Nau'o'in sukari na zamani sune 'ya'yan aikin makiyayan Amurka. A cikin 1747, masana kimiyya daga Amurka sun gano cewa farin beets yana ɗauke da adadin sukari kamar na sukari - 1.3%. Yanzu nau'ikan matasan na zamani, wadanda masu kiwo suka kera musamman don samar da sikari, sunada sama da kashi 20% na kayan abu. Duk da cewa wannan al'adar fasaha ce, mutane sun dace da amfani da shi don abinci, a matsayin magani na jama'a, da kuma abincin dabbobi.
Halaye na sukari gwoza
Farin suga gwoza kayan lambu ne, kayan marmari dan shekara biyu, wani irin ja ne gama gari. A cikin shekarar farko, ya samar da babban, oblong, mai yawa, amfanin gona na tushen nama da kuma roanɗana mai ƙarfi na manyan ganye a ɓangaren ƙasa.
Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin amfanin gona na sukari wanda yake girma akan babban yanki na ƙasar noma. Matakan Sucrose suna tsakanin 8-10 zuwa 20% kuma kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin damina na yankin da ke ci gaba, yanayin haɓaka, tunda al'adar tana buƙatar yawan zafi, danshi, hasken rana.
Musamman ana buƙatar zafin rana da yawa don kayan lambu a lokacin lokacin girbin asalin amfanin gona - daga watan Agusta zuwa karshen Oktoba... A wannan lokacin ne sukari ke taruwa a ciki.
Sugar gwoza yana da amfani 100%. Sharar da aka rage daga samar da sukari ana sarrafa shi, ana amfani dashi a masana'antu kuma yana da mahimmancin gaske.
Ana amfani da sharar ƙira don samun:
- ɓangaren litattafan almara - sharar gida a cikin hanyar yanke gwoza, wanda aka yi amfani dashi azaman shanu, aladu;
- syrup - anyi amfani dashi a masana'antar abinci don samar da yisti, acid citric, glycerin, acid mai guba da barasa;
- aibi (ko laka ta bayan gida) - taki mai lemun tsami don shuke-shuke.
Bugu da kari, ana amfani da kayan lambun sukari wajen samarwa ethanolda ake bukata a cikin fasahar samar da mai.
Tarihin girma
Samar da sukari daga gwoza ya fara ne a cikin karni na 19 a tsakiyar Turai (New Silesia), inda tsiron yake, kuma da sauri ya bazu. A farkon rabin karni na 19, beets ya fara shuka kuma ya riga ya girma a yankin ƙasar Russia da Ukraine na zamani.
Kasancewar mai haihuwa chernozem kasa da dumi sauyin yanayi ya bayyana yankuna na noman amfanin gona: Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia, yankuna baƙi na kudancin Rasha, da ƙasashen kudanci da tsakiyar Turai.
A shekara ta 2014, jagororin noman albarkatu da samar da sukari daga gare ta sune:
- Faransa - kimanin tan miliyan 40;
- Rasha - dan kadan sama da tan miliyan 30;
- Jamus - tan miliyan 30;
- Amurka - tan miliyan 28.5;
- Ukraine - tan miliyan 16;
- Poland - tan miliyan 14.
Gabaɗaya, kimanin tan miliyan 280 na gwoza suna girma a duniya.
Abincin abinci ko na dabbobi
Tabbas, da farko dai, wannan al'ada tana da fasaha, amma tushen amfanin gona yana da kyau tushen abinci ga alade da kiwo.
Ganye da rhizomes suna da kusan iri ɗaya na abinci mai gina jiki: kilogiram 100 na gwoza ya ƙunshi raka'a 25 na abinci (ana ɗauka cewa rukunin abinci 1 ya yi daidai da kilogram 1 na hatsi a ƙimar mai gina jiki) da kuma kilogiram 1.2 na furotin mai amfani, kuma kilo 100 na koren ganye ya ƙunshi raka'a 22 na abinci da kilogram 2.2 na furotin ...
A lokaci guda, lokacin girbi nauyin ganye da asalinsu kamar 1: 2... Yankin ganye na iya zama daga 40 zuwa 60% na nauyin kayan lambu.
Amma banda wannan, ana amfani da beets sugar sau da yawa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki da kuma maganin gargajiya... Shuka tana da wadataccen bitamin da ma'adinai: iodine, phosphorus, magnesium, jan ƙarfe, ƙarfe, alli, bitamin B, PP, C, betadine, pectins.
Wannan samfurin yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi, haemoglobin, yana da tasiri mai amfani akan aikin tsarin zuciya, inganta aikin tsarin narkewa, cire abubuwa masu guba daga jiki.
Kayan lambu yana da contraindications don amfani da cutar koda, ciwon suga, kiba saboda babban abun ciki na sukrose.
Fasali na yanayin namo da yanayin noman cikin Rasha
Noma da dasa shukar gwoza tsari ne mai matukar wahala wanda ke bukatar matukar biyayya ga duk wa'adin da dabarun noma.
Juyawar shukar shuki da noman magabata masu dacewa ga gwoza - legumes, hatsi na hunturu suna da mahimmancin gaske.
Shuka fasaha
An nome ƙasa a cikin kaka, zuwa zurfin 30 cm, bayan amfani da cikakken takin mai magani. A lokacin bazara, kafin shuka, kasar gona ta yi laushi, ta yi noma kuma an daidaita ta.
Shuka tsaba a zafin jiki na iska 8-10 digiri Celsius zuwa zurfin 5 cm... 5 kwanaki bayan shuka, ana aiwatar da tsoratar da hankali don lalata ciyawa, sassauta ƙasa.
Seedlings sun riga sun bayyana kwanaki 8-10 bayan shuka. Ana yin shimfida farkon ƙasa bayan bayyanar ganyen farko na gaskiya zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm.
Mataki na gaba - seedwanƙwan tsire-tsire (bouquet). Wannan ita ce hanya mafi wahala, aiki, amma mai mahimmanci, bayan haka mafi ƙarfi da ƙarfi sun kasance sun kasance a filin.
Kulawa mai zuwa game da amfanin gona ya kunshi sassauta ƙasa tsakanin layuka da yalwar ruwa har sau 4-5 a wata... An tsayar da ruwa a rabi na biyu na watan Satumba, kwanaki 7-10 kafin fara girbi.
Girbi
Girbi yana farawa a lokuta daban-daban a yankuna daban-daban, daga kusan ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
Ganyen ganye ba zai iya dagewa na dogon lokaci ba, don haka girbin da aka girbe nan da nan aka aika zuwa sarrafa shuke-shuke... A can, an fara aiwatar da sikari daga rhizomes, kuma ana sarrafa saman zuwa abinci.
A bayyane yake cewa dukkanin zagaye na girma da sarrafa kayan lambu yana da wahala da tsada. Kodayake yawan amfanin wannan 100%, yana da matukar wahala ga masu samarwa su sami kyakkyawan riba daga amfanin gona da shuke-shuke masu sarrafawa.
Koyaya, sukari ya kasance samfurin abinci na yau da kullun da ake buƙata, kuma samarwar ta zama cikakkiyar haƙiƙa da rashin buƙatar sharaɗi.