Ofaya daga cikin mahimman yanayi don dasa shuki da yawa kayan lambu a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa shine hasken wuta mai kyau. Ba haka bane kabeji. Koyaya, tsananin hasken rana na iya lalata shuka, wanda zai haifar da kuna a jikin ganyen. Hanya ɗaya ce kawai ta fita - kuna buƙatar nemo wuri tare da inuwa ta fuska.
Shin ana iya dasa kabeji a inuwa?
Don tabbatar da yanayin girma na yau da kullun, ana bada shawara don gano waɗanne irin albarkatu za su bunƙasa a cikin inuwa. Misali, kabeji, farin kabeji ko farin kabeji, ba kamar masara da ƙwai ba, suna jin daɗi a ƙarƙashin inuwar bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace idan ya zo yankunan kudanci. Kuma tsire-tsire ya amsa da kyau ga ƙananan yanayin zafi. Tsirrai suna yin hanya zuwa farfajiyar ƙasa tare da mai nuna alamar kawai + 3 ° only, kodayake mafi kyawun ci gaban harbe yana faruwa a + 20 ° С... Amma zafin jikin da ke sama da digiri 25 yayi mummunan tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin 'ya'yan, ƙananan ganye suna faɗuwa, kuma kyallen takarda na sama suna da ƙarfi sosai. Sabili da haka, ana ɗaukar inuwa a fili larura a barga mai tsayi. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, ya zama dole a dasa a wuraren da ke buɗe don hasken rana; a cikin inuwa, shukar tana ciyar da kuzari da yawa akan ci gaba, wanda ke bayyana kansa cikin ɗan hana ci gaba.
Ina wuri mafi kyau don shuka?
Zai fi kyau a shirya gado don kabeji a wurin da aka shuka cucumber, tumatir, dankali, albasa, da kuma umesaƙƙun ƙwarya a kakar da ta gabata. Kuma bayan beets, turnips da radishes, ya kamata ka ba shuka kabeji seedlings. A matsayinta na maƙwabta, tana son ƙwaya (wake, wake), tumatir, gwoza, albasa, da tafarnuwa. Ana ba da shawarar shirya gadaje daga gabas zuwa yamma, an yarda da ƙaramar inuwa.
Soilasa ya kamata ya zama mai amfani, amma ba mai yawa ba, ana lura da kyakkyawan sakamako yayin noman kayan lambu a kan loam da ƙasa mai laka.
Mafi shaharar iri, shuka shuka
Zaɓin tsire-tsire na kabeji babba ne, amma akwai nau'ikan da aka gwada lokaci-lokaci waɗanda aka rarrabe su da kyawawan ƙwayoyi da juriya ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau, musamman ma a farkon bazara. Shugabannin shahararrun mutane sune:
- Tsarki ya tabbata - matsakaicin lokacin girbi, nauyin kai daga 2 zuwa 4,5, diamita kimanin 25 cm, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga 1 m2 har zuwa kilogiram 12;
- Moscow ta makara - lokacin girma har zuwa kwanaki 150, matsakaicin nauyin fruita fruitan 7 kg, yawan amfanin ƙasa daga 1 m2 har zuwa 15 kg;
- Yuni - yayi girma a cikin kwanaki 90-120, nauyin kai yana kan matsakaita 2.5 kg, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da 7 kg ta 1 m2;
- Yanzu - kawunan kabeji sun yi girma a cikin kwanaki 120-135, matsakaicin nauyin kai ya kai kilogiram 3.5, yawan amfanin daga 1 m2 ya kai kilogiram 10;
- Amager - lokacin girma har zuwa kwanaki 140, matsakaicin nauyin kai ya kai kilogiram 3-3.5, daga 1 m2 har zuwa kilogiram 7 na amfanin gona an cire.
Bude dokokin dasa kasa
Daidai dasa shuki yasa girbin girbi na gaba. Lokacin aiwatar da aiki, yana da daraja la'akari da mahimman abubuwan da suka shafi ciyawar shuka da frua fruan itace.
Da 'yancin zabi na seedlings
Don dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, an zaɓi tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kai 12-20 cm a tsayi tare da kafa ganye 5-7. Yawanci, tsirrai suna isa waɗannan sigogin kafin farkon Mayu (farkon iri) idan aka shuka a ƙarshen Maris. Ba abu mai wahala a shuka shuki da kanka ba, babban abu shine a samar da tsarin zafin jiki da haske mai kyau (aƙalla awanni 12-15 a rana).
Lokacin sayen kabeji, yakamata ku ba da fifiko ga harbe tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen.
Menene ƙasa kayan lambu suke so
An zaɓi fili don gadon lambu la'akari da ƙa'idodin juyawar amfanin gona da kusancin sauran amfanin gona. Shirye-shiryen farawa a cikin kaka. Da farko, suna yin tsabtatawa sosai, suna cire ragowar tsire-tsire daga ƙasa, sannan aka gabatar da taki (kwayoyin halitta ko ma'adanai), kuma a lokaci guda suna haƙa ƙasa zuwa zurfin aƙalla bayon felu. Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, dole ne a kulle gadon nan gaba don danshi ba ya ƙafewa da sauri. Saboda wannan, an daidaita ƙasa tare da rake (harrowing).
Kabeji baya girma da kyau akan ƙasa mai guba, saboda haka kuna buƙatar bincika ƙasa don matakin acidic. Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da takaddar litmus. Idan ya cancanta, an lalata ƙasa tare da garin dolomite ko nikakken lemun tsami.
Nan da nan kafin shuka, an tono gadon kuma an sake girgije shi.
Saukewa, lokaci, makirci da nisa
Kafin dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar tushen iri da za a bi da shi tare da mai magana, wanda aka yi shi da ruwa, yumbu da mullein. Sakamakon Layer tsakanin tushen tsarin da kasa zai kare kariya daga lalacewa. Kari akan haka, yana taimakawa cikin saurin rayuwa na shuka a sabon wuri.
An shirya ramuka masu zurfi don kowane tushe. Ana buƙatar ƙarin rami don cika cakuda, wanda ya haɗa da:
- 500 gr. humus (takin zamani);
- 1 tsp superphosphate (nitrophosphate);
- Art. tokar itace.
Dukkanin abubuwan da aka hada suna hade sosai da kasar gona ana zuba su a cikin ramuka da aka shirya, bayan haka ana shayar dasu da ruwa. An binne shukar a cikin ƙasa zuwa farkon ganye na gaskiya. Lokacin dasa shuki, sai a dasa tushen sosai da ƙasa ta yadda bayan an sha ruwa ko ruwan sama, shukar ba ta yin wanka daga cikin ƙasa. Distance da kuma shimfidar rami:
- farkon iri - 50-60 cm tsakanin layuka, 30-35 a jere;
- tsakiyar yanayi da ƙarshen iri - 60-70 cm tsakanin layuka, 50-60 cm a jere.
Wasu nau'ikan suna buƙatar ƙarin sarari, kamar Moscow ƙarshen 15, wanda aka dasa shi a cikin ƙirar 70x70 cm.
Bayan dasa shuki gadajen kabeji, yana da kyau a mulke tare da cakuda peat da humus ko ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka gyara (kaurin mai kaurin 1-2 cm). Aikin an fi yin shi da yamma ko a cikin gajimare.
An shuka iri iri na farko dangane da yanayin yanayin yankin, a tsakiyar layi wannan shine farkon watan Mayu, a kudu - ƙarshen Maris, farkon Afrilu. Bayan nau'ikan farko, ana shuka marigayi iri-iri, sa'annan kawai za'a dauke su don kabejin tsakiyar-kakar. Marigayi daɗewa yana haɗuwa da tsayi mai tsayi na kan kabeji, sabili da haka, a ƙarshe, ba za a bar irin wannan ƙwaya ba.
Kulawa bayan saukowa
Daga ranar farko bayan sauka, zaku iya fara kula da gadaje.
Shayarwa, ba tare da shi ba komai zai bunkasa
Kabeji yana buƙatar danshi, don haka ya kamata a kiyaye tsarin mulkin sha. Ana yin ban ruwa a tsakanin ta kwana 4-6 na yamma ko a cikin gajimare... Idan kun shayar da tsire-tsire a cikin zafin rana mai zafi, tsirrai zasu bushe daga hasken rana mai zafi. A cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali mai ɗorewa, yakamata a ƙara yawan ruwa har zuwa sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 2-3.
Bayan ban ruwa, ana bada shawarar sassauta kasar don hana haduwa. Don haka tushen zai zama mafi dacewa don bunkasa. Zai fi kyau a shafe saman gadajen, don haka danshi a cikin ƙasa zai kasance ya fi tsayi, kuma haɓakar ciyawar ba za ta yi ƙarfi ba. Layer na peat ciyawa 5 cm.
Top miya domin kare kanka da girbi
Lokacin da ganyen itacen da aka dasa ya girma, ana ciyar da kasar tare da maganin ammonium nitrate (gram 10 na ruwa a guga na ruwa). A matakin kafa ganye, ana gabatar da abinci a cikin kan kabeji: 4 g da guga na ruwa. urea, 8 gr. potassium sulfate da 5 gr. biyu superphosphate.
Gulma da sassautawa
A lokacin bazara, ana aiwatar da ciyawa kusan 3-4 da adadin sassauci iri ɗaya. Zai fi kyau a hada wannan aikin a aiwatar da shi bayan an shayar da shi, lokacin da kasar gona tayi laushi, kuma hadarin karyewar wani samari ya ragu zuwa sifili.
Don haka ciyawar ba ta damu da kasancewar su ba, ana ba da shawarar rufe gadajen da aka tsaftace tare da peat ko humus.
Jiyya
Bayan dasa shukokin, sai a baje gadajen da tokar itacen. Yana hana ɓarna da tutsar mamayar tsire-tsire. Sakamakon sarrafawa zai haɓaka idan ka ƙara ƙurar taba a toka.
Daga wasu kwari da basu da hatsari, za a adana kabeji ta hanyoyin feshi daga shigar da bawon albasa, saman tumatir, mafita bisa sabulun kwalta.
Kuskuren saukowa
Babu shakka, cututtuka da kwari sune manyan abokan gaba na amfanin gona, amma kuskuren da masu aikin lambu marasa ƙwarewa keyi yayin dasa kabeji ma na iya shafar sa. Daga cikin hankula akwai wadannan.
- Kabeji zai zama mara kyau (kusan babu shugaban kabeji) idan aka dasa shi a inuwa, inda babu rana ko kaɗan. An yarda da shuki a kusa da dogayen amfanin gona kawai tare da inuwar sashi.
- Nohon lambu ya fara shuka a cikin ƙasa ba shiri. Ba za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau ba idan ba ku fara wadatar da ƙasa da ƙwayoyin halitta da ma'adanai ba. Kabeji yana yin tasiri sosai ga takin mai magani, wanda aka gabatar yayin shirye-shiryen gonar kuma tare da ciyarwa na yau da kullun.
- Ba za a iya amfani da dukkan tsaba don shuka ba. Shuka ya kamata a daidaita shi kawai kuma a sarrafa shi. Wannan zai kara germination da ƙarfafa rigakafi na matasa harbe.
- Lokacin shuka shuki, wasu masu lambu suna amfani da ƙananan kofuna. Kusan ba shi yiwuwa a ƙirƙira magudanar ruwa a cikin irin wannan kwandon, kuma tsarin tushen zai bunkasa sosai. Don samun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da peat ko tukwane na filastik tare da ƙarancin akalla 250 ml don hatsi 2-3.
- Sau da yawa, lokacin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen fili, akwai tsawon rai na rayuwa a cikin sabon wuri. Wannan kuskuren yana iya nuna alamar ranar sauka. Ya cancanci kammala aikin makonni biyu da suka gabata, ko kuma daga baya, ganyen da ke kan harbi ya fara dusashewa har ma da bushewa. Lokacin dawowa na shuka ya jinkirta, kuma tare da shi cigaban kabeji.
Lokacin shuka shuka, kula da zurfin nutsewarsu cikin ƙasa. Lokacin da yake tsirowa daga zurfin rami, tsire-tsire yana ciyar da dukkan ƙarfinsa, sakamakon haka ana samun rauni mai rauni, mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Girman kayan lambu a cikin filinku abin farin ciki ne, wanda ke ba ku zarafin tara kwarewar ku. Koyaya, bai kamata kuyi gwaji tare da dokokin kulawa ba, in ba haka ba ana iya barin ku ba tare da amfanin gona ba.