Cherry mai daɗi, a matsayin itacen itace, an san shi tun zamanin da. 'Ya'yan itace masu' ya'yan itace da mai daɗi sune abin da aka fi so ga yara da manya. Daga cikin irin kudanci irin na kyawawan 'ya'yan ceri masu zaki Valery Chkalov - wakili mai haske tare da juriya mai sanyi. Za'a iya samun bayanin wannan nau'in a ƙasa.
Bayani game da nau'in ceri Valery Chkalov
Cheraƙan ceri mai ɗanɗano iri iri, wanda aka samo a cikin 1953 daga masu shayarwa M.T. Oratovsky da S.V. Zhukov. An ƙaddamar da zaɓin ne ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar tashar tashar Jirgin Gwajin Melitopol mai suna bayan V.I M.F. Sidorenko da Cibiyar Nazarin Halitta ta Tsakiya. I.V. Michurin. Pollinator - Caucasian Pink ceri.
An sanya nau'ikan ne bayan ƙwaƙwalwar matukin jirgi na Soviet Valery Chkalov.
Bambance-bambancen suna girma a cikin yanayi mai yanayi mai kyau da yanayi. A cikin mummunan yanayi na yanayi da damina, iri-iri basu dace da namo ba. Tun daga 1974, an rarraba iri-iri a Arewacin Caucasus:
- Yankin Rostov;
- Yankin Stavropol;
- Jamhuriyar Chechen;
- Jamhuriyar Ingushetia;
- Karachay-Cherkess Jamhuriya.
Grey-launin ruwan kasa mai lankwasa harbe na zaki da cherries kai har zuwa 5 mm a giciye sashe. An hana ci gaban tsananin harbi ta hanyar datti... A cikin shuki na shekara-shekara, an bar ƙananan harbe, waɗanda daga baya suke samar da ƙashi.
Hardarfin hunturu da juriyar sanyi iri-iri, ya sa ya yiwu, a yanayin yanayin ƙarancin sifili har zuwa 24 ° C, ya rasa har zuwa 2/3 na furannin fure. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen adana yawancin amfanin gona. Zuwa mafi girma, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa. Manuniya da yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri-iri a cikin yankunan kudanci, a cikin shekaru 10 na 'ya'yan itace:
- Kirimiya: matsakaita - 62 kg, matsakaicin matakin - 174 kg;
- Yankin Krasnodar: matsakaici - 24 - 32 kg.
Halayen 'ya'yan itace
Manyan 'ya'yan itace burgundy, masu siffa ta zuciya. Pan juji mai ɗanɗano da mai daɗi, tare da babban kashi... Girman 'ya'yan itace daga gram 7 zuwa 9. An haɗa ƙaramin stalkauki ga toa fruitan.
Abun cikin abubuwa a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa yana da abun da ke gaba:
- 13.5% - kwayoyin bushe;
- 0.6% - acid kyauta;
- 10,7% sukari;
- 0.21 MG - ascorbic acid.
Nau'in iri iri ne na kayan zaki, ya dace da gwangwani.
Ab Adbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani daga nau'ikan
Abubuwan fa'idodi iri-iri sun haɗa da halaye masu zuwa:
- farkon iri iri;
- manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace;
- m da kuma dadi 'ya'yan itace ɓangaren litattafan almara;
- babban aiki;
- dacewa da gwangwani;
- hunturu hardiness da sanyi juriya.
Rashin dacewar nau'ikan sun hada da dukiya guda daya. - matsakaicin juriya ga cututtukan fungal.
Shuka shuka da barin ta
Don dasa shuki, an zaɓi bishiyoyin ceri tare da kyakkyawan aiki.
Saplings ya kamata ya kasance tare da sigogi masu zuwa:
- shekaru - 1 - 2 shekaru;
- diamita ganga - 17 mm ko fiye;
- rashin busassun baƙi;
- gaban rassa 3 - 4, har zuwa 40 cm cikin girman;
- bambanci a cikin launi na scion da rootstock a grafting site;
- tushe ba tare da lalacewa da ci gaba ba;
- babu rassan da suka karye.
Kyakkyawan ingancin tsire-tsire an tabbatar da su ta hanyar nurseries na musamman na yankin.
Lokacin da ake buƙata don dasa shukar cherries shine farkon Afrilu, kafin burodin ya kumbura... A wannan lokacin, dasa shuki yakan yi sauri saboda yanayin rana mai dumi na shekara. Ba'a ba da shawarar dasa cherries a cikin kaka. Shuke-shuke ba zai iya samun saiwa da sauri haka har hunturu.
Ba a buƙatar fasa ƙwayoyin da ke yankin rawanin ba, wanda daga baya zai haifar da sabbin harbe-harbe.
An kiyaye wurin sauka daga zane. Zaɓi gefen rana akan shafin. Ana buƙatar hawan wuri ko ana buƙatar hawan ɗan adam don dasa cherries... An dasa bishiyoyin pollinator a kusa don 'ya'yan itace masu kyau. An bar tazara tsakanin bishiyoyi har zuwa mita 4 ta yadda bishiyoyin za su iya nutsuwa cikin nutsuwa.
Abin da ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa a kan shafin ya zama ya kai zurfin mita 3 don guje wa ruɓewar tushe.
An shirya ramin dasawa a cikin kaka. An tono ƙasa kuma an kawo guga biyu na humus haɗe da ƙasa mai ni'ima. Tattalin ƙasa don dasa shuki, a nan gaba zai ba da asalinsu tare da abinci mai gina jiki.
Kyakkyawan ƙasa don nau'ikan iri-iri ne da yashi mai yashi, wanda ke ba iska da ruwa damar wucewa.
Lokacin bazara na shuka iri yana faruwa tare da matakai masu zuwa:
- Ana tona kasa daga rami da aka shirya, har zuwa zurfin 70 cm, 80 cm a diamita.
- Ana tura fika a tsakiyar ramin, don goyon baya da kwanciyar hankali na seedling.
- An kawo su kasan ramin takin gargajiya ta hanyar takin zamani ko kuma taki.
- Ƙaddamar:
- potassium sulfate - gram 100;
- superphosphate - gram 300;
- ash - 1 kg.
- Fertilara takin mai magani ƙasa.
- Yada tushen, a hankali dulmuya tsaba a cikin rami.
- Riƙe bishiyar rufe ƙasa, la'akari da wurin da ƙwarjin ƙirar ke sama da matakin ƙasa da 5 cm.
- Don hatta shayarwa ƙirƙirar da'irar akwati 5 cm zurfi.Yi ƙasa a cikin sifa a gefunan da'irar.
- Upulla wani seedling zuwa fegi.
- Ruwa da seedling ruwa - bokiti 2.
- Zuwa ciyawa peat kusa-akwati da'irar.
Yanayin girma
Saplings na farko shekaru 3 a kai a kai ruwa da sassauta kasar gona. A wannan yanayin, shigar ruwa cikin zurfin ya zama dole a nesa har zuwa 40 cm, ya kai ga asalinsu.
Wajibi ne don cika jadawalin shayar da ceri:
- kafin fure;
- bayan fure;
- kafin girbi a cikin makonni 3;
- a cikin Oktoba.
Ba'a ba da shawarar shayar da bishiyoyi a yayin da ake 'ya'yan itacen ba, saboda yiwuwar fasawar' ya'yan itacen.
Ana yin amfani da shuki na shekara-shekara a cikin bazara, kuma ya haɗa da ayyuka masu zuwa:
- rage daga seedlings a tsawo na 50 cm, tare da 4 - 5 ci gaba da kodan;
- rage daga gefen harbe 1/3;
- ganowa tsakiya reshe mafi girma fiye da sauran rassan da 20 cm.
Tare da raguwa mai ƙarfi na rassan shekara-shekara har zuwa 40 cm, ci gaban bishiyoyi na iya ƙaruwa, tare da hana 'ya'yan itace.
Kirkirar kambi a cikin bishiyoyi masu shekaru biyar ya daina, kuma datsa ya batun:
- tsayin itace har zuwa mita 3.5;
- tsakiya reshe da harbe-harbe na kusa, har zuwa matakin da ya fi kusa da reshe a kwance kusa da 20 cm;
- karfi da harbewadanda aka nufa cikin kambi;
- fi a tsaye girma rassan kwarangwal;
- gefen rassan rawanin.
Pruning yana shafar ci gaban ci gaban kambi kuma yana kariya daga kwari da cuta.
A kowace shekara ana buƙatar ƙara da'irar akwatin har zuwa 1 cm. Ya kamata a sake sabunta yankin da'irar lokaci-lokaci tare da murfin ciyawa... Hakanan ayi loosening da weeding. A lokacin bazara da farkon bazara, ana amfani da takin nitrogen, wanda ke hanzarta lokacin girma akan bishiyoyi. Ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da phosphorus da potassium a lokacin kaka. Ana buƙatar takin mai zuwa:
- urea bushe - 120 g;
- urea bayani - gram 30 na guga 1 na ruwa: Mayu - Yuni - sau 3, sai kuma sakin ruwa da shayarwa.
Don bishiyoyi masu shekaru huɗu, madauwari furrow ya ƙaru zuwa cm 40. Wannan shi ne saboda karuwar yawan asalinsu.
A wannan zamani, bishiyoyi na bukatar hadi:
- farkon bazara ƙara bushe urea - gram 150 kuma a zuba;
- a cikin kaka ƙara potassium sulfate - gram 100, superphosphate na granular - gram 300.
Bishiyoyi na shekara ta biyar na rayuwa ana ciyar da su:
- a cikin bazara –A kan guga na ruwa - gram 30 na ammophos; urea - gram 200 - a cikin furrow;
- a cikin kaka - don itace 1 - 20 kilogiram na humus.
Ya kamata a gudanar da takin rai gwargwadon lokaci da sashi don kar a jinkirta ɗaure harbewar itace.
Shiri na cherries don lokacin hunturu ya ƙunshi bishiyoyin fararen fata... Wannan zai kare bishiyoyin daga kwari da cututtuka.
Ana gudanar da wannan taron tare da dilution na abun da ke ciki don farin fata, a cikin zaɓuɓɓuka 2 don zaɓar daga:
- PVA manne - 2 tbsp. spoons, lemun tsami - 300 grams;
- ruwa - 2 l, madara - gram 100, jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da ƙura - 1 tbsp. cokali
Tabbatar rufe bishiyoyi tare da bishiyoyin spruce don hunturu. Kunsa akwati da kwarangwal da burlap. An sabunta da'irar akwati tare da sabon peat. Tare da kulawa mai dacewa da ci gaba, ana samun girbi na iri-iri bayan dasa shuki bayan shekaru biyar, sannan kuma kowace shekara.... Fruiting yana faruwa a farkon Yuni. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin gona na bishiyoyi 10 - 15 shekaru 62 ne.
Fasali na iri-iri
- Nau'in iri-iri shine tushen hadadden multivitamindauke da flavonoids, carotene, pectins, sugar, shima an wadata shi da abubuwan micro da macro.
- Cherry mai zaki magani ne mai kyau don bazara beriberi... Maganin gargajiya yana amfani da cherries a matsayin diuretic don magance cutar koda. Sautunan jiki, suna taimakawa wajen rage nauyi da inganta yanayin jiki.
- Godiya ga ceri berries, ganuwar capillaries suna ƙarfafa, taimakawa tare da cututtukan hawan jini.Saboda abun da ke ciki na coumarin a cikin cherries, an rage iyakokin daskare jini. Yana taimakawa magance rashin jini da samuwar daskarewar jini da alamomi.
- Za'a iya dawo da raunin ciki mai rauni ta ruwan 'ya'yan ceri... Yana kara kuzari tare da taimakawa ciwon ciki. Hakanan yana aiki azaman mai kulawa ta hanyar rage matakan cholesterol na jini.
- 'Ya'yan itacen suna da tushe iri-iri suna ba da gudummawa wajen daidaita aikin zuciya... Suna da tasiri mai amfani akan jiki tare da hangula da neurosis.
Cututtuka da kwari
Ofaunar cherries tana da girma sosai har tana jan hankalin mutane da cututtuka daban-daban tare da fruitsa fruitsan itacen ta. Dasa shuki koyaushe yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a gare su. Koyaya, kula da cherries ba zai iya ba da cikakken tabbacin kariya daga bishiyoyi daga duk masifu ba. Don kauce wa manyan cututtuka da kwari waɗanda cherries masu zaki ke haɗuwa da su, bayanan da ake buƙata daga teburin zasu taimaka a yaƙi da su.
Sunan cutar | Lokacin kamuwa | Bayyanar cutar | Hanyoyin sarrafawa |
---|---|---|---|
Ciwon ciki | Tsakiyar Yuli - karshen watan Agusta | Bayyanannun aibobi akan ganye. Faduwar ganye. | Fesa: 2 ml na "Skor" a cikin guga na ruwa; 3 g "Horus" a guga na ruwa (a lokacin bazara); |
Moniliosis (rota fruitan itace) | Dukan lokacin bazara, galibi a lokacin furanni. | Yana nuna kanta akasari a cikin ɗigon haske kuma yana fara ruɓewa. | 2 ml "Topaz" a cikin guga na ruwa; 3 g na Horus kowace guga na ruwa. |
Clasterosporium cuta (tabo mai rauni) | Duk lokacin rani | Bayyanannun tabo a cikin ganyayyaki, suna juyawa zuwa ramuka. | 25 g "Ridomila" a cikin bokitin ruwa. Gudanar da shafukan yanke tare da vitriol. |
Sunan kwaro | Lokacin bayyanar | Kwaro bayyana | Hanyoyin sarrafawa |
---|---|---|---|
Cherry tashi | Mayu zuwa Yuni | Worananan tsutsotsi a kan berries. | 10 ml "Fufanon" a cikin guga na ruwa; 2.5 ml na "Kinmix" a cikin bokitin ruwa. |
Cherry weevil | Mayu zuwa Yuni | Bayyanar kwari a kan furanni. | 8 g "Aktara" don guga na ruwa; 50 ml "Lepidocide" a cikin bokitin ruwa. Kona ganyen da ya lalace. |
Cherry shoot asu | A Mayu | Bayyanar furanni. | 1.5 g "Confidor" a guga na ruwa. |
Cherry aphid | Mayu zuwa Yuli | Neman adda a kan ganyayyaki da kuma kasusuwa. | 10 ml "Fufanon" a cikin guga na ruwa; Aikace-aikace: a kiyaye 200 g na tafarnuwa a cikin ruwa na tsawon minti 20. |
Kyakkyawan nau'ikan dama yana da babban rabo tare da mafi yawan masoya bishiyar 'ya'yan itace, saboda kyawawan halaye... Kulawa da kyau na cherries zai ba da kyawawan 'ya'yan itace ga duk masoya iri-iri tare da cancantar sakamako.