Amfani da ƙasa kowace shekara don noman albarkatu iri-iri yana ɓata ƙasa sosai kuma yana rage yawan haihuwa. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don biyan rashi na ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a ciki, mafi shahara shine shuka ciyawar kore. Amma ta yaya kuma yaushe za a shuka su, lokacin da za a binne su, Shin zai yiwu a dasa su a lokacin faduwa ko kuwa ya fi kyau a shuka su a cikin bazara? Za ku sami amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin a ƙasa.
Menene siderates
Siderata ana kiranta shuke-shuke waɗanda ke da ikon dawo da tsarin ƙasa, wadatar da shi tare da abubuwa masu mahimmanci, ba tare da shuke-shuke na yau da kullun na kowane irin amfanin gona ba zai yiwu ba.
Bambancin gandun daji shine cewa a cikin kankanin lokaci yana yiwuwa a sami takin kore na musamman, mai wadataccen abubuwa masu amfani:
- nitrogen;
- alli;
- tutiya;
- magnesium;
- ƙarfe da sauransu. dr.
Baya ga kara haihuwa, albarkatun taki kore kawar da pathogens, taimaka rabu da larvae da kwari.
Bayan da aka gano cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta akan lambun yanayi, kawai ya zama dole a gyara ƙasar. Yin amfani da taki kore don wannan dalili yana da araha kuma mai sauƙi.
Ribobi da fursunoni na saukowa
Kuna iya kimanta fa'idodin koren taki kore ta kyawawan abubuwan su:
- yin amfani da tsire-tsire na gandun daji don warkarwa ƙasa tsari ne na ɗabi'a, wanda ke nuna aminci;
- sabunta haihuwa da inganta tsarin yana faruwa ne a cikin 'yan watanni kawai (kafin bazuwar koren abu);
- rigakafin yashwa ciki;
- nau'in hadi karbu ne daga kananan halittu masu rai a cikin kasa;
- taki kore takin ci gaban ciyayi;
- tsarin tushen amfanin gona mai zurfin zurfafawa yana sanya ƙasa sakat, ta haka yana ƙara iska da danshi mai danshi;
- an tono korayen taki kore akan shafin, babu buƙatar tattara su, ɗauke dasu, rarraba su akan gonar;
- noman ƙasar tare da koren takin zamani yana tsabtace daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa, spores, larvae na kwari da parasites ɗin kansu.
A cikin tattaunawar lambu, akwai kuma sharhi mara kyau game da amfani da shuke-shuke da takin gargajiya. Misali, lokacin dasa shuki mai ɗanɗano, ana lura da dashen harbe har tsawon shekaru. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan al'ada tana da kyau, don haka ba zai yiwu a cire ciyawar a cikin shekara guda ba. Wani yayi la'akari da wannan cutar kuma ya fi son ganyaye na shekara-shekara.
A wannan yanayin, Shawara ɗaya kawai take - kafin shuka, kuna buƙatar fahimtar kanku da halaye na taki kore, sannan kawai ku yanke shawara game da amfani da shi.
Rashin dacewar sun hada da cikakken kiyaye sharuɗɗan girbi kore.
Idan kun dage har zuwa samuwar iri, baza ku sami damar samun taki mai inganci ba... A wannan matakin, mai tushe ya zama mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci kar a rasa farkon fure, lokacin da aka cika shuka da matsakaicin adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta kuma yana kula da kyakkyawan tsarin tushe da ganyaye.
Iri-iri na gefe da ka'idojin dasa su
Man radish
Al'adar tana da kyau, abinci, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman taki kore. Ciyawar tana wadatar da ƙasa tare da humus da ƙwayoyin halitta. Kasancewar mayuka masu mahimmanci a cikin abun yana ba da tasiri na hana kwari da cututtukan fungal. Ana amfani da radish na mai a yaƙi da wireworm da nematode.
Shuka ciyawar kore an shirya daga bazara zuwa kaka. Babu wata buƙata ta musamman don ƙasa, amma al'adun ba su da kyau ga yanayin mai guba.
Kuna buƙatar yanke ganye don amfani dashi azaman makonni 5-7 na lokacin girbi. Dole ne a kammala tsabtace lokacin kaka makonni 2 kafin ƙasa ta daskare. Zai fi kyau a rufe shi a cikin ƙasa tare da shebur ko mai noma.
Shekarar shekara
Daya daga cikin shahararrun tsirrai masu bada umarni a gidansu na bazara shine hatsin rai. Al'adar ba ta da kyau ga nau'in ƙasa, yana jure yanayin bushe. Techniquesananan dabarun aikin gona suna haɓaka abubuwan amfani da takin kore mai amfani:
- sauƙaƙa ƙasa mai yawa;
- danne ciyawa;
- yana hana fungal spores, yana taimakawa wajen kawar da nematode;
- yana kara yawan kasar gona.
An shirya shuka daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa 20 ga Satumba. Kwayar kore tana ginawa da sauri, tana haifar da dazuzzuka. Lokacin da tsayin koren ciyayi ya kai 15-20 cm, ɓangaren da ke sama an yanke shi kuma an saka shi a cikin ƙasa.
Phacelia don ƙasa mai kyau
Phacelia ba kawai kyakkyawa ce mai kyau ba, amma kuma tana da ikon sauƙaƙa ƙasa mai nauyi, wadatar da abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Wani fasali na shuka ana ɗaukarsa dacewa mai kyau tare da kusan dukkanin albarkatun lambu, don haka bayan yanke koren tsire-tsire, zaku iya shuka komai.
Ana yin aikin Shuka a cikin bazara ko bayan girbi (har zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta). Wasu lambu suna dasa phacelia kafin hunturu. Kowane irin ƙasa ya dace da taki koren furanni, furanni suna girma har ma a kan dutse mai cike da matalauta.
Fasali na shuka:
- ƙara yawan ƙarancin ƙasa;
- yana hana samuwar yashwa;
- yana kore kwari;
- tsabtace muhalli daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da spores.
Yanke ciyawar kafin tayi fure. Idan ana yin shuka kafin hunturu (a ƙarshen Oktoba - Nuwamba), ba a buƙatar yanka.
Hunturu da bazara sun zama fure kamar taki kore
Daga cikin mahimman halayen halaye na fyade akwai ikon danniyar ciyawa, inganta tsarin ƙasa, cika shi da ƙananan microelements.
Yana da kyau a dasa shukar bazara a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu. Ana yin yankan bayan kwanaki 35-45. An dasa fyade a lokacin hunturu daga watan Agusta zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba. Yakamata a yanke ɓangaren da ke sama kafin fure.
Lokacin dasa shuki tare da karas a cikin kayan lambu, an lura da ƙaruwa a cikin amfanin ƙasa da ƙimar tushen amfanin gona.
Aiwatar da mustard a lokacin bazara da kaka
Siderat yana fama da tsabtace ƙasa daga ɓarna, ƙarshen buguwa, ƙafafun baƙi da sauran cututtuka. Saboda abubuwan da ke cikin mahimmin mai, shukar tana tunkude kwari (nematodes, wireworms, da sauransu). Mustard yayi girma a kusan kowace ƙasa, da sauri yana yin koren taro.
Bayan sakawa, kasar ta wadatar da phosphorus, potassium, sulfur da sauran microelements. Kuna iya shuka shuka a cikin gadaje a kowane lokaci. Wajibi ne a yanke shi a matakin farko na furanni har sai kwalliyar ta samar kuma nan da nan ta nome ta.
Hatsi a cikin hunturu a gonar
A al'adu inganta kasar gona tsarin, wadãtar da na gina jiki, ya hana ci gaban weeds. Juriya mai sanyi yana ba da damar shuka daga Maris zuwa Nuwamba. Zyawancin spruce yana girma a matsakaici a cikin makonni 5-7, bayan haka an yanke shi kuma a saka shi a cikin ƙasa.
Lokacin da aka girma kafin hunturu, ba a yin digging.
Don haɓaka haɓakar hadi, ana ba da shawarar shuka tsaba a haɗe da sauran takin kore, alal misali, vetch.
Yaushe ake shuka lupine
Al'adar ta dangin gargajiya ne; an yi amfani da ita azaman taki kore tun zamanin da. Yana da tasiri musamman don amfani da tsire-tsire akan ƙasa mai yawa.
Lupine na sanya su sako-sako, masu wadatar potassium, nitrogen da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Bayan gabatarwar takin kore, ya dace a dasa kabeji, kokwamba, barkono, tumatir, dankali. Cikakken ruwan kore ana aiwatar dashi lokacin da ya kai wata 1.5. Wani fasalin lupine shine ikon sa don rage yanayin mai guba a cikin ƙasa.
Alkama na hunturu a watan Oktoba
Dasa shuki alkama podzimny a cikin ƙasa ana ɗaukarta kyakkyawan zaɓi don inganta ƙasa. Tsarin tushen tsarinta mai karfi yana dauke da kasa mai dumbin yawa, koren sinadarai tare da nitrogen, calcium da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Saboda abubuwan bushewar duniya, ana bada shawarar shuka alkama hade da sauran takin kore.
An shirya shuka don faduwa. A lokacin bazara, kafin dasa babban shuki (makonni 2-4), dole ne a haƙa ƙasar.
Tebur na kwatancen koren taki tare da kwanakin shuka
Kwatancen kwatancen koren taki | ||||||
Suna | ribobi | Usesananan | Lokaci saukowa | Makirci shuka | Shirya zuwa yanka | Al'ada iri (gr.) a kan saƙa |
Mustard | rage leaching na ma'adinai, loosens ƙananan Layer na duniya, m zuma shuke-shuke, sake wuya mai narkewa phosphates | ba za a iya dasawa ba kafin dasa shukokin tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna jan hankalin tsuntsaye | Maris-Agusta | layuka, dasa zurfin 3 cm, tazara tazara - 20 cm | 1.5 watanni | 300-400 |
Lupine | rami sosai a cikin ƙasa, sassauta shi, yana rage acidity | girma talauci a kan tsaka tsaki da kuma alkaline ƙasa, Yana son loosening | Afrilu | layuka, tazara tazara 20 cm, dasa zurfin zurfin 2-4 cm | 1.5 watanni | 300 |
Alkama na hunturu | yadda yakamata yana cire ciyawa, yana wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki | ba ayi amfani dashi ba kafin shuka hatsi, yana jan hankalin wireworm | Agusta-Oktoba | bazuwar, dasa zurfin 3-4 cm | tsawo na greenery 15-20 cm | 2000 |
Hatsi | loosens kasar, wadãtar da ita tare da nitrogen, alli, girma a cikin kowane yanki, mai kyau karfinsu da mafi yawan lambu amfanin gona | wani ɗan ƙaramin adadin koren taro, mai buƙatar shayarwa, rashin haƙuri da zafi | farkon bazara | a cikin layuka ko warwatse, zurfin nutsarwa 2-3 cm | 1-1.5 watanni | 1500-2000 |
Fyade (hunturu / bazara) | cire ciyawa, inganta tsarin ƙasa, da sauri ya girma greenery | yanke a lokacin da bai wuce makonni 7 ba, don haka yana tara gubobi a cikin kansa yayin da yake girma | Maris-Agusta | bazuwar, zurfin nutsewa a cikin ƙasa 3-4 cm | 1-1.5 watanni | 200 |
Phacelia | kyakkyawan tsire-tsire na zuma, yana danne nematode, yana wadatar da nitrogen, yana hana ci gaban sako | tsada tsaba | Maris-Agusta | a cikin layuka, zurfin zurfin zurfin 2-4 cm | 1-1.5 watanni | 120 |
Man radish | danne ci gaban ciyawa, tsaftace ƙasa daga cututtuka, nematodes, inganta tsarin | low nitrogen a cikin biomass, ba za a iya dasa shi kafin dasa kabeji ba | Afrilu-Agusta | shuka a cikin layuka, dasa zurfin 3-4 cm, tazara tazara - 15 cm | 1.5-2 watanni | 200 |
Rye | ya danne ciyawar, ya inganta tsarin kasa, ya danne kananan kwayoyin cuta | tsiron yana son danshi, saboda haka ya bushe shi da ƙarfi, ya fi kyau shuka a yankuna inda babu matsala tare da hazo | daga 25 ga Agusta zuwa 20 ga Satumba | bazuwar ko a layuka, dasa zurfin 3 cm | bayan samuwar koren taro | 2500 |
Lokacin zabar taki kore don lambun kayan lambu, yana da matukar mahimmanci la'akari da tasirin sa akan amfanin da aka shirya shukawa akan ƙasa mai lafiya.