai.
Amma duk wani magudi tare da mai wanki dole ne a yi shi daidai, a kan kari kuma a tabbatar da shi. Duk asirin "koren tiyata" suna cikin wannan kayan.
Shin zai yiwu kuma me yasa za a datse bishiyar peach?
Duk wani al'adun lambu yana yankedon ƙara lokacin fruiting da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma ana yanka peach domin kara juriya da yanayin yanayi mara kyau.
Daga hanyar kirkirar kambin bishiya kai tsaye lokacin sanyi na shuka ya dogara... Misali, peach din da "spindlebush" ("spindle") ya kirkira zai yi sanyi a kudu sosai - a Cherkessk ko Makhachkala, amma tuni a cikin Krasnodar Territory, Rostov-on-Don, yana iya daskarewa. Anan ya fi kyau a shuka shi da "ƙoƙo".
A Tsakiyar Rasha, ana buƙatar saukar da rassan peach har ma da ƙasa da samar da daji. Kuma a cikin yanayi mawuyacin hali, shimfida shi a kwance - a cikin shara.
Baya ga tsarawa, ana "ba da umarnin peaches" don tsarawa, gyarawa, sabuntawa da kuma tsabtace tsabtace jiki.
Zabar lokacin da ya dace: bazara, bazara ko kaka?
Gwanin Peach yana farawa daga shekara ta 2 ta rayuwa... A wannan lokacin, shukar ta riga ta "buɗe" - tana da harbe-harbe da dama a gefe. An zaɓi rassan ƙasusuwan gaba daga gare su.
Ba shi da ma'ana don fara datsawa da wuri. Tabbas, tsunkule saman zai motsa ci gaban rassa na gefe.
Koyaya, idan an yanke yawa da yawa, harbe-harben zasu tafi zuwa wani babban kusurwa zuwa jagorar. Zai ɗauki ƙarin lokaci don gyara irin wannan itacen.
Peach na kayan amfanin gona ne wanda aka daddatse da ake bukata a bazara, bazara da kaka.
Mafi kyawun lokaci don kwalliyar kwalliyar kwando na peach shine "a kan toho mai ruwan hoda", don rani - ƙarshen Yuni, don kaka - bayan girbi.
Bazara | Samuwar kambi na seedling. Sabunta tsire-tsire tare da cire daskararren harbe. Rejuvenating datti na tsohuwar bishiyoyi. |
Bazara | Ana cire matattun harbe ba a sani ba a cikin bazara. Rage gajeren rassan 'ya'yan itace masu rauni. Rarraba "fi" da kuma cire sandunan girma. Sanitary pruning na harbe shafi cututtuka da kwari. Gajartar da ci gaban shekarar da muke ciki don ingantawa. |
Faduwa | Sanitary pruning na rashin lafiya harbe. Cire rassan da aka karya ta hanyar amfanin gona. |
Kwararrun masu kiwon peach sun bada shawarar kirga rassan da suka rage bayan kaka da kaka. Kada mutane fiye da tamanin daga cikinsu su kasance.
Makircin bazara, bazara da kaka
Lokaci don yankan itace yana da mahimmanci a kowane lokaci.... Yanayi mai ɗumi, ruwan sama, raɓa suna taimakawa cikin kutsawa da cuts. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a tsara aikin a bushe, rana mai tsabta.
Mafi ƙarancin kayan aiki da datsa kayan sun hada da:
- masu zaman kansu;
- mai burodi;
- wuka na lambu;
- fayil na lambu;
- jan karfe sulfate;
- lambun putty.
Kafin fara aikin, dole ne a sanyaya kayan aikin gaba ɗaya da wani abu mai guba ko ruwan zãfi kawai, sannan a share bushe.
Tsarin bazara na peach
- Lokacin ƙirƙirar "kwano" na ƙwaya mai shekaru biyu, tsayin daka yana da kusan 50 cm.
- An gano rassa uku na kwarangwal, waɗanda suke a babban kusurwa ga mai gudanarwar kuma an ba da su ta kwatance daban-daban. An gajarta su da ƙwaya 2 don haka na sama yana duban waje.
- An yanke jagorar a saman reshe na gefen sama. An cire harbe-harbe wuce haddi akan zobe.
- Ana bincika harbe-harbe a cikin tsofaffin bishiyoyi. An cire wadanda suka karye da kuma daskararre.
- Don sake sabunta peach, cire dukkan rassan da itace sama da shekaru 4.
Gwanin bishiyar pishi
Tsarin rani na peach na rani:
- Yi nazarin bishiyar don sauran ragowar harbe-harbe. Idan akwai, cire su.
- Binciken ci gaban ƙasa da shekara. Wadanda suke girma a tsaye zuwa sama ko zurfi zuwa cikin rawanin an cire su.
- Sauran ƙididdigar suna pinched.
- Yi nazarin rassan bearinga fruitan itace. Idan wasu masu rauni da sirara sun haɗu da babban amfanin gona, kuna buƙatar taƙaita su, kuma ku fitar da ƙwayayen kwai.
- An cire cututtukan mara lafiya.
Wata sabuwar hanya don yankakken peaches a lokacin rani don samun manyan 'ya'yan itace:
Fall peach pruning makirci:
- An cire bushe, cuta da kuma karya rassan.
- Tsayi da yawa da siraran sirara waɗanda ba su da lokacin yin girki an gajarta su da rabi.
- Idan ci gaban tushen ya bayyana, to yanke yake.
A cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, yakamata a datsa lokacin kaka a yanke shi kawai. Mahara sako-sako da raunuka rage hunturu hardiness na peach.
Idan an dasa bishiyoyin peach a cikin damuna kuma basu tsira da damuna sosai ba, a cikin bazara yana iya kayar da harbin gefen daga ƙananan ɓawon burodi a jikin akwatin.
A wannan yanayin, ana iya yin fasali tare da daji ta hanyar yanke mai jagoran tsakiyar daskarewa a tsayin 4-5 cm sama da koda mai rai na sama.
Yaya za a kula bayan aikin?
Bayan yankan, dole ne a kula da peach sosai. Duk raunuka suna bukatar magani... Yawancin manoman peach sun fi son amfani da fentin mai maimakon lambun gargajiya na gargajiyar azaman sawa.
Yanka an rufe shi da farar wani lokaci yana ruɓewa saboda laima. Alamar fenti mai ba ta fi muni ba, kuma ba ta haifar da ruɓewa. Hakanan mai kyau kayan aiki - RanNet manna.
Don bushewar mafi kyau, warkarwa da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta kafin putty, zaka iya magance raunin tare da maganin 3% na jan karfe sulfate... Ana amfani da shi tare da soso mai tsabta kuma a bar shi na awanni 1-1.5. Sa'an nan kuma amfani da gonar putty.
Yadda ake kirkira kambi da kulawa da peach:
Girma da kulawa
Baya ga yankan ciyawa na yau da kullun, peach yana buƙatar shayarwa, takin zamani da magani daga kwari da cututtuka.
Bazara | Top miya | 0.5 lita na fermented mullein jiko a cikin lita 10-guga na ruwa. Mako guda baya - lita gwangwani na itace ash. |
Fesawa | Idan kakar da ta gabata ɓarkewar peach ta kasance mai haɗari da kwari, ana fesa itacen da Calypso. Ana aiwatar da aiki sau biyu: a kan dormant buds da bayan flowering. A lokacin fure, maganin kwari na iya cutar da masu gurɓata pollin. | |
Shayarwa | Tare da karamin narkewar ruwa - kwanaki 10 kafin flowering. | |
Bazara | Top miya | Foliar saman miya tare da maganin Zdraven-Aqua don bishiyoyin fruita fruitan itace hadaddun takin zamani. |
Fesawa | Idan ya cancanta, magani tare da magungunan kwari da kayan gwari. A ƙarshen watan Agusta - plantafol potassium foliar miya don hanzarta girke itacen. | |
Shayarwa | Tare da karancin yanayin ruwa, yayin da kasar ta bushe, sai a zubar zuwa zurfin cm 60. An tsayar da ruwa makonni 2 kafin a debo 'ya'yan itacen. | |
Ba da izinin | A lokacin da farkon 'ya'yan itacen ya nuna, sai a binciki kwayayen kuma a kimanta karfin bishiyar ta "dauki da ciyarwa". Idan akwai ovaries da yawa, ya kamata a yi siraran. | |
Faduwa | Top miya | Takin phosphate-potassium ne kawai. An cire nitrogen. |
Shayarwa | Ana buƙatar ban ruwa mai daukar ruwa. Barin peach don hunturu a busassun ƙasa bashi da yarda - tushen tsarin yayi daskarewa. | |
Ana shirya don hunturu | Whitewash kara da Sadovnik lemun tsami manna. A cikin hunturu mai tsananin sanyi tare da ɗan dusar ƙanƙara - ƙirƙirar ƙarin wuraren bushe bushe: reed ko bukkoki na masara, iyakokin agrospan. |
Ayyukan kulawa da peach na dole sun hada da kulawa na yau da kullun kusa da akwati: weeding, sassautawa, mulching tare da wani lokacin farin ciki na kwayoyin halitta: yankakken haushi, sawdust na kwance, ciyawar da aka sare, takin da ya girma.
Yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da hay a matsayin ciyawa. - beraye suna son zama a ciki.
Mulching yana kaucewa buƙatar yawaitar shayarwa koda a lokacin bazara, yana hana danshin danshi da samuwar ɓawon ƙasa. Ciyawar ciyayi za ta samar da tsiron da nitrogen da carbon dioxide idan suka bazu.
Hannun bazara, budding: yadda ake dasa peach a kan pam, apricot, da sauransu.
Wani muhimmin "kore aiki" na iya zama peach grafting. Bukatar shi ya bayyana a lokuta inda:
- lokacin hunturu ne, itacen ya daskarewa, amma tushen yana da rai;
- bishiyoyi da iska da dusar ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, ko kuma girbi mai yawa sun kakkarye bishiyar;
- nau'ikan iri-iri ne, ana buƙatar pollinator, amma babu wurin shuka shi;
- akwai tsaba mai dacewa don jari da sha'awar yaduwar nau'ikan da aka fi so.
Dace da rootstock don peach 'ya'yan itacen almond mai ɗaci, apricots na daji, peach na Manchu, tumatir masu daɗaƙen daji. Idan babu ɗayan wannan a kan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya dasa peach a kan pam - waɗannan albarkatun suna da dacewa mai kyau.
Ana yin allurar peaches a farkon bazara, kafin budswa su farka, ko kuma a farkon bazara. Idan dasawa za'a aiwatar dashi ta hanyar yankewa "a tsaga" ko ta hanyar kwafsawa, zai fi kyau ayi ta bazara. Don sabon "likitocin tiyata na lambu" ya fi kyau yin atisaye a lokacin rigakafin ido na bazara.
Ana yin Budding a cikin rawanin hannun jari ko a ƙwanƙolin ƙwararrun matasa bisa ga wannan makirci:
- An katse koren harbe-harben kore daga shuka mai dacewa. Ana cire dukkan ganye daga ciki, amma an bar petioles.
- An zaɓi kyakkyawan toho daga tsakiyar ɓangaren harbi kuma an yanke "garkuwar" - wani ɓangare na haushi tare da cambium da toho kanta. Tsawon garkuwar yana da kusan 2.5-3 cm.
- A kan gorin gwaiwa, an yi haushi a jikin T-siffar kuma an tanƙwara shi kaɗan zuwa ɓangarorin. Ba kwa buƙatar taɓa cambium.
- An saka scutellum a cikin ramin, an rufe shi da haushi don koda ta kasance a waje.
- Ana yin winding daga ƙasa zuwa sama a cikin karkace, ta hanyar kewaye koda.
Kuna iya kunsa wurin allurar rigakafin tare da bayan (mara mannewa) na tef ɗin lantarki na yau da kullun ko tef.
Bayan kwana 7-10 ta yanayin petiole, ana yin hukunci ne ko ramin rami ya samo tushe. Idan petiole ya zama rawaya sai ya fadi idan aka taba shi da yatsa, to koda ta yi jijiya. Idan baƙi da ruɓewa, allurar rigakafin ta gaza.
Idan akwai nasara, bayan watanni 1-2 zaka iya cire winding... Idan aka gudanar da allurar rigakafin a cikin bole, zai zama daidai a dunƙule bishiyar sama don hunturu. Don haka zai yiwu a kare koda daga daskarewa ko lalacewar beraye.
A lokacin bazara, ana rake duniya, kuma ana kula da wurin allurar rigakafin da kashi 3% na ruwa na Bordeaux.
Peach budding:
Don sa peach ya ji daɗi kuma ya ba da 'ya'ya da yawa, kula da shi ya zama cikakke kuma na yau da kullun... Wannan al'ada ba ta gafarta lalaci da sakaci, amma yana ba da lada da kyawawan 'ya'yan itacen marmari.