Baƙin raɓa baƙi ne wanda ba a san shi ba sosai tsakanin mazaunan bazara da masu aikin lambu. Babu wanda yayi mamakin launin rawaya. Amma herar uwarta baƙar fata galibi tana rikicewa da blackberry. Masu kiwo suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan 'ya'yan itacen baƙƙen lambu, baƙar fata, saboda haka yana da wahala ga mutumin da bai san bambancinsu ba ya ce da gaba gaɗi ina filayen suke kuma ina ƙanƙallan.
A cikin wannan labarin, zamu kalli Cumberland black rasberi iri-iri, bambance-bambancen sa da blackberries, da hanyoyin kulawa.
Bambanci tsakanin baƙar fata da baƙar fata
Bari muyi la'akari da manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin baƙar fata da baƙar fata.
- Don saurin gano wane daji yake girma a gabanmu, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen. Rasberi, ya kasance ja ne ko baƙi, suna da rami mai ciki. An cire Berry, kuma wurin ajiyar ya kasance akan reshe. A wurin ajiyar blackberry, wurin ajiye kayan ya yanke tare da Berry, kuma baya zama fanko.
- Ina rantsuwa da siffar berries baƙar fata sun fi kama da jan berriesaba, samun fasali iri ɗaya. 'Ya'yan itacen baƙar fata suna da siffar hemispherical.
- Sun kuma bambanta a lokacin girmansu. Baƙi sun ɗanɗana daga baya. Kodayake wasu nau'o'in girbi na iya samun lokacin girbi iri ɗaya.
- Dubi tsire-tsire, zaku iya samun bambance-bambance a cikin mai tushe. Baƙi suna da tsayi (har zuwa mita uku) kore mai tushe tare da ƙayayuwa masu ƙarfi. Blackberry daji yana da yawa, yana tunatar da laƙƙarfan waya mai ƙarfi. Black raspberries suna da guntu rassan (daga ɗaya da rabi zuwa mita biyu da rabi)... Mai tushe ya fi guntu, sirara da shuɗi mai launi. Thorayarsu ta fi ta baƙar fata.
Rasberi-blackberry matasan
Rasberi da aka haye tare da blackberry ana kiransa Tayberry, wanda aka yi kiwo a Scotland a ƙarshen shekarun saba'in na karnin da ya gabata. An samo shi azaman ƙwayar blackberries da raspberries ta pollination na blackberries na Aurora iri-iri tare da furen fure. A sakamakon haka, an dasa bishiyoyi masu launin jan-purple mai tsayi, sun kai santimita shida. Yezhemalina Tayberry sananne ne saboda yawan aiki, dandano mai daɗi da ƙanshi na fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Harbe-harbe tare da ƙananan ƙaya suna girma zuwa mita biyu da rabi. A matasan da ake samu daga watan Yuli zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Ya bambanta a jure cutar, sanyi da kwari. Mahimman ka'idodin kulawa da haifuwa suna kama da narkar da raspberries na yau da kullun.
Bambanci tsakanin Tayberry da baƙar fata rasberi shine launi na berries. 'Ya'yan itacen Tisberry ba su da zurfin launi mai duhu na baƙar fata, amma kuma ja mai zurfi da ruwan hoda mai duhu.
Black rasberi iri
An fara kirkirar bakar bishiyar bakar fata ta farko a cikin Amurka a cikin karni na sha tara. A cikin kasarmu, nau'ikan masu zuwa sun sami shahara:
- Cumberland iri-iri shine mafi yawancin, wanda aka samo daga tsallaka raspberries da blackberries. Ya banbanta cikin yawan aiki da kuma farkon balaga, yana da dogayen harbe-harbe masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke ɗaukar madafa. Manyan shudayen-shuɗin berry suna ɗanɗana kamar baƙar fata. Dazuzzuka suna da tsayayyen sanyi, suna jure yanayin hunturu na Rasha da kyau, kuma suna da tsayayya da cututtuka da kwari.
- Na biyu mafi yaduwa iri-iri, ƙaunatattun lambun Rasha - Boysenberry. Yankunan farko sun shahara saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa na manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace .a .an itace. Rashin ƙaya a kan dogon harbe yana sauƙaƙa girbi. Kamar Cumberland, Boysenberry yana da sanyi sosai kuma da wuya yana fama da kwari da cututtuka.
- Sabon Logan - wani nau'in da ya zo mana daga kasashen waje. Kodayake tsayinsa bai wuce mita biyu ba, yana samar da girbi mai kyau na 'ya'yan itacen farko. Amma don hunturu, dole ne a kiyaye harbarsa a hankali daga sanyi.
Yankunan da aka gwada na zaɓi na ƙasashen waje suna cikin gasa mai kyau tare da sababbin nau'ikan da masana kimiyyar Rasha suka haɓaka:
- Gawayi nasa ne a farkon iri. Tana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma 'ya'yan itace ƙananan, masu zaki da ɗaci.
- Litach iri-iri ya zo mana daga Poland, inda aka samo shi sakamakon zaɓi a cikin 2008. Roundananan 'ya'yan itace masu tsire-tsire suna da fure mai kyau. Ana rarrabe bushes da dogon harbe tare da manyan ƙaya.
- Kyautar Siberia sanannen sanyin hunturu, mai jure sanyi, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar dasa shuki a tsakiyar Rasha, Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Berriesananan berries suna bambanta ta tsarinsu mai yawa da dandano mai ɗanɗano.
- Mafi yawan nau'ikan samar da kwayoyi sun hada da Sa'a da Juyawabada har kilo shida a kowane daji. Bishiyoyin su ba su da girma, amma suna da yawa, suna riƙe da gabatarwar na dogon lokaci.
Bayanin nau'ikan Cumberland
Amfani da misali na shahararrun mashahuran iri-iri na baƙar fata chokeberry, zamuyi la'akari da fasalin sa. Black berries a cikin wannan iri-iri suna da girma, suna yin nauyi 5-6 grams. Amfanin daga daji daya ya kai kilo goma batun kulawar da ta dace, wanda ya wuce tarin jan-rawaya ko ruwan rawaya daga daji.
Kodayake muna magana ne game da tsananin damuna na ƙanƙan da ke kama da baƙar fata, amma har yanzu ana ba da shawarar a rufe dazuzzuka don hunturu, a yayyafa musu dusar ƙanƙara. Godiya ga masauki don lokacin hunturu da farkon natsuwa, baƙi masu baƙar fata sun sami tushe a yankuna daban-daban na ƙasar Rasha. Don yankin tsakiya da Yankin -asashen Baƙar fata, ana buƙata don ba da kariya daga iska mai sanyi da zayyana lokacin saukowa.
Ba kamar nau'ikan jan 'ya'yan itace ba, baƙar fata baƙi suna da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, yana faɗaɗa zurfin mita ɗaya da rabi.
Wannan yana bata damar jure lokutan bushe sosai. Amma rashin shayarwa yana shafar adadin ovary kuma, daidai da haka, yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Gandun daji na Cumberland, waɗanda suke cike da ɗigo da cikakkun 'ya'yan itace masu yalwa a lokacin da suka nuna, hoto ne mai ban sha'awa, saboda haka za su zama kayan ado a kowane lambu. Dogayen harbe-harbensu sun kai mita uku, suna ratayewa a ƙasa da sifofin baka. Launi daga cikin bishiyar yana samun fure mai walƙiya yayin da ya fara, kuma tushen kansa an rufe shi da ƙayayuwa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na Black Rasberi
Duk da cewa ba shi da fa'ida sosai, baƙar fata baƙi suna da yawa a hanyoyi da yawa fiye da waɗanda suka haɗu - ja da rawaya. Bari muyi la'akari da manyan fa'idodi:
- babban aiki;
- juriya fari;
- juriya ga kwari;
- undemanding zuwa abun da ke ciki na kasar gona;
- na iya zama shinge;
- ba ya samar da tushen tsotse-tsotse, wanda ke ba da damar sanya shi kyauta cikin gonar;
- berries suna da kaddarorin magani.
Abubuwan rashin amfani na blackberry-like raspberries sun hada da:
- tsananin damuwar ta lokacin hunturu bai kai na na jan iri-iri ba;
- mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri.
Da amfani kaddarorin berries
Yi la'akari da amfanin Cumberland baƙar fata. Ta wurin yawan bitamin da sauran abubuwan gina jiki, baƙƙarfan baƙi sun fi ja da rawaya. Blackberry-like raspberries sun shahara don babban abun ciki na rutin (bitamin P), wanda ya zama dole don ƙarfafa jijiyoyin jini.
Anthocyanins suna ƙarfafa kumburi, suna tsarkake magudanan jini daga alamomin sclerotic. Bugu da kari, ‘ya’yan itace da ganyaye suna dauke da sinadarai wadanda ke rage matakin prothrombin, wanda ke daidaita daskarewar jini. Berries suna da wadata a cikin microelements - ƙarfe, manganese, jan ƙarfe.
Dandanonsu yana da daɗi da ɗaci, yana tuno da blackberry. Saboda tsarinta mai yawa, ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa na kwanaki da yawa, suna jure jigilar kaya da kyau.
Halaye na iri-iri na Tayberry
Yanzu bari muyi magana game da kwatancen bambance bambancen rasberi. Bayyanar ciyawar ta ɗan bambanta da yadda aka saba da jan dangi. Dogayen harbe na iya zama tsayin mita uku, ya danganta da nau'ikan. Wadannan dogayen dogayen suna rataye a gefe, suna yin ar baka. Sabili da haka, lambu da yawa suna aiwatar da garter na tushe zuwa ga trellis.
Baƙi za a iya danganta shi da shekara biyu, saboda harbe-harbe suna ba da 'ya'ya, suna girma har zuwa mita ɗaya.
Suna kirkiro akan mai tushe na shekara-shekara. Sabili da haka, don wannan nau'in ya zama dole a aiwatar da madaidaicin sautin harbe a kaikaice da yankan tsohuwar mai a kaka. An bar mai tushe na shekara-shekara, wanda zai ba da 'ya'ya harbe a shekara mai zuwa.
Noma da hanyoyin kula da baƙuwar fata
Pruning a cikin kaka
Yadda za a datsa baƙon baƙi? An ba da shawarar cewa ku datsa sau biyu a lokacin kakar. A ƙarshen Yuni, ɓangaren sama na harbe-yanke yana yanke a tsayi na haɓakar ɗan adam. Wannan hanya za ta hanzarta samuwar a kaikaice fruiting harbe. An cire harbe-harbe marasa ƙarfi, suna guje wa kaurin daji.
A lokacin bazara, kafin farkon sanyi, an cire harbe-harben shekaru biyu. Bar shekara-shekara, wanda aka taqaita zuwa rabin mita sama da ƙasa.
Sake haifuwa
Yada baƙar fata baƙar fata ba ta da wahala. Don haifuwa, ana amfani da yadudduka na apical. Don yin wannan, a farkon kaka, bayan ƙarshen 'ya'yan itace, an harbe dogayen harbe kuma an sanya saman a cikin raƙuman da aka shirya har zuwa zurfin santimita goma, suna bacci da ƙasa.
Rufe da ciyawa da zafin bishiya daga sama. A lokacin bazara, yankan zai yi jijiya kuma ya samar da harbe-harbe waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman shuke-shuke.
Dasa shuki
Shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba su da bambanci da sauran nau'ikan. Da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar wurin saukarwa da shirya shi. Yakamata a kiyaye wurin daga iska mai sanyi kuma ya kasance rana ta isa.
Ta dasa bishiyoyi kusa da shinge, zaku iya basu kariya daga sanyi da tallafi don ci gaba.... A lokaci guda, zai iya zama shinge saboda ƙayayuwa masu dawwama, waɗanda mutane ƙalilan ne suka yi iya ƙoƙarin su dandana su.
Lokacin zabar wuri, ya zama dole a guji irin waɗannan magabata kamar duk abin da ya shafi dare: dankali, tumatir, zucchini da sauransu. Hakanan, ba za ku iya shuka kusa da jan raspberries ba. Nisan da ke tsakanin su dole ya zama a kalla mita goma.
Wadannan albarkatun lambun masu zuwa za su kasance magabata masu kyau:
- karas;
- barkono;
- tafarnuwa albasa;
- marigolds da marigolds.
Wajibi ne a mutunta tazara tsakanin daji, la'akari da tsawon harbe-harbe. A jere daya, ana shuka bishiyoyin da tazarar kimanin mita daya, kuma tsakanin layuka da ke kusa - mita biyu.
Kodayake baƙar fata ba ƙyashi ne a kan ƙasa ba, loams, ƙasa mai baƙar fata da yashi mai yashi sune mafi kyawun ƙasa don cin nasara mai kyau. An dasa tsire-tsire a kaka (ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba) ko farkon bazara.
Don dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya rami mai zurfin rabin mita. Cakuda humus (6-8 kilogiram), superphosphate (200 g), potassium sulfate (80 g) an gabatar da su a ƙasan kowane rami. Za'a iya maye gurbin takin mai ma'adinai da toka na itace (0.5 kilogiram). An haɗu da abun da ke tare da ƙasa, an yi tudu. Ana sanya ruwan itacen a samansa, saiwoyin sun miƙe ƙasa, an yayyafa shi a hankali a ƙasa, a hankali a hankali ku haɗa shi da hannuwanku.
Bai kamata a rufe wuyan shuka da ƙasa ba.
Bayan shayarwa, ƙasar da ke kewaye tana mulched da sawdust, bambaro, humus. Launin ciyawa ya zama aƙalla santimita biyar.
Don samun ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda ƙananan tsire-tsire, ana harbe ƙananan samari na shekara a tsawo na rabin mita, wanda ke motsa ci gaban harbe a kaikaice.
Taki
Kowace shekara uku, ana ba da shawarar takin shuke-shuke da takin zamani - kimanin kilo biyar a ƙarƙashin daji ɗaya.
Bayan ƙarshen fure, ana gudanar da abinci na farko tare da jiko na taki (ana ɗaukar ruwa shida na ɓangare ɗaya na taki) ko kuma ɗiyan kaza (rabo da ruwa 1:16). Ash ash (lita 1) da superphosphate (50 g) an saka su a guga na jiko. Ana yin irin wannan suturar sau biyu - yayin nunawa da farkon girbi.
Mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari
Ezhemalina ya fi jurewa ga cututtuka, ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan kwari fiye da ja. Yana da sau da yawa ƙasa da cutar halayyar raspberries - verticillary wilting. Cutar ƙwayar cuta ce wacce ba za a iya warkewa ba. An yanke bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa, tumbuke su da kone su.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta, an dasa ezemalina a tazarar akalla mita goma daga jan raspberries. A lokacin bazarar damina, ana bada shawara don tsara magudanan ruwa na ƙasa don hana cututtukan fungal daga haɓaka. Don rigakafin, ana fesa dazuzzuka da shirye-shiryen dauke da jan ƙarfe. Hakanan ana amfani da magungunan kwari.
Ezhemalina na iya shafar anthracnose, wanda ke bayyana kansa a matsayin farin fure a cikin ganyayyaki.... Don sarrafawa, ana amfani da kayan gwari, misali, Topaz, Mikosan ko wasu waɗanda ke kasuwa. Daga cikin wakilan sarrafa kwayoyin, ana amfani da infusions da decoctions. Wani kayan ado na dawakai ya tabbatar da kansa sosai.
Ana zuba ciyawar kilogram guda a cikin bokitin ruwa, ana ɗorawa na yini ɗaya. Kashegari, an shirya abun da ke cikin rabin sa'a. Don sarrafawa, an tsabtace maganin a cikin rabo na 1: 5. Ana iya maye gurbin dawakai da nettle, amma nace ba rana ɗaya ba, amma sati biyu. Tsarma daidai gwargwado.
Daga cikin kwari, ƙwaro mai rasberi shine mafi haɗari. Kafin kumburi ya farka a cikin daji, ana gudanar da jiyya ta farko tare da maganin nitrophene (bayani 2%). Magani na biyu ana yin sa yayin da furannin fure suka bayyana tare da jiko na ɗakunan ciro da marigolds. Ana zuba gram ɗari biyu na ganye tare da bokitin ruwa, an dage a kalla a rana.
Kamar yadda kake gani daga sama, baƙar fata rasberi yana nufin haɗakarwar da ta haɗu da dukkan mafi kyawun fannoni na blackberry da jan rasberi. Berries sun shahara ba kawai don dandano mai kyau ba, amma har ma da magungunan su. Ana rarrabe bushes ta babban aiki, rashin tsari. Sabili da haka, ba zai zama da wahala masu farawa su kula da bakar berry ba.
Yanzu kun san abin da ake kira baƙar fata rasberi, kun san halaye da hanyoyin kula da matasan.