Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun halittar kajin, babban kwadayin mafarkin yawancin masu kiwo, wanda ba safai a Gabashin Turai har yanzu, shine babban dutsen Jersey. Wadannan fitattun tsuntsayen sun sami karbuwa a hukumance ne kawai a rabin rabin karni na 20, amma aikin kiwo ya fara ne a karshen karni na 19.
Effortsoƙarin masu sha'awar da suka haye manyan kaji masu duhu daga nau'ikan halittu daban-daban sun sami nasara tare da nasara - nau'in ya zama mai karko kuma mai matuƙar nasara.
Bayani da bayyanar kaji
Wakilan jinsin kyawawan tsuntsaye ne masu kyan gani. Babban kan zakara an yi masa kambi tare da madaidaicin jan hakora haƙori shida. Loananan lobes da 'yan kunne masu launi iri ɗaya. Smallananan baki yana mai lankwasa sosai. Idanuwa launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu.
Kyakkyawan fuka-fukai, wuya mai ƙarfi yana haɗa kai da jiki. Masanan sun lura da doguwar doguwar tafiya, ciki mai karfin gaske, kuma tabbas, babban kirji. Wannan "bustiness" ya ɗan canza cibiyar ɗaukar nauyi, don haka tsuntsun ya sami girman kai.
Baya ya ƙare da jelar marmari. Haka kuma, a cikin kaji, ba shi da ma'ana sosai fiye da na zakara.
Abin sha'awa: Wani fasalin nau'in kuma ana ɗaukarsa mai ƙarfi, don kwanciyar hankali, ƙafafu masu faɗi da yatsun kafa huɗu.
Kaji sun yi kama da na zakara, girman su dan kadan ne, suna da kyau sosai.
Yanayi da yanayi
Halin tsarkakakkun halaye na wannan nau'in na Jersey shine kwanciyar hankali na tsuntsu. Koyaya, girmanta yana nuna wasu sharuɗɗa. Gidan kajin ya zama yalwatacce.
Yana da kyau sosai don samun yanki don tafiya yau da kullun. To kaji wannan nau'in zasuyi karfi kuma zasu iya kaiwa matakin mafi kyau a cikin lokacinda mizani ya tanada.
Dangane da wannan, ko yaya jarabawar da za a iya yi don tallata katafaren ɗan wasan na Jersey, mafi kyawun manufar irin shine gida da gyaran gona a iyakance adadi.
Bayani dalla-dalla
Wannan nau'in kaji ne na kaji wanda bai rasa ikon yin kwai ba, gami da wadanda suka hadu. Skillswarewar shiryawa ba ta da ƙarfiamma a wannan yanayin ba asara ba ce. Odungiyar ta ƙunshi kusan adadin mata da maza.
Girma da ƙaruwa
Lokacin balaga yana ɗauke da watanni 7, amma haɓakar mazaje mai girma ya ƙare da watanni 5.
Saboda dalilai na tattalin arziki, ana yanka tsuntsun Jersey wanda ba a nufin kiwo a wannan shekarun. Tsuntsayen zakara sun girma har zuwa shekara ɗaya da rabi.
A farkon fara samar da kwai, a cikin watan bakwai, kaji ya kai kimanin kilogiram 4, maza sukan kai kilogiram 5 a shekara, 6 kuma a shekara 1.5. Tare da shekaru, nauyin namiji na iya kaiwa kilogiram 7, amma wannan yana shafar ƙwarewar hadi.
Gwanin kwai mai girma na Jersey
Sabanin yadda ake tsammani, kwan kwai na babban dutsen Jersey ba shi da girma sosai: ƙwai na farko nauyinsu bai kai 60 g ba, waɗanda za su biyo baya - har zuwa 70. A cikin shekarar farko, kaza na iya yin ƙwai 180, kuma yawan ƙwai yake raguwa da shekaru.
Darajar sani: yawan abincin da aka kashe wajen samar da kwai 1 lokacin da nauyin da ya dace da nau'in ya kai kusan sau 1.5 fiye da na matsakaitan-nau'in kiwo da ke kusa a samar da kwai.
Wannan ya kai 180-200 g kowace rana idan aka canza shi zuwa hatsi. Saboda haka, a cikin shekarar farko don samar da kwai daya, ana buƙatar gram 360 - 400 na abinci mai hade.
Iri iri
An rarraba wakilan nau'in ta launi zuwa nau'ikan 3. Ga bayanin kowane ɗayansu:
- baki - nau'in asali wanda ya samar da sifofin dutsen;
- fari - ya bayyana bayan gabatarwar baƙar fata ta hanyar zaɓaɓɓu daga wakilan ƙirar;
- shuɗi - sakamakon tsallakawa da aka sanya a ciki, kamar fari, jinsi ne mai halaye na rashi, idan aka haɗe shi da baƙi, a mafi yawan lokuta ba a kiyaye launi.
Fasali na abun ciki
Girman tsuntsun wannan nau'in yana buƙatar haɓaka abinci mai gina jiki.
Ciyar kaji
Kaji har zuwa watanni 2 ana ajiye su a cikin ɗaki dabam, galibi a wajen gidan kajin, a cikin gidan maigida. Tun daga ranar farko ana ba jarirai dumi, haske da ruwa mai ɗimbin gaske (45 - 50 ° C).
Mahimmanci: wani abin farine na abinci na kwana ukun farko shine yolk na kwai mai tauri, yanki 1 cikin kawuna 20. Daga rana ta huɗu, irin wannan abincin an soke shi.
A ranar farko, kajin na iya rasa ci, wannan alama ce ta cewa ƙaramin abincin ƙwai na asali har yanzu yana cikin amfanin gona. Daga na biyu zuwa rana ta uku, ana fadada abincin a hankali, yana ƙaruwa ba kawai adadin ba, har ma da nau'ikan abinci.
Generationananan samari su karɓi sunadarai (daga ranar 4 ta rayuwa nama ne ko abincin kifi), amfanin gona na tushe, roughage (abinci da waina), abubuwanda ke dauke da sinadarin calcium (alli). A cikin cikakkun lambobi - daga 20 g a ranar farko zuwa cikakken abinci na 180 - 200 g ta watanni biyu.
Gina Jiki don matasa
Bayan watanni biyu, ana bai wa tsuntsun abincin da ya manyanta. Mazajen da aka ware don yanka suna samun ingantaccen abinci a cikin watanni masu zuwa - a wannan lokacin, haɓakar haɓaka tana faruwa, wanda ke tabbatar da fitowar kayayyakin kasuwa zuwa watanni 5.
A wannan lokacin, gina jiki mai gina jiki yana da mahimmanci, wanda ake samar dashi cikin sauƙi ta hanyar kiwo daga bazara zuwa kaka. Abin da ya sa mafi kyaun kwanciya don shiryawa shine rabi na biyu na hunturu.
Bayan an ajiye su a keɓe, kajin sun yi nasara a kan "gurasa kyauta" - mutanen jeruwa daidai suke kama ƙwaro kuma su sami tsutsotsi a cikin ƙasa. A cikin gidan kajin za a karɓa da nutsuwa - ƙattai ba sa fuskantar abin kunya.
Kaji kafin balaga ya kamata kuma ku ciyar lokaci a waje kuma wani ɓangare a can kuma a ciyar da samfuran halitta.
Shawara: abincin yana buƙatar dutsen dutsen, lemun tsami da alli - ban da samuwar kwarangwal, ƙarfin kwan kuma an shimfida shi.
Ciyar da kaji
Ana samarda yadudduka da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki, amma ya kamata a guji kuskuren gama gari: kaji wannan nau'in cikin sauƙin samun nauyi, wanda baya shafar haihuwa a hanya mafi kyau.
Tafiya a kullun yana inganta wadatar kayan abinci mai mahimmanci, ƙattai na Jersey kyawawan ƙoshin abinci.
Yanayin tsarewa
Tare da yiwuwar kiyaye katanga, farashin abinci a lokacin dumi an rage da kashi 70%. A lokacin hunturu, masu ita ne ke zaban abincin, abu ne na kowa ga duk nau'ikan, saidai kasancewar kasancewar dutsen bawo da alli a cikin wani feeder yana da matukar mahimmanci.
Kattai na iya nutsuwa canja wuri da kuma gyaran shekara-shekara a cikin gidan kaji... A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a tabbatar da wadataccen wurin zama ga kowane mutum - aƙalla 0.5 m2 a kowane kai. Bugu da ƙari, kuna buƙatar samun dama zuwa hasken rana da haske na wucin gadi - taga da kwararan wuta (1 a kowace 10 m² na yankin na ɗakin), da iska mai kyau.
Idan aka yi la’akari da girman tsuntsun, kwanciya mai taushi ne. Kamar yadda yake da wuri, ƙara bushe Layer a saman. Ana sanya rufi da gida a ƙananan tsayi, saboda tsuntsu kusan ba ya tashi.
A cikin gidajan, ana yin sket don ƙwai - kaji na wannan nau'in kaji ne mara kyau, amma suna iya tattaka ko su watsar da ƙwai.
Cututtuka
Daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa, ana aiwatar da rigakafin cututtuka - kaji na karɓar maganin rigakafi, daga baya ana ƙara magungunan antihelminthic.
Duk tsuntsaye suna da saukin kamuwa da mycoplasmosis, saboda haka rigakafi yana da mahimmanci: gujewa hulɗa da tsuntsayen daji da kiyaye tsafta a cikin gidan kaji.
An rufe shingen raga tare da rufin dutsen da aka yi da kowane abu. Wannan zai hana najasa da gashin tsuntsaye shiga.
Mahimmanci: a kowane lokaci na shekara, tarin toka ko wanka ya kamata ya kasance da yardar kowa ga kowane mazaunin farfajiyar kaji. Wanka a ciki zai hana ci gaban parasites a fatar da gashinsa.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani irin
Abubuwan fa'idodin da ba za a iya musantawa ba sun haɗa da:
- babban adadin nama mai kyau;
- sauri riba mai nauyi;
- dorewa zuwa mura;
- isa qwai;
- babba rayuwa ƙananan dabbobi (82 - 85%).
Rashin dacewar nau'in 'yan kadan ne:
- ya karu adadin abinci;
- karuwa yanki kowane mutum;
- bukata mai sana'anta canji.
Binciken mai shi
Wakilan jinsin sun bayyana a Rasha. Girman garken dabbobi, makiyaya suna rarraba ƙwai da yara.
- Sergey daga yankin Moscow ya cika burinsa - ya sami kaji da zakaru na wannan nau'in. Da shigewar lokaci, ya ba da umarnin zakara daga Amurka don takin mata daga Turai. Ya tabbatar da hakan tsuntsun yana bukatar abinci mai yawa.
- Leila daga Moscow ta lura cewa don cimma alamomin mizani, mai tsarkakakke daya bai isa ba, kuna buƙatar samar da abinci da yanayi mai kyau.
- Grey daga Tula ya lura cewa a lokacin sanyi, a zazzabin -30 ° C a waje da +5 a cikin gidan kaji kaji suna da kyau - daga 10 yadudduka 6 - 7 qwai a kowace rana.
Ana ɗauke da ra'ayoyi daga dandalin Farmer.ru
Don haka, ƙaton Jersey yana ɗayan kyawawan halaye na nama da ƙwai don yanayin Gabashin Turai. Abubuwan kirkirar sa, nutsuwa da juriya suna tabbatar da dorewar shahara tsakanin manoma kaji.