Shiryawa da ƙwai kaza aiki ne mai ban sha'awa kuma mai alhakin gaske. Lokacin fara abun ciki na wucin gadi, yana da mahimmanci a bincika aikin dukkan na'urori kuma a tabbata cewa suna cikin cikakken sabis, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin mutuwar duk ƙyanƙyashe. Baya ga kayan aiki da sha'awar, yana da mahimmanci la'akari da wasu ƙarin nuances, amma abubuwan farko sun fara ...
Incubator
Asali incubator - wannan akwatin da aka yi da polystyrene (ko kuma analogous - an faɗaɗa polystyrene), na girma dabam dabam, wanda ya ƙunshi tushe da murfi. Babban ayyukanta shine kula da yanayin zafin jiki da danshi da aka sanya a cikin dakin; wasu samfuran kuma suna da kayan aiki tare da aikin juya kwai ta atomatik, wanda hakan yasa baza'a iya dogaro da kaza ba, wanda bayan an gama dasu, a daina sanya kwai.
Saunawa kuma abubuwanda suke zafi iska suna cikin murfi mai sakawa, kuma tankunan ruwa, samar da danshi da ake bukata, daga kasa. Qwai suna kwanciya kusa da kasan.
Lipwan ƙwai
Juya ƙwai muhimmin abu ne, ana aiwatar da shi:
- jagora hanya (mafi arha rukunin incubators, babban koma baya shine cewa dole ne ka buɗe murfin don juya ƙwai, kuma wannan yana haifar da tsallewar zafin jiki)
- inji (ya zama dole a ja kan waya a motsa mashin da kwai ke kwance a kansa, za su yi birgima kuma ta juya ta haka)
- atomatik (duk aikin yana faruwa ta atomatik ta amfani da motar lantarki)
Abun dumama
An shigar da abun dumama a murfin (saman).
Masana'antun Rasha sun saki nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan hanyar sadarwa guda biyu 220V da kuma haɗakar zaɓi 220V + 12V, wannan bambance-bambancen tsarin al'ada ne, bugu da equippedari an sanye shi da adafta don haɗi zuwa madadin tushen wuta (misali baturi). Abu mai kyau game da wannan bidi'ar shine cewa samarda wutar lantarki tana farawa ta atomatik lokacin da babban wutar lantarki ta gaza.
Kayan aunawa
Ubaddamarwa an tsara shi azaman tsarin fasaha mai rikitarwa, inda kiyaye zafin jiki da daidaitaccen yanayin ɗimbin iska ke taka rawar gani.
Wasu masana'antun suna kammala abubuwan haɗin da aka sayar ma'aunin zafi da zafi zafi da sanyin jiki... Wani kawai ma'aunin zafin jiki ne, kuma don wasu samfuran zaku sayi madaidaicin ma'aunin zafin jiki da mita mai danshi.
Girma
Dogaro da ƙwai ɗin da za a saka, masu haɗawa da gida (lodi har zuwa qwai 150) kuma masana'antu (yawan kwai a kowane tab hakika bashi da iyaka).
Qwai
Hanyar ƙyanƙyashe kaji ta fara riga tarin da adana ƙwai... Ba duk ƙwai ne na gida ya dace da zama ba, idan maƙasudin shine samun ƙoshin lafiya, offspringa strongan ƙarfi waɗanda zasu iya ci gaba da rayuwa cikakke, to kuna buƙatar yin ciki, la'akari da nuances masu zuwa:
- Ya kamata gidan kaza ya samu zakaramafi girman zakara yana zaune a cikin gidan kaza, ƙarfin ƙarfin mamayar ya fi ƙarfi
- Gwargwadon rawar da yake takawa kaji, hakan na iya faruwa 100% brood
- Bai cancanci amfani ba kananan ƙwai - kajin zasu zama kanana kuma masu rauni
- Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar ƙwai matsakaici kuma zai fi dacewa game da girma daya
- Tsagaggen kwai, dents, pimples, outgrowth ana zubar dasu nan da nan don abinci, siffar ƙwai ba daidai ba zata ba amfrayo damar ci gaba kamar yadda ya kamata
- Ba a yarda da ƙwai ba wanka ko shafawa, don tsaftacewa, kuna buƙatar shafawa da kyalle (misali, rag) wanda aka jiƙa a cikin maganin sinadarin potassium permanganate ko hydrogen peroxide, irin wannan sauƙin magudin zai ba ku damar tsabtace su da kuma kashe su
- Mafi kyau duka lokacin kwanciya qwai - wannan daga kwana 2 zuwa 7 ne, za a iya tantance sabo ne ta dakin iska, gwargwadon yadda yake, tsoffin kwan, tsoffin kwan, da yawa za su ci baya a ci gaba
- Nagari adana ƙwai m karshen sama
- Don hanawa gwaiduwa makale a cikin harsashi ya kamata a juya ƙwai kowane kwana uku,
- Idan ya kasance yayin watsawa hakan igiyar gwaiduwa ta karye (lokacin juya kwai, gwaiduwa na motsawa cikin harsashi sosai), to irin wannan samfurin shima ya kamata a jefar dashi
- Yanayin zafin jiki ba kasa da 10 ba kuma bai wuce digiri 18 na ma'aunin Celsius ba, tsawon lokacin da kwai da aka yi niyyar kafawa a cikin abin ke adana shi, yana rage zafin jiki
- Danshi yayin ajiya qwai da aka shirya don shiryawa ba fiye da 80%
- Idan anyi amfani dashi incubator ba tare da atomatik kwai juya aiki ba, ya dace ayi alama ta sama da ta kasa, don kada a rude ka (zaka iya amfani da fensir mai sauki, sabanin alkalami da alamomi, ba ruwa ba ne kuma ba zai iya ratsawa ta cikin harsashi zuwa amfrayo ba)
Zafi
Danshi a cikin incubator ana kiyaye shi ta danshin ruwa daga kwantena waɗanda aka ɗora a ƙasa, dole ne a kula da karatun hygrometer kuma, idan ya cancanta, a daidaita ƙarancin ruwa.
Yakamata a duba matakin ruwa kusan kowane kwana uku.
A bayanin kula:
- don hanzarta ƙarancin ruwa kuma game da shi da sauri ɗaga ƙimar ƙimar, za ku iya runtse kyallen ɗin a cikin akwati da ruwa
- Zaka iya rage tafiyar hawainiya da rage karatun danshi ta hanyar rage yankin danshin, misali, ta hanyar sanya wani roba na kumfa a cikin kwantena da ruwa.
Zazzabi
Ba da shawarar kunna incubator don dumama kafin kwanciya qwai, in ba haka ba digo na yawan zafin jiki na iya shafar brood din.
Zazzabi da ake buƙata don shiryawa ya kamata a daidaita shi bisa tebur yanayin zafin jiki (tebur da ke ƙasa)
Ana bada shawara don sarrafa yawan zafin jiki tare da dama ma'aunin zafi da zafitun wani lokacin sukan yi karya kadan, kuma a wannan yanayin, kowane mataki yana shafar sakamakon.
Mahimmanci! Ko da ma incubator din yana da cikakken sarrafa kansa, har yanzu kana bukatar sanya ido kan yanayin zafi da zafi a kai a kai!
Ovoscope
Ovoscope yana taimaka muku gano ƙwai masu dacewa tun kafin sanya su a cikin abin. Kwai mai translucent ya kamata a haɗe shi da ovoscope tare da ƙarshen mara kyau. Manyan lahani ana gano wannan na'urar. Ana aiwatar da kwayar halittar qwai a karon farko 7-8 rana (bayan kallo na farko, za a iya cire ƙwai waɗanda ba su haɗu ko kuma suna da wasu lahani daga abin da ke cikin incubator), a karo na biyu a kan 12-13 rana, za a iya haskaka shi Ranar 18.
Kwan ƙwai
Yi ya nuna cewa kwanciya ƙwai ya fi dacewa da ciyarwa da yamma. Da farko dai, dole ne a fitar da ƙwai daga ɗakin sanyi zuwa ɗumi mai dumama zuwa zafin jiki na daki. Sa'an nan kuma sa a cikin incubator
Lokacin shiryawa
Tebur tsarin mulki
Lokacin hayayyafar cutar | Kwanaki | Zazzabi | Zafi | Juya | Jirgin sama |
1 | 1-7 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 55-60% | Sau 4-8 a rana | — |
2 | 8-14 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 50% | Sau 4-8 a rana | — |
3 | 15-18 | 37.8-38.0 ° C | 45% | Sau 4-8 a rana | 2 sau a rana don minti 10-15 |
4 | 19-21 | 37.5-37.7 ° C | 70% | — | — |
Jimlar lokutan shiryawa 4:
- 1-7 kwanaki - ranar alama ce ta farko, saita zazzabi 37.8-38.0 digiri da kuma zafi 60%. Ba kwa buƙatar canza alamun a makon farko, amfrayo kawai yake yi, yana da mahimmanci don samar da kwanciyar hankali, yanayi mai kyau, kawai ya zama dole a juye da ƙwai don hana kajin mannewa cikin harsashi.
Fasali: lokutan farko uku, kana buƙatar juya ƙwai sau da yawa yadda zai yiwu (don matsakaicin matsakaici zuwa yanayin yanayi), amma idan ba zai yuwu a juya kowane sa'a ba, zaka iya canza matsayinsu bisa ga tebur, babban abu shine daidai lokacin tazara.
Yayin da ake yin kwayayen kwaya daya, a karshen lokacin farko, ya kamata tsarin jini da jini da ke cikin amfrayo ya kasance a bayyane, bai riga ya bayyana ba. A wannan matakin, zaku iya cire karin qwai (ba haduwa ko lalacewa ba)
- 8-14 kwanakin - kwanaki 4 masu zuwa kuna buƙatar rage zafi, kuma ci gaba da juya ƙwai. A wannan lokacin, musamman don kajin na gaba zafi yana da mahimmancitun rashin ruwa na iya lalata amfrayo. A wannan lokacin, allantois (gabobin numfashi na embryonic) yana cikin ɓangaren kaifin ƙwai kuma tuni ya kamata a rufe.
- 15-18 farawa daga mako na biyu kana buƙatar farawa bar iska ta shiga cikin incubator kamar sau biyu a rana, saboda haka rage zafin jiki na ɗan lokaci, kar a manta da juya ƙwai. Air yana farawa metabolism kuma yana ƙaruwa musayar gas. Kwancen jijiyoyi a wannan lokacin zai nuna sararin samaniya cike da amfrayo, dakin iska ne kawai zai zama mara buya.
Hankali! A cikin ci gaba na al'ada, a wannan matakin, ɗakin iska ya kamata ya zauna kusan 30% na duka ƙwai, kuma an lanƙwasa kan iyaka.
A wannan lokacin, zaku iya ji kururuwa tana fitowa daga kwan... Kajin yana kokarin shimfida wuyansa zuwa ga karshen kwan kuma ya fasa dakin iska, bayan hakan ya isa ga harsashi.
- 19-21 ya kamata a rage kimanin kwanaki 19 bayan kwanciya yanayin zafin incubator har zuwa 37.5-37.7 kuma kara danshi zuwa kashi 70%. A kwanakin baya, ragowar furotin, gwaiduwa ana amfani da su kuma fara cizon kadan. Zazzabi yana sauka, danshi yana tashi tazara tsakanin kwai ya kamata ya yiwu kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a wannan lokacin basu buƙatar juyawa, gaba ɗaya, yana da kyau kada a taɓa ƙwai. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar da kyau zagayawar iskaamma ba daftari ba.
A bayanin kula: Ana iya tantance lafiyar kaji ta hanyar kururuwar su. Norma sauti ne mai natsuwa, mai ladabi da kuma rarrabewa. Mafi muni, idan ƙararrawa tana da ƙarfi kuma tana da nauyi, yana nufin cewa kajin ya daskarewa.
A ranar 21 kajin ya kamata su kyankyashe, kajin ya juye da agogo daidai kuma ya kyankyashe ta cikin kwasfa. Lafiya kalau zai fasa bawon cikin bugun jini kusan guda uku kuma gutsuren ɗin zai zama babba. Sanya kansa a bakin karshen, da wuyansa a karshen kaifi, yana dora nauyinsa a bangon harsashi, kuma lankwasa shi ya karya shi. Kuna buƙatar barin su bushe da kansu kuma bayan wannan sanya su a cikin dumi, wuri mai bushe.
Alamomin Kiwan Lafiya:
- Fit ciki
- Mai laushi igiyar cibiya
- Arfi kafafu
- Mai haske Fulawa
- Na aiki
- Yayi magana akan sautunan
- Bayyanannu idanudan kadan
- Gajere baki
Yaya yawan kaji da zaka iya kiwon ya dogara da kai kawai. Mutuwar yara dabbobi, a matsayin mai mulkin, sakamakon ko dai ƙwai da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba, ko kurakurai a cikin tsarin shiryawa. Ba za ku iya amincewa da dabara kwata-kwata yayin kiwon kaji ba, ba wanda ya tsira daga gazawar fasaha. Saka idanu aiki har ma mahimmin incubator mai sarrafa kansa yana buƙatar aƙalla kowane awa 8.
Har ila yau mahimmanci disinfect da incubator bayan amfani, kuma kafin sabon alamar shafi.
Idan kunyi biyayya da waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi, to ƙananan dunƙulen rawaya, ko sun kasance broilers ko kuma masu sauƙi, za su faranta muku rai fiye da sau ɗaya tare da bayyanar su.