A halin yanzu, ampelous iri-iri na manyan-fruited strawberries suna hanzari samun shahararsa, wanda ya ba da dadi da kuma arziki sosai girbi. Bugu da ƙari, tare da kulawa mai kyau, waɗannan tsire-tsire na iya zama ado na ban mamaki ga lambun da gida. Duk da haka zai! Bayan duk wannan, ana iya dasa Berry a gida ko da a lokacin hunturu, kuma furannin suna da launi na ruwan hoda mai ban mamaki.
Menene ammamakin strawberry?
Sunan wannan nau'in ya fito ne daga yaren Jamusanci, wanda daga shi ake fassara kalmar "ampel" a matsayin fitila. Wato, da farko, ana ganin irin waɗannan tsire-tsire a matsayin abubuwa masu ado waɗanda suke girma a cikin tukwanen filawa da tukwane kuma an dakatar da su daga rufi kamar kwan fitila.
Ampel strawberry yana da fasali da yawa, godiya ga wanda lambun a duk duniya ke ƙaunarta sosai:
- Babban bambanci daga wasu nau'ikan shine cewa irin waɗannan lambun strawberries suna ba da fruita fruita lokaci guda a kan peduncles da kan gashin baki;
- Yawancin nau'in strawberries ampelous suna remontant, sabili da haka, ana iya samun girbi a duk lokacin girma;
- Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da nau'ikan da aka nufa don noman a tsaye, wanda zaku iya yin ado da gidan ku kuma ku sami girbin 'ya'yan itace masu ɗanɗano da na' ya'yan itace. Ko mazauna birni na iya shuka irin wannan tsiron ta hanyar sanya shi a baranda ko windowsill;
- Yawancin nau'ikan suna bunƙasa a cikin ƙananan yanayin haske.
Yawancin lambu suna kiran irin wannan lambun strawberry curly, amma wannan ra'ayi yana da rikici sosai. Domin gashin-baki na shuka ya fara zagayawa a kusa da masu tallafi, dole ne a ɗaura su.
Babban matsalolin da mai lambu ka iya fuskanta shine sanya mutum da kuma yawan dasa shi:
- lokacin shuka shuki, ana shuka bishiyoyi masu ban sha'awa a cikin gadaje daban kuma ba'a cakuda su da wasu nau'in ba;
- duk bayan shekaru 2-3, dole ne a dasa daji zuwa sabo, ƙasa mai kyau tare da takin mai yawa, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itacen berry za su fara raguwa kuma shukar za ta rasa kayan aikinta na asali.
Shahararrun iri
- Tuscany - wannan nau'ikan ya kasance ba da dadewa ba, amma ya riga ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu aikin lambu a duniya. Karamin shuke-shuke, tsayinsa da faɗin sa ya kai santimita 25-30, saki dogon harbe, girman mita 1. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da girma ƙwarai, babba ne, mai tsini na yaƙutu-rubi, 'ya'yan itacen elongated yana da kyakkyawar ɗanɗano da ƙamshi. Irin wannan tsire-tsire zai zama abin ado na ban mamaki a ko'ina, kuma sakamakon da yake haifar da unlikelya fruitsan da wuya ya bar kowa ya shagala;
- Abinci na gida Shin wani nau'in kayan kwalliyar kwalliyar kwalliya waɗanda za a iya girma a cikin tukwane ko tukwane na musamman. Oliarfi mai ƙarfi da ɗanɗano ganyen duhu koren launuka masu dacewa ya sanya kananan ƙananan jan jayan kamanni mai kama da yalwa. Suna da kyakkyawan ƙanshi da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano;
- Sarauniya Elizabeth 2 - daji na wannan nau'ikan yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi, 'ya'yan itace suna da girma, nauyinsu zai iya kaiwa gram 40. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da siffar conical na yau da kullun, ana zana su a cikin launi mai launi ja mai zurfi, fatar ta yi sumul da haske. Theangaren litattafan almara yana da yawa kuma yana da ruwa, dandano mai kyau ne. Za'a iya maimaita 'ya'yan itace har sau 2-3 a kowane yanayi. Sarauniya Elizabeth 2 tana buƙatar sake dasa kowane bayan shekaru 1.5;
- Tauraruwa Cletter - wannan iri-iri an bambanta da kyakkyawan juriya ga fari da sanyi, na iya hunturu ba tare da tsari ba. Gandun daji yana karami, yana samar da adadi mai yawa. Pedwararrun suna da tsayi, amma ƙarƙashin nauyin berry suna lanƙwasa. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da daɗi sosai kuma suna da daɗi, suna da girman girma (Berry ɗaya na iya ɗaukar nauyin gram 60). Fatar wannan strawberry ja ce mai haske, kuma naman yana da ƙarfi. Kasancewar ƙamshi mai ƙarfi halayya ce;
- Fresco - lokacin 'ya'yan itace ya fara daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. A kan ƙaramin ƙaramin daji, ƙarami, an ƙirƙira yawancin maganganu, waɗanda ke kawo girbi mai albarka. 'Ya'yan itacen berry ba su da girma, matsakaicin nauyin su ya kai gram 20. Suna da dandano mai daɗi da ɗanɗano mai ƙanshi da ƙanshi mai ƙarfi, naman yana da ƙarfi kuma yana da m. Wannan nau'ikan yana jure yanayin zafin jiki kuma yana da kariya daga cututtuka da yawa.
Yadda ake shuka Berry?
Ampel strawberry shuki ne wanda ba sabon abu ba wanda aka girma a cikin tukwane ko a waje. Mafi yawan lokuta, ana ƙirƙirar abubuwa daban-daban daga ciki waɗanda zasu iya yin ado da kowane ɗaki ko lambu. Ko da kuwa inda irin wannan strawberries za su girma, ya zama dole a yi cakudadden ƙasa mai haɗuwa wanda ya ƙunshi:
- 4 sassan ƙasar sod;
- 2 sassan peat;
- 1 sashi mara nauyi rairayin rairayi.
Don inganta yawan haihuwa na ƙasar, ana iya ciyar da ita tare da takin mai magani kafin a dasa shi.
Don tsirewar ta daidaita da sauri kuma ta sami tushe a wani sabon wuri, kafin aiwatar da babban aikin, ana binne tsiron a cikin ƙasa kuma an cire shi zuwa wuri mai dumi, mai duhu.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka strawberries ampelous a lokacin rani, a lokacin da ke ɗaukewa daga tsakiyar watan Yuni zuwa ƙarshen watan Agusta. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sanya wannan shrub mai ban sha'awa.
Babban zaɓi shine don shuka strawberries a cikin kwandunan filawa ko tukwane:
- Don shuka ta ji daɗi, zurfin da diamita na akwati ya zama santimita 30;
- Da farko dai, an zuba magudanan ruwa na magudanan ruwa a kasan tukunyar, wanda ya kunshi kumbura laka, tsakuwa ko tubalin da ya karye, daga nan aka shimfida kasa a kanta;
- Ana sanya ɗanyen a cikin akwati, a hankali a ɗora shi da ƙasa a sha ruwa sosai.
Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, gashin baki zai sauka ƙasa lami lafiya. Suna da kyau musamman a lokacin fure ko 'ya'yan itace.
Shuka tsiro mai ƙamshi a cikin fili yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar hanyoyi da yawa don sanya su. Yawancin lambu suna ɗaura eriya zuwa trellis ko ƙananan shinge. Babban dokar da ya kamata a kula da ita tare da irin wannan shuka zai kasance don kiyaye tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka, ya kamata aƙalla santimita 30-35.
Fitaccen dala kuma sananne ne sosai. A saboda wannan, ana yin akwatina uku tare da zurfin santimita 30-40, yayin da tsawon da nisa na farkon su ya zama mita 1, na biyu santimita 60, na uku santimita 20. Kayan kwalliyar da aka samo sun cika da ƙasa kuma an ɗora su a kan juna, bayan haka ana shuka strawberries a cikinsu.
A cikin akwatuna na farko da na biyu, ana sanya seedlings a cikin kusurwa. Strawungiyoyin strawberry guda ɗaya ne kawai zasu iya dacewa a saman bene.
Ba tare da la'akari da makircin shuka ba, matakin karshe zai kasance mai yalwar shayar shuke-shuke.
Shuka kulawa
Ampel strawberry an dauke shi tsire-tsire mara kyau, sabili da haka, noman nata zai kasance cikin ikon duka mai kula da lambu da ƙwarewa. Koyaya, wannan al'ada ma tana da nata halaye waɗanda dole ne a la'akari da su yayin haɓaka ta. Da farko dai, ya kamata a sani cewa irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa jure zafi da hasken rana kai tsaye, sabili da haka, a ranaku masu zafi sosai, suna buƙatar ƙarin inuwar su.
Shayar da tsire sau biyu a rana, ta amfani da ƙaramin ruwa. Lokacin girma da 'ya'yan itace, yana da matukar mahimmanci a kula da daidaito, dole ne ƙasa ta kasance koyaushe ta kasance mai danshi, amma ba ƙarfin ƙarfin danshi ba.
Idan strawberries tayi girma a cikin tukunyar fulawa ko tukunya, maimakon shayarwa, zaku iya zuba ruwa a cikin kaskon kuma saka akwatin a can na tsawon minti 30. A wannan lokacin, kasar gona tana da isasshen moisturizer kuma zata dauki adadin ruwan da ya dace.
Ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a wata, ta amfani da cakuda wanda ya ƙunshi ma'adanai waɗanda aka narke cikin ruwa, ana ɗauka daidai gwargwado:
- superphosphate;
- potassium permanganate;
- acid boric;
- ammonium nitrate;
- tagulla;
- tutiya.
Idan ana shuka strawberries a gida, dole ne a lalata su da kansu. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don aiwatar da waɗannan matakan:
- Ana tattara furen kan goga kuma a canja shi zuwa fure;
- Furanni biyu kusa da juna suna karkata zuwa ga juna;
- Hakanan zaka iya amfani da fan wanda aka nufi shuka.
Yankan
Wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin girma berries zai zama daidai kuma yankan lokaci, tare da taimakon abin da zaka iya cimma kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa:
- Don ƙara yawan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, ana bada shawara don cire ƙwararrun mahaɗan gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya;
- Gwanayen lambu sun ba da shawarar barin abin da bai wuce aji 5 ba a kan shuka, in da hali zai kawo karin girbi;
- Bayan karɓar 'ya'yan itace na farko, dole ne ku yanke ƙananan ganye da furanni na shuke-shuke.
Ana shirya lokacin hunturu a gida
Kodayake duk da cewa irin waɗannan strawberries suna da kyakkyawan juriya na sanyi, har yanzu suna buƙatar shirya don hunturu:
- Hanya mafi kyawu ta hunturu ita ce canja wurin daji daga ƙasa zuwa ɗaki, wanda hakan zai rage haɗarin da shuka zai daskare;
- Idan strawberry ya kasance zuwa hunturu a cikin filin budewa, to a wannan yanayin ana cire gashin baki daga goyon baya kuma an ɗora shi a ƙasa, bayan haka an rufe shi da rassan spruce, polyethylene, burlap ko wani abu.
Cututtuka da kwari na remontant berries
Ampel strawberry wuri ne da aka fi so don kwari iri-iri., mafi yawan lokuta zaka iya samun mite na strawberry ko nematode akan sa.
Lokacin da mite na strawberry ya bayyana, 'ya'yan itace suna bushewa kuma suna raguwa suna bushewa. Don kawar da kwaro, ana kula da shuka sau uku tare da shirye-shirye na musamman ("Nero", "Fufanon", "Actellik", da dai sauransu) tare da tazarar kwanaki 7-10. Idan magani bai taimaka ba, ya zama dole a datse dukkan ganye daga daji sannan a ƙone shi.
Tare da nematode, 'ya'yan itace sun taurara kuma mai tushe ya zama mai kauri da gajere. A wannan yanayin, ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da shukar; nan da nan aka tono ta kuma ƙone ta.
Hakanan, strawberries ampelous na iya ɗaukar cututtukan fungal, waɗanda kawai za'a iya kawar dasu ta hanyar amfani da fugnicides daban-daban. Rigakafin a cikin wannan yanayin shi ne cewa ana amfani da Berry da ruwan Brodsky sau biyu a shekara, a lokacin bazara da kaka.
Ampel strawberry shuki ne mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki wanda za'a iya girma a waje da gida. Babban fa'idodi na ƙananan zai kasance mai yawan 'ya'ya, wanda ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa an samar da ƙwayoyin a duka akan ƙafafun kafa da kan gashin baki.