Daya daga cikin wakilan jinsunan Dutch shine Vicoda strawberry. Nan take ya sami shahara saboda daɗin ɗanɗano, tsari mai ƙyau, tsarkakakkiyar halitta da kuma abubuwan dake gina jiki. An gabatar da cikakken bayanin wannan nau'in a ƙasa.
Bayanin strawberry Vicoda da halaye
Vicoda ingantaccen nau'in strawberry ne, sakamakon aikin masu kiwo daga Holland.
Wannan nau'ikan iri-iri yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi na matsakaiciyar tsaka mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. An yi wa shuke-shuke ado da manyan mayafai na launuka koren haske. Daga sama, saman farantin faranti yana ɗan riɓe, yana da ƙananan hakora tare da gefen gefen. Petananan petioles tare da ƙananan balaga. Gashin-baki yana ba da kadan, wanda ya sauƙaƙa don kula da shuka.
Manyan zagaye berries suna da launi zurfin ja. Matsakaicin nauyin ofa fruitsan itace daga 50-70 g... Nauyin 'ya'yan itacen farko na iya zama 120 g. M ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da daidaito mai yawa, ba ya ƙunshe da fanko. Berries suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano tare da 'ya'yan itace mai haske wanda ke ɗanɗano lokacin ƙarancin cherries.
Vicoda iri-iri ne na ƙarshen strawberry. Ripening lokaci - tsakiyar watan Yuli. Irin wannan nau'ikan kayan lambun yana ba da damar girbi yayin da yawancin sauran nau'ikan sun riga sun daina ba da 'ya'ya.
Fasali na iri-iri
- fruitsa fruitsan itace na farko suna da girma, sau da yawa siffar tsefe, na iya zama biyu, kuma daga baya - na madaidaiciyar siffar conical;
- sepals ana iya rabasu da berrieshakan baya shafar girbi yayin adanawa da safara;
- bayyanar farin launi a ƙarshen 'ya'yan itacen ya nuna sigar girmanta ta fasaha;
- yana daya daga hunturu-Hardy iri zaɓi na ƙasashen waje.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Fa'idodi iri-iri, godiya ga abin da ya cancanci matsayinsa a cikin lambun:
- babba Manuniya amfanin ƙasa, daga daji ɗaya zaka iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 1 na 'ya'yan itace masu zaki da mai daɗi;
- manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace tare da kyawawan halaye na dandano;
- 'ya'yan itace daidai jure harkokin sufuri kuma kada ku rasa gabatarwarsu;
- hunturu hardiness kamar yadda ba zai yuwu ba ga hadaddun abubuwan rashin dace na hunturu;
- kwarai da gaske dacewa zuwa kowane yanayin yanayi;
- mai kyau juriya cututtuka daban-daban da hare-haren kwari;
- berries don amfanin duniya, ana iya cinsu ɗanye, daskararre kuma ana amfani dasu don shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Tare da dukkanin fa'idodi da yawa, itacen strawberry Vicoda yana da ƙananan fa'idodi.:
- a cikin yanayi mai zafi ƙimar berry na iya raguwa;
- daji da ake bukata zauna nesa sosai da juna, wanda bashi da matukar dacewa ga kananan filayen gida.
Dabaru na agrotechnical don shuka amfanin gona na Berry
Babban sigogi wanda zai tabbatar da amfanin strawberries kuma ya kare su daga cututtuka.
Zaɓin zaɓi don dasa shuki da shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Gadajen da suke cikin wuri mai haske kuma aka kiyaye su daga iska mai ƙarfi zai bambanta da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Strawberries sun fi son loam mai haske, chernozem da ƙasa mai toka, mafi ƙarancin duk suna son ƙasa mai laka. Ruwan ƙasa ya kamata ya fi kusa da 60-80 cm. Bayanin acidity shine mafi kyau duka tsakanin zangon pH 2.7-6.2... Hatsi, albasa, tafarnuwa, marigolds, petunia ana ɗaukarsu magabata ne masu kyau. Kuna iya shuka strawberries a wuri guda don shekaru 3-4.
Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar lalata ciyawa akan shafin... Sa'an nan kuma ƙara takin gargajiya da kuma tono sama. Wajibi ne don shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. Don dasa rani da kaka, dole ne a gudanar da aikin da ake bukata wata daya kafin a dasa shi, don ƙasa ta sami lokacin nutsuwa, in ba haka ba saiwar shukokin na iya zama babu komai, wanda zai yi mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban shuka.
Selection na ingancin seedlings
Girbin ya dogara da ƙimar kayan shuka. Seedlings na wannan iri-iri dole ne kuzari, da lafiya shuke-shuke da:
- abin wuya fiye da 6mm a diamita;
- tsarin tushen fibrous, a cikin tsari Tushen fiye da 7cm;
- 3-5 ganye da cikakkiyar koda.
Ajiye tsirrai a wuri mai sanyi na kimanin kwana biyu kafin a dasa. Wannan zai kara juriya ga abubuwan waje. Tushen za a iya taqaitashi da 5 cm don motsa ci gaban kaikaice da kare shuka daga kwari.
Matakai na tsarin shuka
Ya kamata a dasa shuki a farkon bazara ko ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon watan Satumba... An fi dasa shuki lokacin bazara lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma ƙasa ta dumi. Yana da mahimmanci kada a jinkirta dasa shuki a cikin kaka, tun da tsire-tsire ba za su sami lokacin samun tushe ba kuma zai mutu daga sanyi.
Zaɓi ranar girgije don dasa shuki. A lokacin zafi, ana buƙatar inuwar shukoki na makonni biyu bayan dasa su.
- A cikin lambu form ramuka, kiyaye tazara tsakanin su 40 cm, kuma tsakanin layuka 50-60 cm, tunda tare da yawan shuka, tsire-tsire zasu sami rashin haske da abubuwan gina jiki.
- Zuba ruwa a cikin ramuka da aka huce kuma fara shuka sanya tushen tsire-tsire kyauta, ba tare da lanƙwasa su ba kuma rufe su sosai da ƙasa, wanda zai ba da damar dasa shukoki da sauri. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tushen abin ɗamarar, wanda saman ci gaban yake, yana saman duniya.
- Soilasa tana da kyau sosai kuma kiyi moisturize kadan kadan.
- Mulching tare da humusdon hana kwasfa a ƙasa.
Strawberries sun fara bada fruita fruitan shekara ta gaba bayan sun dasa. Dasa shuki a cikin watan Agusta suna da lokaci don sa fure buds har zuwa kaka.
Saitin matakan kulawa
Don samun wadataccen girbi na 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi da na' ya'yan itace, kuna buƙatar kula da strawberries. Kulawa ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan:
Shayar da mulching kasar gona
Lokacin girma strawberries, shirya tsarin ingancin ruwa. A lokacin bazara, jika ƙasa kowane kwana 7... A lokacin fure da 'ya'yan itace, a shayar da shuka sau 2-3 a mako ta amfani da ruwan dumi. Matsakaicin mafi kyau na ruwan sha na kaka sau 2 kafin farkon lokacin sanyi.
Mulching ya kamata a da za'ayi a lokacin kakar girmata amfani da ciyawa ko fim. Wannan zai sa kasar tayi danshi kuma ta hana fasawa.
Kula da Gulma
Don kada a cika ƙasa da sinadarai, don haka tabbatar da tsabtar ɗabi'ar 'ya'yan itatuwa kana bukatar ka yi yaƙi da weeds a gonar, ta hanyar fitar da sako na yau da kullun, wanda yakamata a aiwatar dashi kamar yadda ake bukata.
Gabatarwar abinci
Don girbi mai girma da inganci, ciyarwa akan lokaci tare da kwayoyin halitta da kari na ma'adinai tare da saiti na microelements masu buƙata yana da gajiya. An ba da shawarar yin takin gargajiya a cikin bazara, lokacin da ciyawar ta girma, samun ƙarfi da kuma samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Ana shirya don hunturu
A lokacin bazara, ya kamata ku bincika yanayin tushen tsarin. Idan ya kasance a farfajiya, to, kuna buƙatar yayyafa shi da ƙasa. Hakanan 'yantar da dazuzzuka daga tsofaffi da busassun ganye. Don adana strawberries a cikin hunturu, zaka iya yayyafa da Layer na sawdust ko bambaro... Da farkon bazara, ya kamata a cire wannan rufin. Don samun nasarar hunturu na amfanin gona a watan Nuwamba, rufe gonar da rassan spruce.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Daga cikin hanyoyin kiwo strawberries ake bambanta: gashin-baki, rarraba daji da tsaba.
Gashin baki
Mafi shahararrun hanyar samun kayan shuka suna girma daga harbe-harben ciyayi - waswasi. Nau'in iri-iri suna da karamin adadin rotse, saboda haka cire wani ɓangaredon jagorantar ƙarfin tsire-tsire don haifuwa.
A lokacin 'ya'yan itace, sanya alama mafi yawan samfuran berry... Bayan girbi, gyara gashin-baki wanda rozetin suka yi fatawa a kai, sai a dan matsa rozet din a cikin kasa a yayyafa shi da kasa don zukatan su kasance 'yantattu. A ƙarshen lokacin rani ko Satumba, dasa sabbin bishiyoyi tare da tushen da suka ɓullo a wuri mai ɗorewa.
Ta rarraba daji
Hanyar rarraba daji ana amfani dashi sau da yawa. Amma kuma yana da tasiri kuma ya cancanci amfani da shi. Don wannan ya zama dole a fayyace da shuke-shuke masu lafiya da karfi wadanda suke da sama da guda daya tare da rosette... Tona samfurin da aka zaɓa. A Hankali raba kwasfan ɗin juna. Rataccen rabuwa yana tabbatar da cikakkun shuke-shuke da zasu iya bada 'ya'ya a shekarar farko.
Shuka sabbin bishiyoyi a cikin ramuka da aka shirya domin dasa tushen shukokin gaba daya, in ba haka ba zasuyi saurin bushewa. Sannan yana da kyau a sha ruwa.
Zaka iya raba mashiga daga babban daji kuma dasa shi zuwa wani wuri dabaninda zai girma da ci gaba da kansa.
Tsaba
Ana amfani da yaduwar iri don samun sabbin iri. Game da nau'ikan Vicoda, yaduwa ta amfani da tsaba ba shi da daraja.saboda kada a sauya dukiyar mahaifiya ta dindindin. Akwai damar samun shuke-shuke waɗanda zasu sami andan itace da fruitsa fruitsan itace marasa ɗanɗano.
Cututtuka da kwari
Don dalilai na rigakafi, ya kamata a binciki al'ada koyaushe don alamun lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka, kuma idan an gano su, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan da suka dace nan da nan. Bayanai kan cututtuka da kwari da aka nuna a cikin jadawalin zai taimaka don gano matsalolin daidai kuma magance su da sauri..
Manyan cututtuka | |||
---|---|---|---|
suna | sa hannu | rigakafin | matakan kulawa |
Ruwan toka | Kasancewar launuka masu launin ruwan kasa akan 'ya'yan itace da ganye tare da fure mai laushi mai laushi | Cire busassun ganyaye da weeds, ciyawa aisles yayin samuwar berries, ta amfani da bambaro, sawdust, needles, pollinate rigar bushes da ƙasa tare da sifted itace ash | Tattara da lalata 'ya'yan itacen da aka lalata, bi da shirye-shiryen aikin fungicidal kan raunin cututtukan fungal |
Farin fure | Bayyanar a koren ɓangaren daji na farin farin, wanda ya zama fata kuma ya ɗauki launin tagulla | Kada ku dasa ciyawa sosai sako a lokaci tsakanin layuka na albarkatun Berry, na bakin ciki fitar da dasa bishiyoyin shuke-shuke | Game da mummunar haɗari, bi da magungunan fungicides mai faɗi |
HATTARA KASADA | |||
Nematode | Ci gaba mai sauƙi, jijiyoyin jijiyoyin faranti na ganye, wilting of apical buds | Kada a bari gadaje suyi kauri, bakin ciki layuka akai-akai, shirya kulawa mai kyau, shuka kusa da strawberries, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke ɓoye fungicide (marigolds, calendula), canza wurin saukarwa a kalla sau daya a duk shekaru 4 | Bi da magunguna masu ƙarfi |
Miyar Strawberry | Yana ciyar da ganyen samari, wanda daga shi sai su zama rawaya kuma ya nakasu | Fesa ta amfani da sinadarai da amfani da magungunan jama'a |
Amfani cikakken matakan kulawa da kulawa mai kyau a bayan amfanin gona, zaka iya hana bayyanar cututtuka da kwari a cikin gadajen strawberry.
Daga cikin nau'ikan strawberries da yawa, Vicoda ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman, saboda halayenta masu kyau da kuma kayan magani. Girma da kiwo wannan iri-iri a cikin lambun ba abu ne mai wahala ba., kamar yadda zai iya ɗauka a kallon farko. Babban abu shine kiyaye duk hanyoyin agrotechnical don girma da shawarwari don kulawa da more ɗanɗano da ƙoshin lafiya.