Yana da wuya a sami mutumin da ba zai so cakulan ko alewar alawar hazelnut ba. Wadannan kananan kwayoyi ba wai kawai suna da dadi ba, amma kuma suna da tasiri mai amfani a jikin mutum.... Babban abun cikin bitamin, abubuwan sinadarai da amino acid suna inganta lafiya idan cutar karancin jini, gajiya mai tsanani, ciwon suga, cututtukan neuroses da cututtukan zuciya. Man hazelnut wanda ke cikin kwayoyi, wadatar da jiki da bitamin E, yana maido da kuzari kuma yana da sakamako mai sabuntawa. Cin naman alade a cikin abinci daidai yake da fa'ida ga yara da tsofaffi. Bari muyi kusa da wannan shukar, tare da sifofin kulawa da noman Hazel a gida.
Babu masana'antar narkar da 'ya'yan itaciya a cikin kasarmu. Ana shigo da fruitsa fruitsan Vala Valan gaske daga ƙasashen Turkiyya, Italia, Spain da China. Amma kayan alatu ba su da kyau kamar yadda suke gani. Yana da nau'i mai mahimmanci na hazel, wanda ke tsiro a cikin yanayin yanayi a cikin Caucasus, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Ukraine da ko'ina cikin yankin Turai har zuwa arewacin latitude. Don haka me zai hana ku girma wannan tsire-tsire marasa fa'ida da amfani a cikin dacha, saboda dasa shuki kyakkyawan fata ne na kasuwanci da saka jari a cikin lafiyar ku.
Hazelnut - nau'in al'adu ne na hazel a shafin
Girman gyada don lambu ba zai zama babban matsala ba. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Italiasar Italiyan ta kira "hazel da aka noma" tsiro don masu kasala. Hazelnut shrub ne wanda ya kai mita 2-5 a tsayi, ya danganta da nau'ikan, amma ana iya kafa shi ta hanyar yankan itace ta hanyar itace - zabin ya dogara da mai shafin.
Ana iya tsammanin girbi na farko tun farkon shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shukar... Shuka ba ta buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, saboda a cikin yanayin yanayi hazel yana girma sosai ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba. Bayan dasa shuki, dabarun aikin gona sun koma shayarwa, suna cire jijiyoyin kai, yankan shekara-shekara, da kuma magance kwari idan ya zama dole.
Hazelnuts da aka dasa a kan shafin na tsawon shekaru za su ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da kyawawan abubuwan gina jiki da abubuwa masu amfani. Girbin taro na kwayoyi yana farawa daga shekaru 5-7 na rayuwar shuka kuma yana ɗaukar shekaru 10-15... Bayan haka, tsiron ya “sake sabonta” - tsawon shekaru a jere, an datse tsofaffin rassa 2-3, waɗanda a ƙarshe aka maye gurbinsu da matasa kuma suka fara ba da ’ya’ya a yalwace.
Daga kowane balagagge, dangane da ayyukan noma samu 5-12 kilogiram na 'ya'yan itaceana iya adana shi na dogon lokaci (shekaru 1-3) ba tare da yin ɗanɗano dandano ba. Idan kayi shuka aƙalla tsire-tsire uku a kan rukunin yanar gizon, girbin shekara-shekara zai yi kyau sosai.
Hazelnuts na iya girma a wuri ɗaya daga shekaru 50 zuwa 100. Bayan kun dasa shuki sau ɗaya, zaku wadatar da kanku da yaran ku da nutsa nutsan goro masu tsada shekaru masu zuwa.
Baya ga fa'idodin girbi, tsire-tsire yana da ado sosai. Ire-iren Hazelnut suna da ganye launuka daban-daban da kuma girma., sabili da haka, lambu galibi suna yin dasa shukokin daji daban-daban a jere - tare da ja, rawaya da koren ganye. Har ila yau, Hazelnuts suna da ban sha'awa kamar samfurin samfuri mai kama da bishiya. Masoyan kwalliya zasu yaba da kyawun daji wanda ke fitar da earan kunnawa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke jan hankalin kudan zuma a farkon bazara.
Sake bugun gyada a gida
Masoyan itacen da ke daga kwaya suna iya komawa ga irin shuka na haihuwa. Abu ne mai sauƙi kuma, gwargwadon buƙatun da ake buƙata, zai ba ku damar samun ƙwaya mai ƙarfi da lafiya. Koyaya, irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin za su fara ba da fruita mucha da yawa fiye da wanda ya girma daga ƙwaya. Idan, lokacin dasa shuki, iri na farko ya bayyana shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa shuki, to shukar ta girma
da aka yi da goro, yana bada fruita fruita tsawon shekaru 6 ko ma shekaru 10.
Saboda haka, masu lambu sukan yi amfani da dasa shuki. Tare da wannan hanyar haifuwa, akasin dasa shuki na goro, ana kiyaye duk halaye iri-iri na hazelnuts, gwargwadon abin da suka zabi shuka da ta dace da wasu yanayi.
Zaɓin Sapling
An zaɓi bishiyoyi masu shekara ɗaya ko biyu don shuka. An ba da shawarar bayar da fifiko ga nau'ikan-hunturu masu ɗaci da fari.... Sayen iri a cikin gandun daji yana bada tabbacin karɓar nau'ikan zon da ya dace da yanayin yanayin yankin.
Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin gandun daji ko cibiyar lambu, kuna buƙatar bincika tsarin tushen shuka a hankali. Ya kamata a inganta shi da kyau ba tare da lalacewa ba. Tushen da ya lalace kaɗan an sare su zuwa lafiyayyen wuri... Idan akwai barna da yawa, yakamata ku ƙi siyan ƙwaya, tunda katsewa mai ƙarfi na iya shafar ƙimar rayuwa kuma zai haifar da mutuwar shukar.
Zabar wurin sauka
Ana daukar Hazelnut tsire-tsire wanda ba shi da ma'ana ga yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa. Matsakaicin ƙasa mai yalwa da wadataccen danshi suna da fa'ida ga ci gaban shukar da yawan wadataccen mai zuwa nan gaba. Mafi dacewa da namo shine ƙasa mai launin toka, loamy, loam sandy da chernozems na nau'ikan daban-daban. Abin da ya fi dacewa na ruwan karkashin kasa bai fi kusan 1.2-1.5 m zuwa saman ba... A lokacin bazara na narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, bai kamata a cika ambaliyar ruwa da ruwa ba - tsawan ruwa yana haifar da lalacewa da mutuwar ƙanƙara.
Koyaya, bai kamata ku damu da waɗanda ƙashin ƙasa a shafin ba shi da kyau ba. Ana noman Hazelnuts lafiya a kusan kowane nau'in ƙasa wanda ke halayyar layin tsakiya, banda yumbu mai nauyin gaske, dausayi, da ruwan gishiri da busasshiyar yashi. Lokacin dasa shuki na tsire-tsire, ana sauƙaƙe chernozems ta hanyar gabatarwar yashi da humus takin - wannan zai inganta iska da danshi permeability na ƙasa... Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa na acidic an inganta ta hanyar gabatarwar lemun tsami, alli na ƙasa ko toka ta itace.
Hazelnuts suna girma daidai a sarari da tsaunuka. Dangane da tsarin tushen igiyar fibrous, an dasa shukar musamman a wuraren da ya zama dole don hana yashewar ƙasa. Lokacin dasa shuki akan wani yanki na hazelnuts, zaku iya ɗaukar kowane wuri wanda bai dace da sauran kayan lambu ba.
Gardenwararrun lambu suna yin atisaye a cikin fewan shekaru na farko su dasa shukokin lambu daban-daban tsakanin bishiyoyin samarin hazelnuts, waɗanda ke inganta yanayin ƙasa, suna ba da girbi kuma ba su ba da damar komai a shafin ba.
Muhimmin abin buƙata wanda dole ne a kiyaye yayin zaɓar shafin saukowa shine kyakkyawan haske. Hazelnuts na iya girma a wuraren da ke inuwa, amma fa bai kamata ku yi fatan girbi mai kyau ba.... Kasancewar babban adadin hasken halitta ne kawai ke ba da gudummawa ga yalwar 'ya'yan itace.
Lokacin dasa shuki a kan gangaren "hazel mai al'ada", zaku iya tantance wurin a kowane gefen banda kudu. Zai zama alama cewa gefen kudu ya fi haske kuma ya dace da shukar da ke son haske. A zahiri, a farkon lokacin bazara, a cikin hasken rana mai haske, furannin fure suna fure kafin lokacinsu, sannan su mutu a lokacin sanyi na bazara.
Al'adar tana da hankali ta iska, saboda haka lokacin tantance wurin shuka don shuki, an zaɓi wuraren da ke da kariya ta musamman daga zayyana... Ana amfani da bangon gine-gine ko shinge a matsayin kariya daga iska.
Lokacin dasa shuki da yawa, nisan dake tsakanin su zuwa bishiyoyi mafi kusa da kambi mai ɗimbin yawa ana kiyaye shi aƙalla 4-5 m, gwargwadon girman shuka na gaba a cikin balaga.
Fasahar sauka
Dangane da bayanai daga jagororin kayan lambu, ana iya dasa shukokin "hazel da aka nome" a farkon bazara (Maris-Afrilu) ko a kaka. Hazelnuts suna da ɗan gajeren lokacin dormancy, ƙwayoyinsu suna motsawa a baya fiye da sauran bishiyoyi, kuma mafi yawan shuke-shuke da aka shuka a cikin bazara basu da tushe.
Gogaggen lambu sun fi karkata ga dasa kaka - a cikin Oktoba-Nuwamba. Ranakun kowane yanki an tantance su daban-daban, gwargwadon yanayin yanayi... A kowane hali, ana aiwatar da shukar kaka wata ɗaya kafin farkon sanyi.
Don samun wadataccen girbi na kwayoyi, aƙalla bishiyoyi uku daban-daban na tsire-tsire iri-iri masu ƙanana da tsire-tsire ana shuka su a kan shafin.
Don dasa shuki na kaka, an shirya ramin dasa shuki daga bazara, idan an shirya dasa irin shuka don bazara, to ana aiwatar da shirye-shiryen a lokacin bazara. Wannan dabarar tana bawa kasar da babu ciyawa damar hutawa da tara isasshen danshi. Sau da yawa, rayuwa tana yin gyare-gyare ga tsare-tsarenmu, kuma idan shawarar shuka hazelnuts ta zo kwatsam, ana iya shirya ramin shuka aƙalla makonni biyu kafin a dasa shi ko kuma nan da nan kafin a dasa.
An tono ramin sauka a girman 0.6 x 0.6 x 0.6 m. Ana shigar da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai a cikin ramin da aka shirya kuma an haɗe shi da kyau tare da ƙasa:
- humus - guga 2-3;
- biyu superphosphate - 150-200 g;
- potassium sulfate - 50-70 g.
Yarda da shawarwari don shirye-shiryen ƙasa zai ba da iri ga wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki na shekaru 3-4.
Ya fi dacewa da dasa ganyayyaki tare da mataimaki: ɗayan yana riƙe da tsire-tsire kuma yana daidaita tsarin tushen, ɗayan yana aiwatar da duk abubuwan da ake buƙata. Dasa fasahar abu ne mai sauki:
- Idan aka sarrafa tushen iri a cikin dusar ƙura, wanke yumbu daga asalinsa... Ana buƙatar tsoma cikin akwatin hira ne kawai don riƙe danshi a cikin tushen har sai an dasa.
- Idan asalin shuka sun dan bushe, da farko saka su a ruwa tsawon kwana 1-2... Bushewa daga cikin tushen yana bayyane daga kumburarrun kumburin harbe-harbe.
- Idan asalinsu sun bushe sosai, to ba su kaɗai ba, amma ya kamata a nitsar da ƙwayoyin duka cikin ruwa har tsawon kwanaki 1-2 har sai bawon ya zama mai santsi.
- Kirkirar tudu a tsakiyar ramin, lika masa fegi a ciki.
- Sanya seedling kusa da fegi, a hankali shimfiɗa tushen shukar a cikin ramin... Kwarjin abin da ke dasawa a lokacin dasa shi ya kamata ya zama sama da matakin kasar gona. Bayan an gama ban ruwa, sai kasa ta zauna kuma saiwar kwayar ta zama daidai da kasa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci - lokacin da aka binne tushen abin a cikin ƙasa, dawa za su ci gaba mara kyau, kuma ƙila ba za su iya ba da 'ya'ya kwata-kwata.
- Sun cika ramin a wucewa biyu... Na farko, rabin ramin an lulluɓe shi da ƙasa, an ɗan juya ƙasa kaɗan kuma ana shayar da ita sosai da ruwa. Sannan sauran ramin ya cika, sake tamped kuma a sake shayar dashi. Jimlar yawan ruwa ga kowane iri shine aƙalla lita 25, mafi kyau duka dangane da yanayin yanayi - 30-40 lita.
- Duba matakin tushen abin wuya - matsakaici aramar izini sama da matakin ƙasa yana da 1-3 cm.
- Ana danganta tsire-tsire a kan fegi kuma yanke kan 5-6 buds... Tsayin ɓangaren da ke ƙasa ya zama ya zama santimita 20-25. Pruning yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da harbe-harbe da dama masu amfani yayin lokacin girma.
Kula da ƙwararrun matasa
Dawafi kusa-kusa tare da radius na 0.5 m ana mulched tare da peat, humus, taki ko sawdust, yana barin sarari kyauta na 5 cm kusa da tushe. Lauren ciyawa yawanci 7-10 cm.
Hazelnut ba ya jure ruwan da ke tsaye, amma a lokaci guda shukar ne mai kaunar danshi. Sabili da haka, a karo na farko bayan dasa shuki, shayarwa na yau da kullun yana da mahimmancin gaske don ci gaban shuka. A karo na farko da aka shayar da tsiron mako guda bayan dasa shi, ɗauki hutun kwanaki 7-10 kuma sake sake shayarwa. Bayan wannan, zaku iya tabbata cewa ƙwallon dasa tana yin dunkule ɗaya tare da sauran ƙasan kuma zai iya riƙe danshi da ake buƙata.
A farkon hunturu 2-3, an rufe tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da lutrasil ko spunbond... Wannan yana kare tsire daga daskarewa da fashewar harbe-harbe.
Arin kulawa da namo
Daga dasa shuki zuwa farkon 'ya'yan itace, ya danganta da nau'ikan, zaku jira shekaru 3-4. Girbi zai zama kaɗan da farko, amma a cikin shekaru 1-3, ɗaukan goro zai faranta maka rai da yalwarta, kuma bayan shekaru 10 zai yiwu a tattara guga na goro daga kowane daji. Kuna iya fatan samun yalwa mai yawa idan aka ɗauki matakan da suka dace don kula da ƙanana.
Shayarwa
A lokacin girma, ana shayar da shuka sau 1-2 a wata, yawan adadin waterings tun watan Afrilu sau 5-6 ne... Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka shayar da shrub ɗin bayan faɗuwar ganye - wannan zai haifar da cajin danshi da ake buƙata don shuka a cikin ƙasa don bazara mai zuwa. A watan Yuni da Yuli, buƙatar danshi yana ƙaruwa saboda haɓakar 'ya'yan itatuwa da kwanciya da gabobin haihuwa na lokacin girbi na gaba, saboda haka ana shayar da ƙwarya sau biyu a cikin waɗannan watanni. Don shayarwa, yi amfani da lita 40-50 na ruwan dumi ga kowane daji.
Gulma da mulching
Sakin ciyawa yana taimakawa wajen kashe ciyawa da kuma shayar da tushen tushen da iska. Lokacin sassauta ƙasa, dole ne a tuna cewa yawancin tushen suna kusa da farfajiya. Ba a maido da asalin hazelnut da aka lalata ba, don haka zurfin weeding yana 8-10 cm... Soilasa ta da'irar gangar jikin an mulmula ta da peat, sawdust, busasshiyar ciyawa.
Yankan
Pruning wajibi ne don samar da shrub. A kowane lokacin bazara, ana yanka karin harbe, yana barin 8-10 na mafiya ƙarfi... Suna ƙoƙari su cire harbe-harben da ke cikin daji, da kuma rauni da lalacewa.
Hazel maganin kwari
Don hazelnuts daga kwari, hazel weevil da hazel barbel suna da haɗari. Alamomin bayyanarsu "damuwa" da bushewar 'ya'yan itace da wuri. Kula da kwari na amfani da magungunan kwari, aiwatar da aiki a farkon watan Mayu, lokacin da ƙwaro ya bayyana da yawa, kuma a tsakiyar watan Yuni, lokacin da kwaya suka fito daga plyuska. Daga cikin cututtukan, ana samun amsar fulawa sau da yawa, wanda za a iya kawar da ita ta hanyar maganin sulphur colloidal, lemun tsami-sulfur broth ko kantin da aka sayi kayan gwari, kazalika da tsabtace kantin fruitsa fruitsan da suka kamu da ganyayen da suka faɗi.
Mai karatu na iya samun ra'ayin yaudara cewa dasa shukowar tsire-tsire aiki ne mai wahala. A cikin wannan labarin mun yi ƙoƙarin ba da cikakken bayani yadda zai yiwu wanda ke da amfani ga masu gidajen rani da yankunansu. Hazelnuts ba sa buƙatar tsarin zafin jiki na musamman, za su iya girma a kusan kowace ƙasa kuma su jimre rashin sutura... Ya isa a yi ƙoƙari kaɗan, kuma shukar za ta gode muku da wadataccen girbi na ƙoshin lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya.