Inabi kayan ado ne na kowane gidan bazara. Kuna iya magana koyaushe game da kaddarorinta masu fa'ida. Ba tare da wata shakka ba, da wuya akwai mutumin da ba ruwansa da wannan tsiron. Domin inabin ya faranta masa rai tare da girbi mai kyau da dandano mai kyau, ya zama dole a dasa bishiyoyi a cikin ƙasa tare da shants ko tsire-tsire ta hanyar yanka.
Zabar wuri mai kyau don dasa shuki
Lokacin zabar wurin shuka, dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan masu zuwa:
- duk wani wuri na nunan inabi a cikin fili dole ne hasken da hasken rana kuma a kiyaye shi daga iska;
- bango na gida ko shinge a gefen kudu zai zama kyakkyawan matattara ga inabi. A lokacin sanyi, wannan zai ba 'ya'yan inabin karin dumi kuma zai kare su daga guguwar iska;
- kasar gona ya kamata mai kyau da ruwa da iska permeability, kuma yana da wadataccen abubuwa masu amfani;
- bai kamata ku dasa inabi kusa da bishiyoyi ba, domin kuwa za a samu gasa a tsakanin su na abubuwan gina jiki koyaushe;
- lokacin da ake shirin dasa inabi, yana da muhimmanci a tuna da shawarar cewa tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka ba kasa da mita 2.5 ba, kuma tazarar jere yana kusa 3 mita... Wannan zai ba da damar shuke-shuke su girma da bunkasa gaba daya. Bugu da kari, lura da dasa shuki daidai zai guji kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.
Ya kamata lokacin kaka ya sauka daga tsakiyar Oktoba zuwa farkon sanyi.
Amfanin shuki na kaka a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Dasa shuki a cikin kaka yana da fa'idodi da yawa:
- zaɓin tsire-tsire ya fi bambanta, tunda ana yin baje kolin don siyar da mafi kyawun iri a lokacin kaka;
- farashin kayan shuka ta tsari mai girma mai rahusa fiye da farashin bazara;
- ƙasa a cikin kaka tana da isasshen danshi, wanda ke sauƙaƙa kafewa da ci gaban samari;
- babu buƙatar ajiya, saboda haka haɗarin cututtuka ya ragu;
- ƙasa tana tara zafi a duk lokacin bazara, sannan kuma na dogon lokaci yana ba da wannan zafin ga tushen shukar, duk da sanyi;
- girma shuki a lokacin sanyi taurare tsire-tsire, game da shi haɓaka ƙarfin rigakafi. Bayan haka, waɗanda ke kaka za su iya jurewa sauyin zafin jiki zuwa -22 sauƙi;
- tare da farkon bazara, farkawa da haɓaka aiki nan da nan suke faruwa, ta hakan rage saukin kamuwa da cuta da kwari.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu rashin amfani masu yawa waɗanda dole ne a yi la'akari da su:
- ba duka iri ne ke haƙuri da yalwa sosai ba;
- lalacewar tsarin tushen ta rodents mai yiwuwa ne;
- zama dole yi la'akari da bambancin zafin jiki, Tunda dasa shuki na rashin lokaci na iya sa samarin inabi su daskare.
Hanyoyin dasa inabi a kaka
Kuna iya aiwatar da dashen inabi na kaka tare da tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire. Don samun girbi mai kyau, kana buƙatar zaɓar daidai shuke-shuke.
Don zaɓar tsire-tsire ya bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:
- Ganyen seedling ba kasa da 50 cm ba kuma zama ruwan kasa;
- Ana buƙatar tsari ɗaya ko fiye. Tsawon harbi ba shi da matsala;
- Dole ne tushen tushen ya bunkasa sosai kuma dole ne ya zama yana da manya da ƙananan nodes;
- Tsayin tsawon - ba kasa da 15 cm ba;
- Launin asalinsu fari ne, asalin kansa jika ne;
- Kada irin shuka ya kasance a rana;
- Launin ganyen innabi ya zama cikakken... Idan ganyayyaki kala-kala ne, wannan yana nuna cewa tsiron ya girma a cikin greenhouse. Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da taushi kuma ba za su iya rayuwa a lokacin hunturu ba.
Lokacin sayen shuki, bincika shi don cututtukan fungal da ɓarnar ɓarna. Dasa shukar ƙwaya mai cutar ba zai zama da amfani ba.
Dasa irin shuka - umarnin mataki-mataki
Kafin fara shuka, dole ne a shirya tsirrai bisa ga umarnin mataki-mataki:
- Kafin shiga jirgi, dole ne jiƙa shuki a cikin ruwan sanyi na yini ɗaya... Kuna iya yin wannan a kan windowsill a gida. Za a iya ƙara ƙarfin ci gaban tushen a cikin ruwa, amma wannan na iya zama mara kyau a kan itacen inabi yayin ci gaba da noman;
- Bugu da ari, bayan fitar da tsire-tsire don yaduwa daga ruwa, mun bincika shi a hankali, yanke saman koren taro tare da almakashi mai kaifi, muna barin kawai bai wuce idanu 4 ba.
- Yanke tushen ƙugiyar ta sama gaba ɗaya, kuma ku taƙaita tushen ƙananan kumburin da cm 1. Ana yin wannan aikin ne don ƙara haɓaka;
- Don hana cututtukan fungal, kafin a dasa shuki, a bi da tsirrai da magungunan antifungal. Don waɗannan dalilai, magani "Dnoka" ya dace.
Shirya ramin shuka don dasa itacen inabi
Wajibi ne a shirya ramuka mataki-mataki makonni biyu kafin a dasa. Tabbatar da la'akari yayin da kuke dasa inabi inabi m chernozem ƙasa... Faɗin rami a cikin diamita ya zama ba kasa da 80 cm ba, zurfin rami ba kasa da mita 1 ba.
Nisa tsakanin ramuka na dasa shuki ya zama aƙalla mita 2.5. Wannan zai tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaban daji kuma zai ba ku damar samun wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
Zuba Layer a ƙasan ramin fadada yumbu... Zai yi aiki azaman malalewar ruwa da kare tushen daga yawan danshi. An saka bututu a cikin layin magudanar ruwa, wanda da shi ne zai yuwu a aiwatar da tushen ruwa da ciyar da irin shuka.
Lokacin haƙa rami, ya zama dole a jefar da ƙasan, wanda yake 1/3 na ƙasar da aka tono, dabam. Za a yi amfani da wannan ƙasa don shirya cakuda mai gina jiki. A wani tari kuma, zamu ninka ragowar kasar. Na gaba, kuna buƙatar zuba ƙasa mai laushi na ƙasa mai nauyin 40 cm.
Shirya ƙasa kamar haka:
- baƙar ƙasa - 5 buckets;
- ash - lita 1;
- taki phosphate - gram 150;
- taki - guga 2.
Ki gauraya wadannan kayan hadin sosai ki saka su a rami. Bayan kwanciya, sai mu shayar da ƙasa mu bar shi na makonni biyu don ƙanƙan da ƙasa.
Ranar da dasa shuki ya zama dole jiƙa tsaba a cikin ruwan zuma... Zai zama mai motsa jiki na tushen ci gaban.
Gyara nesa da yanayin kulawa
Lokacin saukowa, mahimman sharuɗɗa sune:
- zurfin saukowa;
- yadda idanun sama na seedling yake;
- nisa zuwa noman rani na zuma.
A lokacin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shimfiɗa tushen sosai kuma a juya irin domin ƙwayoyin su kasance a gefen arewa, kuma diddigen tushen yana kudu.
Tare da wannan dasa, zurfafa tushen tsarin zai kasance 35-40 cm... Wannan zai isa ya hana saiwar daskarewa. Bayan zurfafa tsire-tsiren, sai muyi bacci tare da ragowar ƙasa, a haƙa daga cikin ramin kuma gauraye a gaba tare da yashi mara nauyi. Wajibi ne don cika ƙarin nuance ɗaya, godiya ga wanda tushen tushen zai ci gaba sosai.
A lokacin dasa shuki, ana fara saukar da asalinsu zuwa ƙasa sannan kuma a ɗaga su kaɗan. Wannan zai ba da damar tushen su daidaita sosai kuma su ɗauki matsayin halitta.
Dole ne a samo tushen karkatar digiri 45... Idan ba a bi wannan hanyar ba, asalinsu suna da nakasa kuma suna mutuwa. Sakamakon haka, har sai sabbin tushi sun girma, shukar tana dakatar da ci gabanta kuma shukar ba ta karbar abubuwan gina jiki daga kasar a wannan lokacin.
Sannan dole ne a shayar da tsaba. Ana shayar da ruwa sau daya bayan saukowa... Amfani da ruwa a kowace daji shine daga lita 20 zuwa 30... Ruwa yafi kyau ta cikin bututun magwaji. Wajibi ne don cire dukkan ɓoyayyun iska kuma ta haka ne za a samar da tushen da kyakkyawar ma'amala da ƙasa.
Bayan saukowa ya zama dole ciyawa ramin dasa wannan ana iya yin shi da rassan itacen Pine, bambaro ko sawdust. Kusa da shuke-shuke, ya zama dole a fitar da fegi kuma a ɗaura masa harbi tare da igiya mai laushi - waɗannan sune ƙa'idodi na asali na kulawa bayan shuka.
Ana shirya don hunturu
Bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole a shirya tsirrai da kyau don hunturu. Lokacin da sanyi ya zo, ya zama dole gudanar da ayyukan sutura... Idan inabin ya girma a cikin yanki mai dumi, misali, a cikin Kirimiya ko Krasnodar Territory, to zai isa ya rufe shi da ƙasa mai laushi, 30 zuwa 50 cm kauri.
Don hana rigar a cikin hanyar tubercle daga ruwan sama, an rufe shi da polyethylene. Ana ƙarfafa polyethylene a sama tare da allon don kada ya busa ƙarancin iska. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi, an rufe inabin da dusar ƙanƙara, wanda zai ba da ƙarin kariya daga sanyi.
A cikin yankuna masu sanyi, an kusanci rufin tsire-tsire tare da kulawa ta musamman. Su a nannade cikin polyethylene kuma an sa su cikin rami na ƙasa. Top an rufe shi da rassan Pine, sawdust ko hay. Koyaya, tare da dumamar shuke-shuke, babban abu ba shine wuce gona da iri ba. Inabi da aka rufe da irin wannan kulawa na iya bushewa lokacin da ɗumi ya faru.
Wani rashin amfanin ɓoyewa da wuri shine cewa a cikin ƙasa ana iya lalata inabi da entsaraye da ƙwari masu cutarwa. An shawarci gogaggun manoma su rufe inabin bayan sanyi na farko. Don haka, seedling zai taurare.
Girman kaka na inabi ta yanyanka
Kuna iya yada inabi ta hanyar yankan da aka samu yayin yankewar kaka. Bar kamar yadda cuttings lafiya harbe yana da shekara guda da shekaratare da cire gashin baki da kuma jikoki kuma aƙalla ingantattun ƙwayaye uku ko huɗu.
An ba da shawarar dasa cuttings daga ƙarshen Oktoba zuwa farkon Nuwamba. An dasa yankakke a wani yanki na musamman wanda aka shirya shi wanda aka shirya shi don shuka cuttwa don shuka.
Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance jika... Zai fi kyau shuka cuttings a cikin ramuka. An tona rami a gaba.
Faɗi da zurfin mahararen za su yi daidai da girman felu (a bayoneti). Ya kamata tazarar tazara ya zama 40 cm... Muna rufe kasan ramin tare da humus, dasa cutan a kusurwa zuwa ɓangaren kudu daga nesa 15 cm baya... Bayan dasa shuki, ya zama dole a sha ruwa da ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki.
A saman yankan da kake buƙatar ginawa firam 35-40 cm tsayi kuma shimfiɗa polyethylene akan sa. A cikin irin wannan greenhouse, za a kiyaye tsirrai daga iska da sanyi kuma za su tsira daga hunturu lafiya.
A lokacin bazara, lokacin da sanyi ya wuce kuma harbe ya fara bayyana a jikin yankan, to ya zama dole a bude polyethylene na wani lokaci dan iska ta shiga ciki. Da zaran an kafa zafi kuma babu wata barazanar sanyi, dole ne a cire polyethylene.
Idan aka bi duk ka'idojin dasa shuki, to lafiyayyen, itacen inabi mai ƙarfi zai yi girma daga yankan, wanda zai daidaita da sauri zuwa canjin zafin jiki da sauƙi kuma ba tare da asara ba ya jure hunturu.