Naman kaza koyaushe mashahuri ne, sabili da haka, tare da hankali don zaɓar nau'in naman kajin, broilers kiwo na iya zama sana'a mai fa'ida. Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine Cobb broilers 500. Saboda saurin haɓaka cikin sauri a farashi mai ƙarancin abinci, wannan gicciye ya shahara sosai a Rasha da ƙasashen waje.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu yi magana game da bayanin kajin kaji na Cobb 500, halayensu, za mu koyi yadda za mu iya shawo kan cututtukan giciye na 500. Daga cikin sauran abubuwa, za mu koyi nuances na kiwon kaji na Cobb 500 a cikin gida.
Bayani game da nau'in broiler Cobb 500
Bari mu fara da halayen kajin Cobb 500. Ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan ta yanayin launin fatarta mai launin rawaya, wanda ke cikin buƙatun koyaushe tsakanin masu amfani. Tsuntsun ba shi da daɗi, ba ya buƙatar kulawa mai tsada ta musamman ko abinci mai tsada, a lokaci guda, ana iya aiwatar da yanka a cikin wata ɗaya da rabi, wanda ya sa keɓar broiler ya zama babbar sana'a.
Kaji gicciye cobb 500 an rarrabe su ta babban kundin tsarin mulki, manyan kuɗaɗe masu ƙarfi. Lilin yana da fari-fari. Kwalliya mai kyau da 'yan kunne ja ne mai launi ja. An kammala kan tare da babban baki.
Cobb broiler kaji halin 500
Saboda gaskiyar cewa ana kulawa da broiler don samun iyakar naman, ba a ba da shawarar a daidaita Cobb 500 a cikin gidan kaji na yau da kullun tare da tafiya ba. Yanayin mafi kyau duka don haɓaka mai yawa zai kasance kulawa ta waje ba tare da yin tafiya ba, ko zama a cikin keji ba. Lokacin da aka ajiye tsuntsu cikin keji, motsin tsuntsu yana da kaɗan-iyaka, sabili da haka ƙimar karɓar nauyi yana ƙaruwa.
Suna da saurin magana, ba masu rikici ba, kodayake, idan aka kiyaye su ba daidai ba, wasu samari na iya wahala da cin naman mutane. Dalilin wannan na iya zama haskakawar haske mai yawa, ko kuma rashin wadataccen abinci. A gaban waɗannan abubuwan, ɗaiɗaikun kajin na iya yin zagon ƙasa ga akeran uwanmu masu rauni, har zuwa mutuwa.
Cross Cobb 500 ana iya kiyaye shi duka a ƙaramar gona da kuma cikin manyan gonakin kaji. Lokacin kiwon kaji a cikin gonar reshe, yakamata ayi la'akari da cewa kajin na bukatar tsananin zafi da haske a kwanakin farko na rayuwa. Don samun ƙaruwa mai kyau, kaji suna buƙatar yin abubuwa akai-akai, wanda ba zai yuwu a cikin duhu ba, don haka ya kamata a fara haskaka kwanaki 14 na farko a kowane lokaci.
Bayan wannan lokacin, "lokutan hasken rana" an rage su zuwa awanni 18. Yawan zafin jiki na gida ya kasance tsakanin digiri 27-32. Dakin ya kamata ya zama yana da iska mai kyau, amma ba kyauta daga abubuwan da zasu cutar da kajin. Yakamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tsabtace wuraren don hana afkuwar lamarin kaji, saboda haka, kafin a shiga cikin sabon rukunin kaji, ya kamata a gudanar da aikin tsabtace gidan kaji, a shafa bango da rufi da lemun tsami, a sauya lalatattun abubuwa kuma a wanke masu ciyarwa da masu sha.
Halin nauyi na giciye
Daya daga cikin bambance-bambance a cikin giciye shine daidaito. Wato, duk dabbobin bayan sun kai wani zamani suna da nauyin daidai. Tuni wata daya nauyin kajin ya wuce kilogiram 2, kuma a tsuntsaye ɗaya da rabi a kan kimanin 2500-2600, kuma a cikin kwanaki 56 nauyin tsuntsayen ya wuce kilogiram 3.
Koyaya, yayin da suka kai shekaru 80, yawan ci gaban ya ragu sosai, saboda haka lokaci mafi dacewa don yanka kaji na wannan gicciyen yana canzawa kusan kwanaki 40-60, kodayake ana iya yin yanka dabbobi cikin kwanaki 30 daga lokacin haihuwa.
Kiyaye Cobb 500 bayan samari sun kai wata huɗu ba shi da amfani, tunda da yawan cin abinci babu kusan riba mai nauyi.
Girƙirar ƙwai na irin
An yi amfani da gicciye ta hanyar ƙetare nau'ikan irin su Cornish da Plymouth Rock. Baya ga manyan nau'ikan guda biyu, an yi amfani da wasu nau'ikan kajin cikin gida don samun hadin Cobb 500. A sakamakon haka, gicciyen da aka samu ana rarrabe shi da kyakkyawan nauyi tuni a makonnin farko na rayuwa, wanda zai iya adana kuɗi sosai kan kula da tsuntsaye.
Naman kansa yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, mai kyau don abinci mai ci. A zahiri, godiya ga tsallakawa mai wahala don samun nau'in nama, kyakkyawar broiler an bred, wanda, tabbas, za a iya ɗaukarsa, kamar kowane tsuntsu, amma rashin ma'ana ne kawai don fatan samun babban matakin samar da kwai. A cikin mafi kyawun lamari, yawan ƙwai daga ƙarƙashin mace ɗaya zai zama daidai da guda 2-3 a mako.
Kiwo, ba kamar ƙwayoyin ƙwai na kaji ba, broilers suna farawa sosai, ba a farkon shekarun watanni 7 ba.
Kiwo da haɓaka broilers na Czech a gida
A al'adance, ana amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu don kiwon broilers na Czech Cobb 500.
- Sayen ƙwai ƙwai a manyan gonakin kaji.
- Sayen dabbobi dabbobi yau da kullun.
Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa kiwo na gargajiya na irin wannan kajin ba zai yiwu ba.
- Kamar yawancin broilers, Cobb 500 gicciye ne, a wasu kalmomin haɗuwa ce daga haɗuwa da nau'ikan halittu daban-daban. Abubuwan halayen da aka samo ta wurin haɗuwa da dabbobi ba su gaji su ba.
- Dangane da rashin fahimtar yanayin uwa, kajin wannan jinsin basu da ikon zuriya da kiwon zuriya.
Tabbas, farashin ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai zai kasance ƙasa, duk da haka, siyan kajin da aka riga aka haifa, zaku iya ganin alamun masu kyau, musamman tunda ƙwararrun Cobb 500 suna da ƙimar rayuwa, wanda shine ɗayan fa'idodi na kiwon wannan gicciyen.
Adadin rayuwar kajin wannan nau'in naman shine 94-97% na jimillar, wanda ke da fa'idar amfani da irin wannan kaji.
Abubuwan da suka fi mahimmanci la'akari da lokacin kiwo Cobb 500 kajin.
- Yanayin tsarewa. Sakamakon ɗaukaka broiler shine samar da nama, yakamata yanayin kiyayewa ya zama mai dacewa da ƙimar nauyi da wuri. Tare da yawan aiki na ƙananan dabbobi, masu alamomin karɓar nauyi za su yi ƙasa, wanda zai rage fa'idar kiwon kaji.
- Yanayin yanayin zafi. Tsuntsaye ba sa iya tsayawa su cika abinci, zayyana, su yi yawa ko ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Idan kajin sun taru a wuri guda a cikin kewayon masu zafi, wannan yana nuna rashin isasshen zazzabi ga kajin. A yanayin zafin jiki mai tsananin gaske, kaji na zama masu rauni, sun rasa ci, suna fama da zafin rana, saboda haka yanayin zafin jikin da aka ba da shawara ga tsuntsaye ya kamata ya kasance a cikin zangon digiri 30, canjin canjin daga 27 zuwa 33.
- Yanayin haske. A cikin kwanaki 14 na farko na rayuwa, ya zama dole a tsara hasken rana ba dare ba rana, bayan haka akwai yuwuwar rage awannin samar da haske.
- Kyakkyawan abinci mai gina jiki. Kasancewar bitamin, abubuwan alaƙa da abubuwan haɓaka masu ma'adinai a cikin abinci don kajin dole ne. Abincin dole ne ya wadatar da furotin.
- Amincewa da tsabta a cikin ɗakin, inda ake ajiye kaji broller. Duk da cewa wadannan kazaman ba su da saurin kamuwa da cututtuka fiye da sauran nau'ikan kaji, rashin kiyaye tsafta na iya haifar da cuta har zuwa mutuwar wani muhimmin bangare na dabbobin.
Don ciyar da jarirai, zaku iya amfani da abincin kasuwanci PK-5 wanda aka shirya don ƙananan dabbobi, zaku iya shirya abinci a gida. Lokacin shirya abinci da kanku, ya kamata a lura cewa ganye, ƙananan bawo, alli dole ne a saka shi cikin cakuda don abinci mai gina jiki.
Da farko, ana iya ba kaji dafaffen kwai, cuku cuku. Abincin kwanakin farko ya zama mai sauƙin narkewa, la'akari da halayen tsarin narkewar abinci wanda bai balaga ba. Tare da ƙari na hatsi a cikin abincin, ya kamata a tuna cewa tare da haɓakar alkama a cikin abinci, matakin assimilation na potassium da phosphorus yana raguwa, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin cikawa.
Ya kamata a ciyar da kajin da yawa kuma sau da yawa. A makon farko na rayuwa, ana bai wa kajin abinci sau 7-8 a rana, yana rage yawan ciyarwar da rabin kowane mako mai zuwa, har sai tsuntsun ya kai wata daya, lokacin da za a iya ba da abinci sau biyu a rana - da safe da yamma.
Cutar cututtuka
Cobb 500s suna da sauƙin kamuwa da cuta da ƙimar rayuwa mai kyau, amma kuma suna iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban waɗanda ke shafar kaji. Anan akwai wasu cututtukan da aka fi sani da broilers.
- Dyspepsia Mafi sau da yawa, cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar ƙarancin abinci ko abincin da bai dace ba na shekaru, wanda kajin ba sa iya narkewa saboda ƙarancin tsarin narkewar abinci da kuma rashin enzymes masu buƙata. Cutar ta shafi kaji a karon farko bayan haihuwa. Tare da dyspepsia, ana lura da guba mai guba ta jiki, wanda ke bayyana kanta a cikin sifar ruwa na fari ko launin rawaya tare da ɓoyayyun kayan abinci waɗanda ba a lalata su ba daga asalin rauni da ƙarancin abinci.
- Ciwon ciki na huhu Zai iya faruwa a kan asalin hypothermia. Ana iya tantance shi ta hanyar tsananin numfashi tare da buɗe baki, shaƙuwa lokacin numfashi, miƙe wuya. Dole ne likitan dabbobi ya ba da magani, in ba haka ba mutuwar tsuntsu maras lafiya yana yiwuwa.
- Cutar Marek. Abinda ya faru a cikin broilers na iya kaiwa 85%. Kwayar cututtukan sun hada da ramewa, durkushewar fuka-fukai da jela, karkatar da wuya, da kuma wani lokacin cikkakke ko rashin gani. Cikakken ganewar asali ne kawai likitan dabbobi zai iya yi.
- Avitaminosis. Saboda saurin ci gaban su, ana iya jin karancin bitamin a cikin broilers sosai fiye da na kaji marasa nama. Don hana rashi bitamin, yakamata a wadatar da abincin kaji tare da bitamin yayin ciyar da kaji tare da abinci na musamman, inda abun ya riga ya ƙunshi adadin da ake buƙata na abubuwa masu buƙata.
- Ciwan ciki. Kumburi na kayan ciki. Yaran kaji suna da saukin kamuwa, ana aiwatar da magani tare da kwayoyi na nau'in maganin antibacterial.
- Aspergillosis. Cutar naman gwari ta shafi hanyar numfashi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, aspergillosis yana faruwa yayin da aka keta yanayin tsarewa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar fungus.
- Salmonellosis. Cutar da ke da haɗari ba kawai ga kaji ba, har ma ga mutane. Game da kamuwa da cutar salmonellosis, mutane marasa lafiya suna fuskantar yanka ba tare da amfani da su ba don abinci.
Hanya mafi inganci don hana masifa sakamakon cututtukan tsuntsaye shine bin ka'idoji. Kafin daidaitawa a cikin sabon rukunin kaji, yakamata a gudanar da shara gaba ɗaya tare da ƙwayoyin cuta da canjin canjin a cikin ɗakin, yakamata a wanki masu shayarwa da masu sha. Dole ne iska ta samar da iska mai kyau. Ciyarwa da ruwa ya kamata koyaushe a sanya musu sabo don kauce wa ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Takaitawa, ana iya rarrabe fa'idodi masu zuwa na gicciyen Cobb 500.
- Rage nauyin kiba cikin sauri cikin kankanin lokaci, yana ba da damar yanka broilers tun da wuri har tsawon kwanaki 30.
- Launin launin ruwan rawaya.
- Feedananan kuɗin abinci.
- Babban yanayin rayuwa.
- Ya dace da kiwo a cikin manyan gonakin kaji da na ƙananan gonaki.
- Susananan sauƙi ga cututtukan kaza na kowa.
- Yanayin daidaikun mutane masu shekaru ɗaya na mata da maza.
Rashin dacewar dillalai na wannan nau'in sun hada da rashin yiwuwar kiwo ta hanyar gargajiya ga tsuntsaye da rashin jurewa sanyi, wanda hakan ke kara yawan amfani da kuzari yayin ci gaban da ake samu a wasu yankuna a cikin yankuna masu tsananin zafi.
Tebur na rabo daga nauyi da abincin cin kaji na broiler
Da ke ƙasa akwai tebur wanda ke nuna a sarari nauyin nauyi da cin abinci don kaza mai nama.
Shekaru, kwanaki | Nauyin rayuwa, kg | Ciyar da abinci, g / rana | Ciyarwar abinci daga farkon ciyarwa, g / kai |
0 | 0,042 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0,052 | 14 | 14 |
2 | 0,066 | 14 | 28 |
3 | 0,082 | 15 | 43 |
4 | 0,100 | 16 | 59 |
5 | 0,120 | 22 | 81 |
6 | 0,142 | 25 | 106 |
7 | 0,166 | 28 | 134 |
8 | 0,193 | 31 | 165 |
9 | 0,223 | 35 | 200 |
10 | 0,256 | 39 | 239 |
11 | 0,293 | 44 | 283 |
12 | 0,334 | 49 | 332 |
13 | 0,379 | 55 | 387 |
14 | 0,427 | 61 | 448 |
15 | 0,478 | 68 | 516 |
16 | 0,532 | 75 | 591 |
17 | 0,589 | 83 | 674 |
18 | 0,649 | 91 | 765 |
19 | 0,712 | 99 | 864 |
20 | 0,778 | 106 | 970 |
21 | 0,846 | 112 | 1082 |
22 | 0,916 | 118 | 1200 |
23 | 0,988 | 123 | 1323 |
24 | 1,062 | 128 | 1451 |
25 | 1,137 | 133 | 1584 |
26 | 1,213 | 137 | 1721 |
27 | 1,290 | 141 | 1862 |
28 | 1,368 | 145 | 2007 |
29 | 1,447 | 149 | 2156 |
30 | 1,527 | 153 | 2309 |
31 | 1,608 | 157 | 2466 |
32 | 1,690 | 160 | 2626 |
33 | 1,773 | 163 | 2789 |
34 | 1,857 | 166 | 2955 |
35 | 1,942 | 169 | 3124 |
36 | 2,027 | 172 | 3296 |
37 | 2,112 | 175 | 3471 |
38 | 2,196 | 177 | 3648 |
39 | 2,279 | 179 | 3827 |
40 | 2,361 | 181 | 4008 |
41 | 2,442 | 182 | 4190 |
42 | 2,522 | 183 | 4373 |
43 | 2,601 | 184 | 4557 |
44 | 2,679 | 185 | 4742 |
45 | 2,756 | 186 | 4928 |
46 | 2,833 | 187 | 5115 |
47 | 2,909 | 188 | 5303 |
48 | 2,984 | 188 | 5491 |
49 | 3,058 | 188 | 5679 |
Cobb 500 broilers na iya zama kyakkyawan zaɓi ga duka ƙananan gonaki da kiwon kaji na masana'antu saboda waɗannan tsuntsayen ba sa buƙatar ciyarwa na dogon lokaci don samun nauyi mafi kyau, wanda ke da matukar tasiri dangane da fa'idar fa'idar fa'ida.
Ko da a cikin ƙaramin yanki lokacin bazara, ƙarnin 2-3 na Cobb 500 za a iya girma, naman wanda ke da kyakkyawar ɗanɗano da gabatarwa mai kayatarwa, yana jin daɗin buƙatun mabukaci.
Anton: Kasuwanci ne mai wahala, amma mai fa'ida sosai, ban yi nadamar lokacin da aka kashe ba (kuma yana ɗaukar mai yawa). Ya ƙunsa ta hanyar salon salula. An karbi kashin farko na kaji tare da taimakon incubator (Hen). Ya zama da kyau, saboda na cika bin shawarwarin. Kashi na biyu na guda 150 an siya a gonar kaji bayan an sayar da na farko.
Suna girma da kyau akan abincin dabbobi masu gauraya, ana sarrafa riba mai nauyi ta hanyar auna kashi 10% na adadin tsuntsaye. Nauyin ya karu kaɗan kawai a bayan ƙa'idar.
Ya tattara ƙwayoyin kansa daga kayan da ke hannun, amma bisa ga bayanin a cikin wallafe-wallafen musamman. Na sayi mashaya ne na musamman.
Gabaɗaya, na gama fahariya da taƙaitawa: yana da daraja aiki, saboda ba za ku sami nama mai inganci kawai ba, har ma da samun kuɗi mai kyau. Yanzu, Na riga na yi odar rukunin farko na wannan shekarar har zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu (babu lokacin da za a shaƙu da mai haɗawa a yanzu) kuma zan ɗauki wannan kasuwancin a hankali.Kostya Ufimtsev: Taso broilers don nama. Na gamsu da sakamakon: adadi mai yawa na nama mai daɗi. Isar abincinku, da siyarwa. Babban abu shine a bi ƙa'idodin kiwo kuma komai zai yi aiki. Mujallar Bird