Barkono barkono shine ɗayan shahararrun kayan lambu na yau da kullun. Daga cikin nau'ikan barkono da yawa, Claudio yana da ban sha'awa ga masu lambu, kamar yadda ake yaba shi saboda halayen ɗanɗano da ƙunshe da abubuwa masu amfani, bitamin da kuma ma'adanai a cikin abubuwan da ya ƙunsa. Ana iya samun bayanin wannan nau'in a cikin wannan bita.
Bayanin halittu da halaye daban-daban
Kwararrun masanan kamfanin Nunhems ne suka samu Claudio kuma yana cikin rukunin layin Yaren mutanen Holland na kayan lambu. Yana nufin farkon amfanin gona iri, tun lokacin da aka fara shuki daga dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse kusan kwana 80 ne.
Shuke-shuken yana samar da daji mai ƙarfi, tsayayye, matsakaiciya. Manyan ganye, launuka masu haske mai haske tare da ɗan ruɓaɓɓen fuska. Godiya ga girman ganye, ana kiyaye kayan lambu daga mummunan tasirin rana.
'Ya'yan itacen cuboid masu zubewa suna da kyakkyawa mai haske. A lokacin balaga ta fasaha, kayan lambu suna da launin kore mai duhu, kuma lokacin da suka nuna sun sami launi ja mai haske. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace ɗaya na iya zama 200-250 g. Dangane da fasahohin namo da yanayin yanayi mai kyau, ana yin kayan lambu masu kauri-bango, kaurin bangonsu yakai 12-14 mm. Juɓe-ɗamɓe tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano yana da ƙamshi na gargajiya na barkono mai daɗi na gargajiya, ba tare da ɗacin rai ba.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Barkono na Claudio yana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- babba yawa al'ada;
- kwarai da gaske halaye masu dandano da bayyana;
- makamashi ƙwaya iri yana nuna lokaci guda na farawar su da daidaiton girke-girke na barkono;
- yiwuwar girma, duka a cikin gado mai buɗewa da kuma cikin yanayin greenhouse;
- ikon iya daidaitawa da sauƙi yanayi daban-daban na yanayi;
- amincin gabatarwa yayin sufuri;
- 'ya'yan itãcen duniya iri-iri, ana amfani da sabo ne da gwangwani.
Baya ga mahimman fa'idodi na nau'ikan, akwai kuma rashin amfani, waɗanda suka haɗa da:
- exara dacewa don danshi na kasa;
- ƙananan saurin miƙa mulki daga ƙwarewar fasahar 'ya'yan itacen zuwa ta cikakken batawa.
Claudio barkono mai haɓaka fasaha
Ana ba da shawarar yin la'akari da wasu nuances kafin dasa shukar wannan kayan lambu a cikin lambun ku. Nomansa ya haɗa da wasu fasahohi kuma ana aiwatar dashi a matakai da yawa.
Dasa tsaba da yanayin girma na shuka
Barkori na Claudio yana bukatar girma ta amfani da tsire-tsire, samo daga tsaba, waɗanda aka shuka a cikin kwantena da aka shirya a kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu ko farkon Maris.
Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance mai halin sassauƙa da haihuwa kuma ya zama mai wadataccen abu.
Shuka shuki ya haɗa da waɗannan ayyukan:
- Kafin dasa shuki kuna buƙatar sanya a cikin ruwa na tsawon awanni 5, zafin jikinsa bai fi 50C ba. Bayan lokaci ya kure, saka su a kan mayafin da aka jika da ruwa na kwana uku a daki tare da tsarin zafin jiki na akalla 20 ̊С.
- Shirya kayan dasa saka a cikin kwalaye zuwa zurfin 1-2 cm, lura da nisa tsakanin sassan shuka na 1.5 cm.
- Yayi kyau zuba a rufe da gilashi ko fim mai haske don kula da matakin laima da ake buƙata.
- Domin tsaba su yi kyau sosai, kuna buƙatar sanya kwantena a cikin ɗakin, tsarin zafin jiki wanda yakamata ya zama digiri 24-26 sama da sifili... Yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa tsirrai kamar haske mai kyau, busasshiyar iska, ƙasa mai laima kuma ba za su iya tsayayya da zayyana ba, saboda haka ya zama dole a samar da kyawawan halaye, la'akari da abubuwan da al'adun suka fi so.
- Bayan kwanaki 15, harbe na farko zasu bayyana, kuma kuna buƙatar yin zaɓi. Wannan dabarar tana inganta samuwar saiwoyi kuma tana karfafa shukoki, yayin da suke kankance yayin da suke girma, kuma basa karbar adadin abubuwan gina jiki. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a hankali dasa tsiro zuwa cikin sifofi daban ba tare da lalata asalinsu ba.
- Sanya kwantena da shukoki a wuri mai dumi ka zuba da ruwan dumiba tare da yashe kasa ba, domin kauce wa ci gaban irin wannan cuta kamar kafar baki. Hakanan ya kamata ka tabbata cewa ƙasa bata bushe ba.
- Bada kulawar da ta dace ga shuka, wanda ya ƙunshi fesa tsire-tsire, shigar da iska a cikin ɗaki, shinge daga zane. Kuma a rana ta goma bayan karba, yi amfani da takin mai magani tare da urea da superphosphate.
A cikin kwanaki 60-70 bayan samuwar tsire-tsire, ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wuri na dindindin.
Dasawa don bude kasa
Yakamata rukunin yanar gizon ya bude, da rana kuma mara iska, kuma yakamata kasan ya zama mai haske, mai gina jiki da sako-sako da kyakkyawan yanayi. Magabata masu kyau sune kabeji, karas, beets, kabewa.
Don dasa shuki a cikin Mayu, lokacin da barazanar sanyi ta wuce, kuma ƙasa ta ɗumi har zuwa 13-15 C. Ana yin shuki a ƙarshen yamma, wannan zai ba da damar ƙwayoyin su saurin daidaitawa zuwa sabon wuri.
Babban matakai na dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa:
- Mako daya kafin a dasa yana da kyau a taurara tsire-tsire, fitar da su yau da kullun a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi na awowi.
- Zaba shayar da filin sosai, sassauta ƙasa da takin, amfani da sinadarin phosphate da potassium.
- Don kula da tsire-tsire daga benaye, ya zama dole a girke turaku yayin aikin dasa, wanda za a ɗaura da ciyawa yayin da suke girma.
- Shayar da tsire-tsire da kyau, ta yadda ba sa fuskantar ƙarancin danshi yayin aikin dashen.
- Tona ramuka masu lura tazara tsakanin raka'a dasa 40-50 cm, kuma nisan tsakanin layuka yakai cm 60. Zurfin dasa tsirrai yakamata yayi daidai da girman kwalaron tushen seedling kuma bayan dasa shi ya kasance daidai da ƙasa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa gandun daji ba su kusa da juna. Wannan na iya shafar samuwar shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- Shuka tsirrai tare da clod na ƙasa, zurfafawa cikin ramin kuma rabin cika shi da ƙasa mai ni'ima, yana da kyau a sha ruwa a cika ramin har zuwa sama yayin barin ganyen cotyledon sama da ƙasa,
- Bayan saukowa ciyawa da gonar tare da barkono peat.
Cututtuka da kwari
Barkono, kamar kowane kayan lambu, yana da saukin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka daban-daban. Don kar a rasa matakin farko da kuma sarrafawa don kawar da kamuwa da ƙananan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar fahimtar kanku da alamun cututtuka da yadda ake magance su.
Cututtuka na yau da kullun waɗanda ke barazanar shuka sun haɗa da:
- Blackleg, cutar da za a iya gano ta launin duhu na tushen abin wuya tare da murfin launin toka. A hankali, ruɓawa yana shafar tushen tushen kuma yana haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire.
- Lightarshen bala'i dauke mai tsanani fungal cuta. Ganye, tushe da fruitsa fruitsan itace an rufe su da launin ruwan kasa tare da kodadde koren yanki kewaye da su. A lokacin rani, wuraren da cutar ta bushe, a yanayi mai damshi sai su fara rubewa.
- Ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta mai iya haifar da cutarwar da ba za a iya kawar da ita ba ga bishiyoyi a matakin samar da tsiro. Yankunan baƙi tare da rawanin rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki da mai tushe, kuma akan fruitsa fruitsan --a --an - darkarfin dige-dige da iyakar ruwa.
Karin kwari mafi hatsari sune aphids, Colorado dankwalin dankalin turawa, mites gizo-gizo da tsirara slugs. Dole ne a yaƙi waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar kula da tsire-tsire tare da sunadarai.
Don hana cututtuka da hare-haren kwari waɗanda ke cikin jira a matakai daban-daban na ci gaba, kuna buƙatar yin aiki tuƙuru, kuna kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- a mataki na girma seedlings Yi amfani da ƙasa kawai sanye take da takin mai magani;
- aiwatar da tsaba, gudanar da tushen da kuma ciyar da foliar, wanda zai taimaka wa shuka ta jure damuwar da ke tattare da keta fasahar noma;
- lokacin shayarwa kar ayi amfani da ruwan sanyi, kazalika da guje wa yin ruwa da bushewa daga cikin ƙasa;
- kan gano kwayar cutar cikin gaggawa aiwatar da dukkan dabaru don kawar da ita, ta hanyar kula da dazuzzuka tare da wakilai masu kariya.
Bayan waɗannan shawarwarin, barkono ba zai kasance cikin haɗari ba, kuma an tabbatar da kyakkyawan girbi.
Saitin matakan kulawa da barkono
Lokacin girma barkono, kulawa yana da mahimmanci, wanda dole ne a yi shi bisa ga duk ƙa'idodi. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan na yau da kullun:
- gudanar da ruwa akai-akai, musamman a lokacin bushewa, tunda rashin ruwa na iya haifar da tsire-tsire, wanda zai haifar da mutuwarsa;
- sassauta ƙasa don haɓaka kwararar iska zuwa ga asalinsu da yawo da tururin ruwan iska a cikin farfajiyar farfajiya, wanda ke da fa'ida ga ci gaba da bunƙasa shuke-shuke;
- sako, kawar da ciyawa;
- spud barkono bushes a lokacin lokacin furanni;
- cire furanni na farko da manya, wanda zai taimaka kai tsaye na gina jiki zuwa samuwar shukar kanta da kuma sanya sabbin fruitsa fruitsan itace;
- cire 'ya'yan kishiyoyi da ganyen ƙananan tiers don tabbatar da samun iska ta kambi da kuma ɗumama ta da hasken rana;
- ƙulla mai tushe zuwa amintattun tallafi kamar yadda ake buƙata;
- don ci gaban al'adu aticallyara abubuwan gina jiki a hankaliamfani da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai;
- bincika dazuzzuka don cututtuka da kwari kuma, idan an gano su, ɗauki matakan da suka dace.
Barkori barkono yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi so tsakanin masu noman kayan lambu, tunda tsaba ta girma cikin nutsuwa da sauri, barin baya buƙatar ƙoƙari sosai, kuma bin wasu sharuɗɗa zai ba ku damar shuka girbi mai kyau, wanda ya bambanta da zaƙi da juiciness na 'ya'yan itacen.