Babu wata takaddama da tattaunawa game da kowane irin nau'in strawberry kamar Chamora Turusi. Manyan 'ya'yan itace, da suka kai girman karamin apple, suna haifar da shakku game da asalin. Jin, duk da haka, da sauri yana ba da damar zuwa ban sha'awa bayan gwajin farko.
Theanshin bishiyar strawberries da kyakkyawan tsarin ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara ba za su iya barin kowane mai shaawa ba.
Bayanin nau'ikan chamora turusi
Wataƙila masu kiwon Jafananci ne suka hayayyafa iri-iri waɗanda suka haye "ƙattai" biyu da juna. Ba a san bayanin da tabbatacce ba, shin amfanin aikin masana kimiyya ne, ko manoma.
Gandun daji ya yi tsayi tare da kambin shimfidawa mai ƙarfi na koren ganye mai haske da dogon rako. Peduncles masu kauri ne, shuke-shuke kuma furanni suna da girma.
Amfanin tsakiyar al'adu daga daji shine daga 1.8 zuwa 3 kg, Nauyin Berry daga gram 80 zuwa 110... Chamora turusi ya yi latti sosai - a rabi na biyu na Yuli (kwanaki 15-25).
Tsawancin 'ya'yan itace da ingancin' ya'yan itace sun dogara da kulawar shukar, a cikin yanayi mai kyau watanni 1-2 ne.
A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, ba a ba da izinin shuke-shuken fure, ana cire furanni da peduncles da wuka mai kaifi. Nan da shekaru biyu masu zuwa, ana son strawberries tare da girbi mai yawa da manyan 'ya'yan itace. Don shekaru 4-5 an rage girman, kazalika da lokacin 'ya'yan itace. Wannan sigar sigina ce don dasawa cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki.
Sauyin yanayi don girman 'ya'yan itace matsakaici ne, kasar gona mai ni'ima ce. Masu sana'ar aikin lambu suna sarrafa chamora turusi a yanayin arewa. Gaskiya ne, lokacin nunannun gajere ne, kuma 'ya'yan itacen suna da nauyin 35-50 g. Irin wannan nasarar ta zama mai yiwuwa ne saboda iri na jure sanyi.
Amma bai cancanci dasa tubers a yankuna masu yanayin zafi ba, shukar ta mutu daga bushewa daga cikin ƙasa. Dangane da nazarin lambu, inji baya daskarewa ba tare da tsari na musamman ba a digiri -33... Lokacin amfani da agrofibre, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa. Al'adar zata iya tsayayya da hunturu tare da mutunci tare da kyakkyawan shiri da kulawa.
Kada ku dasa tubers a cikin tsaunuka da wurare masu matakan ruwan ƙasa. Tushen ya mutu daga dashen ruwa.
Halaye na berries
Chamora turusi berry yana da siffar zagaye-zagaye tare da lanƙwasa da sikeli. Matsakaicin nauyi shine gram 80, amma tare da fasahar aikin gona mai kyau, zaku iya samun 'ya'yan itace 110-130 gr.
Cikakken strawberries suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu tare da ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa. Ana warin ƙamshin strawberry. A watan Agusta, gado yalwata da fruitsa fruitsan itace, hoton yana da kyau ga yara da manya.
Al'adar tana sarrafa 'ya'ya ba tare da kulawa mai kyau ba, amma nauyin' ya'yan itacen a wannan yanayin da wuya ya wuce gram 40-50. A wuri guda, strawberries suna ba da fruita fruita har zuwa shekaru 12 tare da mafi dadadden shayarwa.
Ba a la'akari da wannan gaskiyar a cikin yanayin rashin finickyness. Akasin haka, iri-iri ba na kasala bane. Ya fi nema, mai hankali har ma da laulayi.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin ci gaba
Ba a san asalin asalin strawberries tabbatacce ba, amma an yi imanin cewa ƙwararrun masanan Jafananci sun yi amfani da shi ta hanyar amfani da shi Gigantella Maxim ko Sarauniya Elizabeth.
Hakanan an ambaci kamanceceniya da iri a cikin bayanin kimiyya. Saboda haka, ana ɗaukar Japan a matsayin mahaifar asalin Chamora Turusi.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Don yin hoto game da nau'ikan a bayyane, kuna buƙatar fahimtar kanku da fa'idodi da rashin dacewar al'adun.
Babban halayen chamora turusi sun hada da:
- manyan girma berries tare da furucin strawberry ƙanshi da dandano;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da ƙarfi, suna iya jure wa harkokin sufuri, yayin da suke riƙe mutunci;
- zai iya girma ya kuma ba da 'ya'ya a wuri guda tsawon shekaru;
- juriya mai sanyi;
- al'ada ba ta neman abu ne da shara;
- juriya ga samuwar fure mai laushi.
Lokacin girma strawberries, yana da daraja la'akari da raunin shi:
- ƙwarewa ga shayarwa a matakai daban-daban na ci gaban daji;
- iya kai hari kan kaska da slugs;
- ana buƙatar yanki mai yawa don saukowa;
- cututtuka masu haɗuwa: verticillosis, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa da fari.
Yarda da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodi don kula da nau'ikan suna hana faruwar mafi yawan matsalolin da aka lissafa.
Nuances na girma strawberries na Japan
Dokokin girma chamora turusi gaba ɗaya suna kama da sauran nau'ikan strawberry. Amma har yanzu akwai wasu siffofin. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da su don guje wa abubuwan al'ajabi mara kyau.
- Lokacin tsara gadaje ana ba da kulawa ta musamman ga tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka... A cikin al'adun da ke da kauri, kwari sun yi jijiya sosai, cututtukan fungal suna bunkasa. Shawara tazara tsakanin tubers shine 30x60 cm... A yankuna inda ake lura da yanayin zafi mai yawa a lokaci, mai nuna alama ya ƙaru zuwa 50 cm.
- Kasancewar ƙananan tarnaƙi a kan gadaje (20-25 cm) yana baka damar gyara agrofibre don samun girbi na farko da kare shuke-shuke daga ƙarshen sanyi.
- Kafin dasa shuki seedlings, kasar gona dole wadatar kwayoyin ko takin mai ma'adinai. Chamora Turusi tana son ƙasa mai gina jiki.
- Ruwa a lokacin 'ya'yan itace ya rage. Yawan ban ruwa na shafar tasirin ɗanɗano.
- Tubul bai cancanci zurfafawa ba cikin ƙasa. Wannan na iya tsokanar samuwar launin toka. Har ila yau, shuka mara kyau yana rage dandano na berries.
Dasa shuki
An zaɓi wurin dasa shuki hasken wuta (aƙalla awanni 12 a rana). A cikin yankunan da ke gangarowa, an fifita tsawa. Yankin dausayi da nau'ikan kasar gishiri ba su dace ba.
Dole ne ƙasa ta zama mai laushi sosai kuma wadata ta da humus ko wasu kwayoyin halitta. Chamora Turusi kuma tana son: takin mai ma'adinai, mullein, kashin kaji (amfani da doused da sosai don kar a kona shukar).
Lokacin yin alama akan gadaje, yakamata ku bi tazara mai kyau tsakanin tubers: 35x60 cm (na 1m2 na tsire-tsire 4).
Riji ba ya buƙatar yin zurfi sosai, ya isa cm 12-15. Nasarar haɓaka al'adu ya dogara ne, musamman, akan ƙimar kayan shuka. Farmerswararrun manoma sun ba da shawarar ba da fifiko ga fure-fure da aka samo daga tohowar farko.
Dasa harbi a cikin kofin roba wanda aka cika da peat ana ɗauka yanayi mai kyau na rooting. Ana sanya ciyawar a cikin ƙasa tare da dunkule don shuka ta ɗan rage damuwa. Idan ingancin tsirrai yana cikin shakku, ya kamata a kula da tushen tushen da mai kara kuzari (maganin Radifarm).
Dasa lokaci don strawberries ya dogara da yanayin damina.
A tsakiyar layi ana iya yin shi a ƙarshen watan Agusta, kuma a cikin yankuna masu dumi wanda ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara ke nunawa a lokacin hunturu, a Mayu.
A cikin yanayi mai kyau, ana ba da fifiko ga lokacin kaka, lokacin da aka kafa tsarin mulki mafi dacewa da yanayin zafi. Masana sun ba da shawarar shirya gadaje a lokacin bazara: tono sama da haɗuwa da ƙasa tare da garin dolomite.
Matakan da suka wajaba don dasa sabbin tubers sun hada da:
- jika Tushen strawberry a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate kwana daya kafin fara aiki;
- sarrafa su a cikin cakuda taki da yumɓu, sa'annan bushewar awanni 2;
- samuwar ƙaramin mound a cikin ramin don ɗora tuber;
- backfilling da ƙasa compaction.
Bayan dasa shuki, ana shayar da strawberries sosai har zuwa ƙarshen matakin daidaitawa da yanayin waje.
Yanayin girma
Shayarwa
Shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa bayan dasa shuki da kuma lokacin fure.
Bayan fara shan 'ya'ya, yawan ruwa yana raguwa. A wannan yanayin, yana da mahimmanci a mai da hankali ba akan ƙididdigar shawarar ba, amma a kan matakin ƙanshi na ƙasa.
Yawan ban ruwa shine 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 3-4... Strawberries, kodayake al'adun masu son danshi, na iya ruɓewa daga yawan danshi.
Tsarin ɗigon ruwa wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa ana ɗauka shine zaɓi mafi kyau. Shiga ban ruwa na Sprinkler shima ya dace. Ruwa shuke-shuke har zuwa tsakiyar kaka, idan babu ruwan sama mai karfi.
Kasar gona da takin zamani
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, strawberries sun fara ba da fruita fruita a shekara ta biyu bayan saukar jirgin... A ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau, za a sami girbi a cikin shekara ta 3. Don hana ƙasa daga bushewa da ruɓaɓɓen 'ya'yan itacen da suka nuna, kuna buƙatar haɗar da ƙasa tare da bambaro, sawdust ko wasu kayan rufewa.
Sau da yawa babu buƙatar gabatar da takin mai magani, yawan abinci mai gina jiki zai haifar da ci gaban ganye, kuma ba ci gaban tushen tsarin ba.
A rabi na biyu na watan Agusta, kuna buƙatar kammalawa datsa ganye da gashin baki... Ana kula da farfajiyar ƙasa tare da maganin fungicide (2%). Idan an sami wuraren baƙuwar ƙasa a asalin, sai a rufe su da bututun mai.
Kafin farawar yanayin sanyi, ana lullube da shimfidar katako ko wani itace mai bushewa (kaurin matashin kai aƙalla 5-7 cm). A madadin, yi amfani da agrofibre.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don kiwo chamora turusi.
Gashin baki
Hanya mafi sauki don samun sabon shuka shine daga gashin baki. Don yin wannan, daga tsire-tsire wanda ya kai shekaru 2-3, zaɓuɓɓuka masu fa'ida sosai (har zuwa inji mai kwakwalwa 5.) An zaɓi, suna girma kusa da mafitar. Za a iya binne su kawai a cikin ƙasa ta amfani da waya mai lankwasa, ko a yanka su shiga cikin gilashin maganin tushen motsawa.
A cikin harka ta farko, samartar matasa zata sami tushe bayan 1-1.5 watanni (an raba shi kuma an dasa shi). A na biyu - ta hanyar 2-3 makonni Gashin-baki zai samu saiwa kuma a shirye yake yayi shuka.
Rarraba daji
Hanyar rarrabawa ta haɗa da zaɓi na kyakkyawan ƙoshin lafiya mai zuwa rabo zuwa kashi 2-4.
Kowane gutsuri ya kamata ya sami aƙalla ganye 4-5 da kuma saiwarsa tsawon cm 5-6. Bayan aikin, ana shuka sassan da suka rabu a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Tsaba
Hanyar yaduwa ta tsaba ana ɗaukarta mafi cin lokaci kuma mara tabbas.
Tsarin ya ƙunshi raba ɓangaren litattafan almara daga manyan 'ya'yan itace don bushewa mai zuwa. An dasa tsaba da aka zaba a cikin Maris a cikin akwati tare da substrate (ƙasa ta duniya, peat, humus) kuma an rufe shi da murfi.
Domin makonni biyu masu zuwa, ana ajiye shukar a cikin firiji, bayan an saka shi a kan windowsill kuma ana sanya shi lokaci-lokaci ta hanyar feshi. Bayan samuwar 2 ganye ana dasa shurin cikin wata tukunya daban. Kuma bayan bayyanar 5-6 zanen gado - cikin bude ƙasa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Strawberries ne yiwuwa ga cututtukan fungal, amma mafi yawan lokuta yana ban mamaki verticilliasis... Jiyya ba koyaushe yake da tasiri ba, don haka yana da kyau a ɗauki matakan kariya a kan lokaci.
Verticillosis
Lokacin da daji ya lalace ta verticillosis, shuka shuka da kuma samuwar launin ganye mai launin ja-ja wanda yake da kusan bakin baƙi akan tuber. An yi amfani dashi don magani: Benorad, Fundazol. Zasu iya kula da tsire-tsire mara lafiya ba sau 3 ba a kakar.
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, kafin a dasa, saiwar ta jiƙa a cikin wani rauni mai ƙarfi na potassium permanganate. A yayin ci gaba, ana cire ganyayyaki da kanana da sauri.
Fusarium
Fusarium ya bayyana yellowing, da sauri-bushewa zanen gadofadowa soket. Gashin-baki ya zama ruwan kasa.
An yi amfani dashi don magani: Benomil, Benorad, Fundazol. Idan ba zai yiwu a ceci shukar ba, to ana amfani da kasar da ke wurinta da Nitrofen.
A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana amfani da matakan masu zuwa: canja wurin gadaje akan lokaci zuwa ƙasa mai ni'ima, gabatarwar gari na dolomite a cikin ƙasa, maganin bazara na shafin tare da kayan gwari.
Ruwan toka
Grey rot yana halin halitta duhu launin toka-toka a kan Berryan rufe shi da tari mai haske tare da ƙananan dige baƙi.
Don magani, ana amfani da kwayoyi: Fundazol, Teldor, Bayleton, da dai sauransu A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana bada shawarar a kiyaye waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa: lokacin dasa shuki, a bar isasshen sarari tsakanin tubers, sake sabunta gadaje a cikin lokaci, kar a yi amfani da taki sabo don bait.
Black tushen rot
Rhizoctonia ko tushen baƙar fata ya ruɓe yana shafar tushen tsarin, yana nuna kanta a cikin sifofin ruwan kasa, bushewa da ganye masu fadi.
Babu wasu hanyoyin shawo kan cutar, amma ana iya kiyaye matsalar ta hanyar kashe kwayar kafin a dasa da kuma dasa ciyawar zuwa wani sabon shafin.
Kwari
Daga kwari a kan strawberries, larvae mamaye Iya ƙwaro da ƙwaya mai strawberry... A yanayi na farko, ana lura da tsananin rawaya da ganyen fadowa a farkon kakar. Kuma a cikin na biyu - nakasawarsu da karkatarwa cikin bututu.
Lokacin da aka gano kwari, yakamata ku mai da martani nan take don samun lokaci don adana shukar. Wajibi ne don fesa daji tare da shirye-shirye na musamman: Karbofos, Neoron, Fitoferm, da dai sauransu.
Daga larvae Iya ƙwaro rigakafin zai taimaka - lura da gadaje kafin dasa shuki tare da Bazudin, Antichrushchev, Aktara, dasa shuki na kusa, lupins da white clover. Fitowar miyar strawberry yana hana shawa mai banbanci (yin fesawa da ruwan zafi da ruwan sanyi).
Kowa na iya yin babban bishiyar, ya zama dole mutum ya ɗan nuna haƙuri kaɗan kuma ya ba da shuka yadda ya kamata.