A yayin da ake narkar da amfanin gona, bishiyoyin rasberi kan tanƙwara daga kayan 'ya'yan itacen ko iska mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da wuya a sami' ya'yan itace. Don saukaka aiki, lokacin girbi, ana amfani da wata fasahar noma ta musamman - gyara tsirrai a kan tallafi, sanya a cikin hanyar jirgin sama a kwance ko a tsaye. A saboda wannan dalili, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da trellis na musamman, kodayake wasu masu lambu suna ɗaure dajin don raba gungumen. Yadda ake yin gado daidai don bishiyar rasberi da trellis da hannunka, zaka iya gano ƙasa.
Manufa da fa'idodi na trellis don girma raspberries
Da farko, bari mu saba da manufar trellis. Gaskiyar ita ce, mafi yawan zamani, nau'ikan da ke bada karfi na berry da aka bayyana suna da mahimman tsayi, kimanin mita 1.6-1.8, don haka wasu tsire-tsire ba za su iya tsayayya da nauyin girbi ba. Dukansu sun fi ci gaba da rassa na fruita fruitan itace, wanda, lokacin da berriesa berriesan itacen ya ,aena, sun nitsar. Ba za ku iya yin ba tare da garter na bushes da aka dasa a layuka ba., don wannan dalili, ana amfani da kaset. Yayinda ake shuka sabbin iri waɗanda aka dasa su a cikin ƙananan lambobi a sassa daban-daban na lambun, ana amfani da tallafi da goyan baya daban.
Fa'idodin amfani da trellis a cikin tsire-tsire rasberi bayyane suke:
- idan kun daure dazuzzuka, ƙananan rassan ba za su taɓa ƙasa ba, sabili da haka, farfajiyar berries da ganye ba za ta gurɓata da ƙasa ba;
- babu alamun datti akan 'ya'yan itacen bayan ruwan sama mai karfi;
- layuka na raspberries suna da iska sosaiwanda ke hana ci gaban cututtuka daban-daban;
- rasberi samun isasshen hasken rana, wanda zai ba da gudummawa ga daidaitaccen girmar amfanin gona.
Amfani da trellis a cikin lambun yana kuma sauƙaƙa kulawa da itacen rasberi kuma ya zama shinge. Bayan kun ɗaura dazuzzuka, ya fi dacewa don aiwatar da irin waɗannan matakan agrotechnical kamar yankan kayan gona, cire ɓarnar ɓarke waɗanda suka ba da 'ya'ya. Ya fi sauƙi a nan don shayar da shuke shuke-shuke, cire cikakkun 'ya'yan itace, da shirya bishiyoyi don hunturu.
Zaɓuɓɓukan ƙirar Trellis
Rasberi trellis tsari ne na musamman, wanda yake jere ne na layuka. Layi da yawa na waya na ƙarfe ko igiya mai ƙarfi an miƙa tsakanin su a wani tsawan tsayi; Hakanan ana iya amfani da ƙarfafawa. A aikace, ana amfani da manyan nau'ikan trellises biyu: layi ɗaya ko layi biyu... A cewar gogaggen lambu, nau'in trellis na farko an fi amfani da shi a ƙananan yankuna.
Single-tsiri trellis, hanyoyin garter berries
Babban mahimmancin tsarin tallafi da aka bayyana ana ɗaukar shi azaman riƙe rassa na rasberi tare da igiyar da aka miƙa ko igiya. A wannan yanayin Ana gudanar da garter berries a cikin hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- a cikin shugabanci na tsaye;
- a ƙarƙashin wani gangara;
- fan;
- sakawa kyauta na rassan fruita fruitan itace.
Duk hanyoyin da aka zayyana na tying suna yuwuwa akan nau'in trellis daya, idan aka gyara rassan shukar a wani tsari tsakanin layukan waya.
Baya ga gyara matsayin itacen shuke-shuken lokacin bazara, trellis yana yin wani aiki, yana shirya amfanin gona don hunturu. A wannan halin, ana narkar da tsirrai zuwa ƙasa kuma an ɗaura su zuwa layin waya na ƙasa.
A wannan yanayin, yayin shigar da trellis a farkon bazara, rassan daga shekarar da ta gabata sun lanƙwasa zuwa ƙasa kuma an daidaita su a sarari. A lokacinda ake girma, rassan willa fruitan itace zasu fara girma zuwa sama, amma budananan sauren zasu kasance akan babban harbi kusa da tushe. Wannan hanyar kafa daji tana sauƙaƙa aikin ɓoye gonar rasberi don hunturu.... Rashin dacewar hanyar da aka bayyana shine buƙatar gyara da ɗaura kowane daji. A kan karamin bishiyar rasberi, irin wannan aikin ba zai haifar da matsala ga mai lambu ba, amma a gaban babban shuka, ana ɗaukar buƙatar ɗaure kowane tsire-tsire mara kyau.
Hanyar hanya biyu
Don manyan yankuna na dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da goyon bayan layi biyu. Irin waɗannan ƙirar za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan da yawa:
- a cikin siffar harafin T;
- ƙwanƙwasa a kwance;
- a cikin hanyar V;
- a cikin hanyar wasika Y.
Hanyar trellis mai layi biyu ba kawai ta goyi bayan 'ya'yan itacen berry a cikin matsayin da ake so ba, yin amfani da irin wannan ƙirar yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar shuke-shuke.
Ana yin goyan bayan da aka yi la'akari a cikin layuka biyu na wayoyi a layi ɗaya da juna. Tsayin jagororin na iya zama daban. Layin na ƙasa yana nesa da santimita 50 daga ƙasa. Ana iya shigar da matakin saman waya a alamar mita 3, ya dogara da tsayin daji. Wannan zane yana hana kaurin shuka, yana ba da damar fuskantar harbe-harben fruita fruitan itace a wurare daban-daban, wanda ke hanzarta saurin noman.
Tapestry a cikin nau'in harafin T
Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ana yin fasalin da aka bayyana a cikin hanyar tallafawa masu siffa T. Babban abin da aka sanya don raƙuman irin wannan trellis ana ɗaukarsa katako ne na katako, bututun ƙarfe, da kuma ƙarfafa kayan gyara. Yawanci, irin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin ɓangaren sama suna tsaye tsaye da juna. Dole ne a kiyaye layuka na waya tare da gefen gefen katako... Yayin samuwar daji, ana sanya harbe a kan hannayen riga daban-daban na trellis. A wannan yanayin, ci gaban matasa ya fara samuwa a tsakiyar tsire-tsire, wanda kusan manyan bishiyoyi ba sa inuwa.
V-mai tallafi
Tsarin da ake la'akari dashi yana da jiragen sama guda biyu masu aiki wadanda suka karkata daga tsakiyar dazuzzuka zuwa bangarorin. A wannan batun, irin wannan trellis galibi ana kiransa layi biyu... An kafa tsire-tsire bisa ga makircin da ya gabata, amma nisan tsakanin gefunan jiragen saman aiki ba zai wuce mita 2 ba.
Y-siffa trellis
Wannan ita ce sabuwar sigar trellis don ɗaurewa da kula da shuke-shuken rasberi. Wani fasali na wannan ƙirar shi ne amfani da ƙyalleye da ruwan wukake., wanda ke taimakawa wajen daidaita ayyukan jiragen sama na trellis ta hanyar da ta dace a wani kusurwa. A lokacin rani, ana tayar da ruwan wukake, don hunturu ko kuma a lokacin bazara an saukar da su, wanda ya ba da damar gina matsuguni don kare tsire-tsire daga sanyi.
Yadda ake yin trellis da hannunka, girman kayan tallafi
Kamar yadda muka yi bayani a sama, ana yin duk nau'ikan trell na katako ko ƙarfe na nau'ikan siffofi tsakanin wanda aka miƙa waya a wani tsayi. Haka kuma tiers na waya na iya zama ɗaya ko guda biyu, ya dogara da nau'in trellis.
Don yin trellis a cikin hanyar jirgin sama na tsaye, ana tura turaran katako ta wata hanyar akan shafin kuma ana jan igiyar. Bayan haka, kowane mita biyu ko uku, suna haƙa ramuka tare da shebur ko rawar musamman na lambu. Ana shigar da ginshiƙan katako a cikin ramin zuwa zurfin mita 0.7, sannan layuka da yawa na waya (galibi uku) ana jan su kuma an kafa su a kan goyan bayan. Jeri na farko na jagorori an daidaita shi a nesa na santimita 40-50 daga ƙasa, na biyu a cikin tsakiyar ɓangaren harbe-harben daji, layin waya na ƙarshe ya kamata a sami santimita 20 a ƙasa da saman raspberries.
Rashin dacewar hanyar da aka bayyana shine buƙatar ɗaura kowane daji daban zuwa layukan waya. Lokacin amfani da trellis mai layi biyu, ana harbe harbe-harbe akan layuka na sama.
Lokacin shirya trellis mai siffa na T, ana yin juzu'i na mutum daidai da harafin T. A wannan yanayin, babban maƙalar sandunan katako ko ƙarfe ya kamata ya sami tsayin kusan mita 1.2-1.3. An haɗe memba na giciye zuwa tushe ta amfani da kusoshi (don kayayyakin itace) ko walda (don bututun ƙarfe). A kan babban rubutun na trellis, an saka layuka biyu na waya da ƙarin ƙarin biyu a gefen saman. Ta wannan hanyar yayin da ake yin nunannun 'ya'yan itacen,' ya'yan itacen za su kwanta a kan waya, amma tsakiyar bangaren bushes din ba zai fadi daga tsananin ba, saboda za a dasa shukokin shukokin a kan layukan kasan waya.
Babban abu don ƙera sandunan trellis na iya zama itace, bututun ƙarfe (kayan aiki masu kauri) ko filastik, anan duk ya dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa (kaya) daga amfanin gona. Madadin waya, zaka iya amfani da siririn ƙarfafawa, slats na katako mai kauri ko igiyar ƙarfafa.
Makircin dasa raspberries a kan trellis, shiri na gonar
Don samun kyawawan girbi na raspberries a kan trellis, ya zama dole a shirya ƙasar a cikin lokaci kafin dasa shuki. A wannan yanayin an dasa bishiyoyi a layi daya, wanda zai saukaka kulawa da al'adu. Da farko, suna haƙa rami mara zurfi, game da shebur bayoneti har zuwa tsawon centimita 50. A wurin dasa shuki, an kwance kasar gona da farar lambu. A wannan wurin, ana zuba ruwa a kan kudi lita 10 na ruwa ga kowane mita na jere, ƙasar da aka jefa daga tsagi tana haɗe sosai da takin mai ma'adinai masu rikitarwa da toka na itace (ga kowane madaidaicin mita na jere, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar lita gwangwani na toka da gram 200 na nitroammophoska).
An shimfiɗa tsire-tsire masu rasberi a nesa na santimita 25 daga juna, bayan haka sai tushen tsirrai ya daidaita kuma yafa masa ƙasa mai gina jiki. Don inganta hulɗa da tushen tare da ƙasa, an daidaita ƙasa sannan kuma a ban ruwa... Lokacin dasa shuki a farkon lokacin bazara, ana sare bishiyoyin don bangaren sama na harbi ya fito kimanin santimita 20-30 a sama da kasa, sannan a mulke kasar ta hanyar amfani da daddawa ko yankakken ciyawa.
Nisa tsakanin shuke-shuke baligi ya kamata ya dace da santimita 40, don haka ana shuka dasa shuki na shekara mai zuwa.
A lokacin girma, yayin da suke girma, rassa rassa ana ɗaura zuwa layuka na trellis waya... Kamar yadda muka riga muka fada, ana shigar da ginshiƙan trellis guda ɗaya a tazarar mita 2-3 daga juna (lokacin amfani da tallafi masu ƙarfi, ana iya ƙara nisan zuwa mita 4-5). Don ƙara rayuwar sabis na goyan bayan katako, asalinsu, wanda zai kasance a cikin ƙasa, an rufe shi da ƙoshin zafi ko ƙone shi. Lura cewa diamita na ginshiƙan dole ne ya zama aƙalla santimita 15, kuma tsayinsa ya kai kimanin mita 2. Don shigar da sakonnin, yawanci ana amfani da felu, sau da yawa takan zama rawar musamman. An sanya layuka na waya ko ƙarfafawa tsakanin ginshiƙan kowane santimita 50.
Kulawar rasberi: ciyarwa, shayarwa da kula da kwari
Babban kulawa ga raspberries yana farawa yayin bayyanar 'ya'yan itacen farko. A wannan lokacin wajibi ne a riƙa shayar da ƙasa lokaci-lokaci, sassauta hanyoyin, lalata ciyawa... Layer na ciyawa zai taimaka wajan kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa a lokacin bazara.
Na farko ciyar da raspberries za'ayi ta amfani da hadadden taki ma'adinai a farkon bazara. A wannan halin, ruwan da aka sake bayan narkewar dusar kankarar zai narkar da kwayayen da ke gina jiki kuma zai saukaka jana'izar su zuwa cikin kasa zuwa tushen tsirrai.
Na biyu ciyar da berries da za'ayi a lokacin samuwar da maturation daga cikin amfanin gona. Na uku haɓaka ƙasa tare da abubuwa masu amfani ana aiwatar da su a cikin kaka. Lokacin shirya raspberries don hunturu, yana da mahimmanci kada ayi takin su da nitrogen, saboda wannan ɓangaren yana ƙarfafa ci gaban shuke-shuke. Game da don hunturu, ana ciyar da raspberries tare da cakuda potassium da phosphorus... Babu bukatar a kara yawan takin zamani a lokacin noman. Nutrientsarin abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa za su haɓaka ci gaban kore, amma ba za ta ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa ba.
Sun fara yaki da kwari da cututtuka daga bazara... Da farko, ana bincikar al'adu don lalacewa. Ganyen da digon da ya lalace ya yanke ya yanke. Sauran tsire-tsire ana bi da su tare da cakuda Bordeaux na haɗuwa da 4%. Ana amfani da wannan magani don hana cututtukan fungal. Ana amfani da magungunan kwari don lalata magungunan kwari akan gonar rasberi.
Wani ma'aunin kula da Berry da ake tambaya shine yankan lokaci... A yayin waɗannan ayyukan, an bar mafi ƙarancin tushe a shafin, sauran an yanke su. Kulawa mai kyau game da amfanin gona da aka bayyana, ba da ruwa lokaci-lokaci, ciyarwa da yankewa, ɗaure harbe a waya zai ba ka damar tattara girbi mai yawa. A cikin labarinmu, mun koyi yadda ake yin trellis don raspberries da kula da wannan amfanin gona. da fatan bayanan da aka bayar zasu kasance masu amfani, sa'a da kuma kyakkyawan amfani.