Idan akan rukunin yanar gizon ku kuna son haɓaka yawan kwazo iri-iri tare da kyakkyawar ɗanɗano da bayyananniyar bayyanar, to digon zumar tumatir shine mafi dacewa da wannan. An gabatar da kwatancin da halayen wannan nau'in a cikin wannan bita.
Bayani da halaye na tumatir iri-iri Ruwan zuma
Irin Saurin Honey ya samo asali ne daga masu kiwo na Rasha. Yana nufin matsakaici farkon iri. An ba da shawarar yin girma a cikin yankuna tare da dogon lokacin bazara. Da yawa tumatir masu ceri, waɗanda aka girma a cikin greenhouses da kuma cikin filin saura.
Lokacin girbin shine kwanaki 110-115. Gandun daji suna da tsayi, suna girma 170-200 cm a cikin wani greenhouse, 120-150 cm a cikin gado buɗe. Ya kamata a kafa bishiyoyi zuwa mai tushe 2. Mai tushe yana da rauni, yana buƙatar ƙwanƙwasawa da tsunkule. Ganyen yayi kama da na dankalin turawa. 'Ya'yan itacen ba su da girma, suna girma cikin gungu na ɓangarori 14-20, zurfin launin rawaya. Suna da siffa kamar pear. Kowane fruita fruitan itace yana da nauyin gram 15-25. Suna da dandano mai zaki tare da dandanon zuma.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Wadannan fa'idodi iri-iri sune:
- dadi dandano halaye;
- babba yawa;
- duniya baki daya namo (greenhouses, bude gadaje);
- bambancin amfani;
- yiwuwar tara tsaba.
Rashin dacewar wannan nau'ikan sun hada da:
- bukatar daure;
- dole cire matakai;
- son yi zuwa fatattaka cikakke.
Shirya iri
Ingantaccen tsire-tsire sune mabuɗin girbi mai kyau. Shuka tsaba wajibi ne a farkon Maris. Yin amfani da iri ya fi shekaru 2 tsufa. Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a jika tsaba na mintina 20 a cikin kashi 1% na maganin manganese don maganin kashe cuta.
Wannan hanya wajibi ne don ƙara rigakafi ga cuta. Bayan aiki, dole ne a wanke tsaba da ruwan sha. An shuka tsaba a shirye don dasa a cikin kwantena.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Saurin Ruwan Tumatir ya fi son ƙasa mai dausayi. Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar haɗa ƙasa ta lambu daidai gwargwado tare da yashi, peat kuma ƙara ɗan toka don daidaita acidity. Dole ne a shayar da ƙasa tare da ruwan zafi mai ƙarfi na manganese don maganin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Shuka shuki da kulawa
An zuba ƙasa da aka shirya a cikin kwalaye oblong, an daidaita su sosai. Ana shuka tsaba ta latsa kowane 2 cm zuwa zurfin 1 cm. Yayyafa da ƙasa mai laushi, moisten tare da kwalba mai fesawa kuma rufe shi da gilashi. Ana fitar da su zuwa ɗaki mai duhu tare da zafin jiki na digiri 23-25. Gilashin ana cire shi lokaci-lokaci don saturate tsaba tare da oxygen.
Bayan kwanaki 5-7, bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, an cire gilashin kuma an juya shukar zuwa ɗakin da ke da haske. Kwana biyu na farko, tsirrai suna buƙatar ƙarin haske. Ana aiwatar dashi ta amfani da fitilu masu kyalli. A nan gaba, lokutan hasken rana ya zama aƙalla awanni 14-16. Shayar da tsirrai da ruwan dumi daga kwalbar feshi. Dole ne a yi amfani da suturar sama sau biyu - bayan fitowar tsire-tsire da kuma bayan ruwa. Don hadi, zaka iya amfani da maganin toka:
- ruwa - lita 1;
- ash - cokali 1.
Bayan ganye 2 sun bayyana akan shukokin, dole ne a dasa shi a cikin tukwane mai nauyin lita 1. Kafin ruwa, moisten ƙasa a cikin kwalaye da kyau.
Lokacin da ake tsire tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar tsunkule tushen tushen hankali. A lokaci guda, ƙarin adadin asalinsu na gefe suna girma, wanda ke sa tsiron ya fi ƙarfi.
Bayan dasawa, ruwa da takin yalwa. Idan akwai ganye 3-4 a kan shukokin, an dasa shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Makonni biyu kafin dasawa, dole ne a taurare tsiron. Ana yin wannan kamar haka:
- Kwana biyu na farko a cikin gida tare da tsirrai buɗe taga don awanni 2-3;
- Fitar da tsirrai a waje don awanni 3-4;
- kowace rana tsawaita lokaci nemo tsirrai a sararin sama;
- Bar kafin sauka a waje da dare.
Dasawa don buɗe gadaje
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin bishiyoyi a farkon Afrilu. Greenhouses suna buƙatar zama mai zafi sosai. Ana shuka tsaba kowane 65 cm a jere. A greenhouse dole ne a ventilated lokaci-lokaci. Idan akwai rashin wutar lantarki don shuke-shuke, dole ne a tsara ƙarin haske. Shayar sau ɗaya a mako. Bayan shayarwa, tabbatar da sassauta kasar.
An shawarci gogaggen lambu don shuka wannan iri-iri a cikin filin bude. An lura cewa saboda tsananin danshi da dasa shukoki na bishiyoyi, tumatir a cikin greenhouse kanyi rashin lafiya sau da yawa. An dasa shuki a kan gadaje a buɗe a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Mayu. Mun zabi gonar a cikin wani yanki na bude, da hasken rana da haske. Shuka tsirrai tare da tazara 60 cm tsakanin tsirrai. Bayan dasawa, ana bukatar a dasa shukokin. Gandun daji sun kafa tushe biyu. Ana ba da shawarar cire hanyoyin sau ɗaya a mako don kada su tsoma baki tare da samuwar ƙwayayen ƙwai. Watering ya zama matsakaici amma mai yalwa. Ya kamata a yi shayar kamar yadda ƙasa ta kafe. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata a daidaita shi da dumi. Bayan shayarwa, ya zama tilas a sassauta kasar ta yadda babu wani yanayi na danshi.
Yawan danshi a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da cututtukan fungal!
Dole ne a yi tufafi mafi girma sau uku. Na farko ana yin sa ne mako guda bayan dasawa. Za a iya amfani da takin da aka dasa shi a daka ko mullein a matsayin taki. A lokacin furannin, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da takin mai magani wanda ke ɗauke da adadin nitrogen zuwa ƙasa. Lokacin yin fruitsa goldenan itace na zinariya, tumatir yana buƙatar haɗuwa da takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi magnesium sulfate.
Cututtuka da kwari
Ruwan zuma ba shi da kariya daga cututtuka kamar:
- marigayi bugun jini;
- ruɓi launin toka ne;
- kafa ya yi baki;
Koyaya, kusa da wasu nau'in, yana iya kamuwa da waɗannan cututtukan. Don rigakafin, an ba da shawarar magani tare da phytosporin... A matsayin matakin kariya daga kwari, ya zama dole a fesa da bushes da maganin hydrogen peroxide. Jiyya tare da maganin sabulun wanki yana taimakawa sosai daga aphids.
Girbi tumatir
Ruwan zuma ya balaga kwanaki 100 bayan dasa shuki. Ana amfani da tumatir na wannan sihirin don gwangwani, za a iya shanya shi, a yi amfani da shi a cikin sabbin salati. Dandanon ta mai dadi ya sanya ta dace da yin jam. An dace sosai ga mutanen da suke rashin lafiyan jan fruitsa fruitsan itace da yawan acidity.
Ana rarrabe Saukad da zumar Tumatir ba kawai ta hanyar kallon sa ba, amma kuma ta yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma kyakkyawan dandano. Ko da manomi mafi saurin aiki zai gamsu da noman wannan iri a shafinsa.