Kowane mafarki na lambu na inabi mai girma a kan mãkircinsa, wanda ba wai kawai yana da kyakkyawan gungu mai kyau ba, ɗanɗano mai kyau, amma kuma ba ya ƙunshi tsaba. Tunda babban adadin manyan tsaba na iya ɓata tasirin tasirin inabin gaba ɗaya. Wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da Jupiter mara inabi mara amfani, wanda aka gabatar da kwatancinsa a kasa.
Bayanin halittu game da nau'in innabi Jupiter
Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun kuma mafi kyawun iri iri na innabi - Jupiter, wanda, saboda tsayin dusar ƙanƙan da yake da shi, ƙaunatacce ne wanda ba za a iya musantawa ba a cikin tsayayyun wurare. Wadanda suka kirkira inabin sune masu kiwo John R. Clark, James N. Moore daga Jami'ar Arkansas, Amurka. Don samun matasan, waɗanda aka yi amfani da inabi kamar su V. Vinifera da V. Labrusca.
Inabi sun fara ba da 'ya'ya a shekara ta uku daga lokacin dasa shuki, kuma tare da kulawar da ta dace, a cikin na biyu. Lokacin girma ya fara ne daga kwanaki 105 zuwa 120. Kuna iya girbin amfanin gona a ƙarshen Yuli.
Hesanƙan Jupiter tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen yana halin matsakaita ƙarfinsa. Itacen inabi mai launin ruwan kasa mai haske. An yi wa shuke-shuke ado da kore-lobed uku-uku, raunanan raunanan ganyayyaki. Furen suna bisexual kuma baya buƙatar ƙarin ƙarancin pollination. Unƙun ruwa masu matsakaicin nauyi suna da sifa iri ɗaya ko maɓuɓɓuga da daidaiton daidaito. Nauyin nauyi ya bambanta daga 200 zuwa 500 g. A kan harbe-harbe, ana iya ɗaure inflorescences 3-5, don haka babu buƙatar rationing, tunda tare da kulawa mai kyau, tsire-tsire na iya jimre wa kayan. Bar har zuwa idanu 40 a kan itacen inabi.
Halaye na berries
'Ya'yan itacen oval masu siffa na oval suna cikin buroshi a haɗe da juna, don haka gungun ɗin suna da kyau kuma suna da kyau. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace daya shine 4-5 g, wanda aka dauke shi a matsayin babban mai nuna alama ga zabibi. Tsarin ripening berries yana jan hankali: a cikin balaga ta fasaha, fatarsu na da launi ja ko ruwan hoda, wanda a lokacin balagaggen ɗabi'ar ya zama shuɗi mai duhu. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tantance lokacin girbi daidai.
Yawan fatar yana hana iyalai masu ɓarna daga lalata ofa fruitsan itacen ta fruitsan itace. 'Ya'yan itacen ba su da tsaba, amma na iya ƙunsar ƙaramar rudiments. Naman mai daɗi yana da tsari na jiki, ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano na nutmeg da matsakaiciyar magana mai amfani.
Abincin sukari bai wuce 21% ba, kuma acidity na ruwan 'ya'yan itace 6 g / l.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na kishmish
Babban fa'idodi waɗanda aka ba da shawarar iri-iri don namo sune:
- farkon kwanan wata shiga cikin 'ya'yan itace;
- babba alamun nunawa, daga hekta daya zaka iya samun cibiyoyin 200-250;
- mai kyau rooting cuttings da kuma ɓarkewar harbe-harbe, har ma a yankuna masu tsananin yanayi;
- kiyaye dandano da gabatarwa yayin zirga-zirga a nesa masu tsayi;
- juriya mai sanyi, ikon yin tsayayya har zuwa -26̊С, sabili da haka baya buƙatar ƙarin tsari;
- kwarai da gaske juriya ga fatattakar 'ya'yan itace tare da tsalle kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki da zafi;
- yawa daga berries, anyi amfani da sabo da amfani dashi don yin giya da aka yi da gida da kuma zabibi mai inganci, wanda yake da alaƙa da zaƙi da tsawon rai;
- m halaye na waje na vines da berries ba da damar amfani da gonar inabin don dalilai na ado.
Baya ga fa'idodi, yana da mahimmanci a gano rashin amfani, wato:
- farfasa 'ya'yan itatuwa lokacin da suka yi girma, sabili da haka, ya zama dole a saka idanu kan tsarin girma, girbi, da zaran 'ya'yan itace sun zama shuɗi mai haske kuma an cika su da ruwan' ya'yan itace;
- matsakaici juriya ga mildew, powdery mildew da launin toka, wannan shine dalilin da yasa bishiyoyi suke buƙatar aiki na yau da kullun don kawar da asarar hatsarin amfanin gona.
Fasahar sauka
Matasa sun fi shuka shuka a cikin bazara. A lokacin bazara, shukar tana samun tushe a cikin ƙasa kuma tana dacewa da yanayin muhalli na waje. Kuna iya shuka a cikin kaka, kawai ɗauki dukkan matakan don kare ciyawar inabin daga ƙarancin yanayin zafi.
Babban yanayin shine don tantance ainihin wurin don dasa shukokin daji. Lokacin zabar wani shafi, ba da fifiko ga hasken rana da wuraren kariya.
Matakai na tsarin shuka:
- Shirya shafin, cire duk ciyawar da zurfafawa cikin ƙasa.
- Don makonni 2-3 ya zama dole shirya ramuka, kiyaye tazara tsakanin su daga 2 zuwa 4 m.
- Sanya dutsen da aka niƙa a ƙasan ramin tare da murfin da ya kai 10 cm, zuba abin da ke cikin humus da ƙasa mai ni'ima a saman kuma ya rufe da ƙasa, wanda zai raba tushen ƙwaya daga ƙwaƙƙwarorin da suka dace.
- Saka turang daga gefen arewa, cewa yayin aiwatar da ci gaba zai zama abin tallafi abin dogaro.
- Kafin shiga jirgi sanya tsire-tsire a cikin ruwa ko bayani, na inganta saurin ci gaba da samuwar tushe.
- Sanya sapling sab thatda haka, bambancin ma'anar harbe kan seedling ya kasance a matakin ƙasa. Rufe ƙasa da hankali, ƙara ruwa don ƙimar ƙasa mafi girma.
- Sannan ruwa, gyara akan turakun tallafi da ciyawa tare da ƙasa mai haɗuwa da abubuwan gina jiki.
Girbin inabi a cikin shekarar farko muhimmin mataki ne wajen haɓaka samari da shuke-shuke. Sabili da haka, kuna buƙatar kula da gonar inabin daga lokacin shuka, ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau game da shi.
Kula da matasa da kuma balaga vines
Ba a la'akari da nau'ikan inabi na Jupiter a cikin kulawa, amma don samar da cikakken amfanin gona mai inganci, yana buƙatar bin wasu ƙa'idodin kulawa:
- wadata shuka da danshi a lokacin hutu na toho, bayan furanni da yayin ci gaban 'ya'yan itatuwa, ta hanyar ban ruwa mai inganci, ta amfani da ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki;
- bayyana yanki girma shuke-shuke daga ciyawa;
- ciyawa ƙasa don adana tsarin ƙasa, daidaitaccen aikin microflora, riƙe danshi da toshe ciyawar;
- yi tushen da foliar ciyar kayan abinci masu mahimmanci;
- yanke itacen inabi, ta hanyar rage ganyayyaki da idanu 6-8, wanda zai taimaka wajen bunkasa ci gaban shuka don kara yawan amfanin gona;
- cire rauni mara kyau a cikin bazara, don kada su fitar da albarkatun shuka;
- yi koren aiki, wanda ya hada da tarkace, tsunkule wuraren ci gaba da kuma tsunkulewa;
- ciyarwa feshin kariya don hana gurɓata gonar inabin tare da cututtuka da kwari;
- kare ƙananan bishiyoyi daga daskarewa a cikin hunturu, ta hanyar lulluɓe su da kayan aiki na musamman waɗanda ke ba da damar ɗanshi da iska su wuce, wanda zai ba da yanayin yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun.
Kulawa da kyau zai sami sakamako mai amfani akan haɓakar amfanin ƙasa da ci gaban gonar inabin gabaɗaya.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Shuka ta yi saiwa kuma ta yi jijiya sosai. Za a iya yada Jupiter:
Tushen cuttings ko grafted seedlings
Wannan hanyar kiwo tana da kyau saboda dazuzzuka gaba ɗaya sun gaji dukkan halayen fasaha na nau'ikan. Kuma samfuran da aka ftedaura an rarrabe su ta hanyar ƙarfin ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi.
Ta hanyar dasawa a kan dashen gora
Dangane da ra'ayoyin gogaggun masu shayarwa, kyakkyawar jituwa ta Jupiter iri-iri tare da tushen bishiyar inabi Kober 5BB, C04 da Berlandieri HRiparia.
Yadudduka daga uwar daji
A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar amfani da 'ya'yan itace Inabi mai tsananin ƙarfi, wanda ya ƙone sosai, wanda zai zama kayan aikin noman inabi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Matsakaicin juriya na Jupiter zuwa cuta. Sabili da haka, ya kamata a ci gaba da yaƙi da fumfuna da fumfuna, wato, a kai a kai tare da wakilai na musamman don cututtukan fungal. Rigakafin ya kamata a fara shi a farkon bazara, lokacin da aka kafa ganye matasa, a matsakaita zafin jiki na 12 ofC, kuma yaci gaba har sai thea fruitsan sun nuna.
Kwaro da yawa za su iya kai hari ga tsire-tsire, wato aphids na innabi, weevils, ticks, midges. Don kada gonar inabin ta zama cibiyar tara ƙwayoyin kwari masu haɗari, dole ne a aiwatar da hanyoyin kariya cikin lokaci. A cikin bazara da kaka, cire kuma ƙona ganyen da ya faɗi. Har ila yau bincika daji, kuma idan an gano matsala, koma ga hanyoyin inji da sinadarai.
Inabin Jupiter yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga masu shayar da giya, saboda farkon lokacin girki, bayyanar 'ya'yan itatuwa, dandano mai jituwa, gami da juriya da abubuwa marasa kyau da yanayin canjin yanayi.