Gooseberries sun daɗe suna girma a ƙasarmu. A cikin Rasha, tuni a cikin karni na 11, sufaye sun yi bautar irin wannan Berry a cikin lambun gidan sufi. Saboda haka, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itace' gooseberries 'a baya fiye da shahararrun currants da raspberries. Yanzu 'ya'yan itacen wannan Berry suna jin daɗinsu saboda wadataccen bitamin, kayan magani da kuma jam ɗin ɗan itaciyar dadi... Kodayake shukar ba ta da daɗi, tana girma a yankin ƙasar Rasha, Yukren, kuna buƙatar kusantar shukokin ta da duk alhakin. An dasa shi bisa ga bin duk ƙa'idodi, guzberi na da ikon samar da amfanin gona har zuwa 10 kilogiram a shekara shekara 40. Bari muyi la'akari da ƙa'idodin dasa shuki a cikin kaka.
Kwanakin sauka
Ana dasa bishiyoyi a cikin bazara da faɗuwa duka. A cikin bazara, ya kamata a yi dasa wuri-wuri, zai fi dacewa a farkon rabin Afrilu.... Yana da mahimmanci cewa shukar ba ta riga ta ƙaura daga yanayin yanayin sanyi ba. Idan buds sun fara fure, to sai a rage damar da dasawa zasu yi jijiya. Amma ko da shrub da aka dasa akan lokaci zai sami mummunan rayuwa a cikin bazara fiye da noman kaka. A wane watan ne za a dasa bishiyar goose, kuna tambaya? Gogaggen lambu bayar da shawarar dasa shuki gooseberries a ƙarshen watan Agusta - Satumba - farkon Oktoba, dangane da yankin - yankin Moscow, Urals, yankin tsakiyar Rasha.
Mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa kaka shine makon da ya gabata na Satumba da farkon makonnin Oktoba.... Koyaya, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan yanayin. Babban abu shi ne cewa farkon sanyi yana faruwa ba a baya ba fiye da makonni biyu daga baya, kuma samari ba sa daskarewa. Kuma ya fi kyau a zaɓi ranar da ba rana ba kuma ba tare da iska ba, don haka saiwar shukokin ba su bushe a sararin sama ba.
Tare da madaidaicin zaɓi na lokacin dasawa a cikin kaka, tsire-tsire ya sami tushe a kusan 100% na shari'o'in. Sauran fa'idodin dasa kaka sun haɗa da:
- Kafin farawar yanayin sanyi akwai lokaci zuwa saiwar shuke-shuken sun sami karfi da girma.
- Plantarfafa tsire a cikin bazara zai fara bunkasa cikin sauri.
- Kafin lokacin sanyi ya fara kasar da ke kewaye da shrub din za ta zauna lafiya kuma ta kasance karama.
- Shuke-shuken da ya samu saiwa a lokacin faduwa, a cikin bazara za a fara kakar girma tare da cikakken ƙarfi, wanda zai samar da ƙaruwa mafi girma a cikin harbe-harben matasa zuwa faduwar gaba.
Shuka bishiyoyi a cikin kaka, kodayake yana ba da tabbaci mai yawa, yana da matukar mahimmanci kada a makara da kwanan watansa.
Lokutan da aka bayar matsakaita ne. Kuna buƙatar ci gaba daga yanayin yankinku. Ga yankuna na kudanci, ranakun na iya canzawa zuwa Oktoba-Nuwamba, kuma don yankuna na arewa, farkon watan Satumba ma ya dace.
Idan kun yanke shawara akan kwanan wata daidai, wani muhimmin lokaci don samun nasarar shuka shine shirye-shiryen shuka tsirrai.
Yadda za a zabi da shirya seedling
Lokacin siyan seedling, tabbas ka kula da alamomi masu zuwa:
- Sapling shekaru... Bai kamata ya wuce shekaru biyu ba, shuka mai girma zata sami tushen sannu a hankali kuma zata dace da sababbin yanayi har abada.
- A isasshe babban yawan asalinsu... Daga cikinsu ya zama akwai kwarangwal uku ko sama da haka, tsayinsa ya wuce cm 15. Kuma akwai ƙarin tushen igiya da yawa.
- Harbe-harben sashin iska na shuka a tsawon ya kamata kai 30-40 cm.
Bayan siyan ƙwaya, an shirya don dasa shuki. Wannan yana buƙatar:
- Cire ganye daga seedling.
- Yi amfanin gona busassun tushe.
- Tsoma ruwan itacen cikin dusar dusarshirya a gaba. Don shirya maganin, hada kilogiram 1 na yumbu da baƙar ƙasa, fakiti 2 na Kornevin, sai a zuba lita 3 na ruwa.
Zaɓin wurin zama
Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi wuri madaidaiciya don dasawa a nan gaba. Inda za a shuka wannan ɗan itacen daji? Kada ku dasa bishiyoyi tsakanin bishiyoyi, wannan zai haifar da rashi na hasken rana.... Unguwa tare da currants shima cutarwa ne ga shuka, saboda suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka iri ɗaya da kwari. Yana da kyau idan, kafin a dasa shuki na 'ya'yan itacen goose, hatsi, gwoza ko dankalin turawa a wannan ƙasar.
Ya kamata ƙasa ta zama sako-sako, shrub ɗin ba zai yi kyau sosai a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi da yawa ba. Idan ruwan karkashin kasa ya hau kan filin gonar, to ya fi kyau shuka giyarberi a kan mafi girman wuri, ko ƙirƙirar tsawa mai wucin gadi daga gare ta daga ƙasa.
Matsayi daidai na bushes yana da mahimmanci lokacin dasa tsire-tsire da yawa lokaci ɗaya. Guzberi yana girma sosai. Dajin mai shekaru takwas ya kai mita 2.5 a tsayi.
Akwai makircin makirci da yawa don dasa shukokin bishiyar.:
- Rsearancin yanayi... A wannan yanayin, ana shuka bishiyoyin a layuka a tazarar mita 1.5 daga juna, kuma an bar sarari mai faɗin mita 2 tsakanin layuka. Bayan shekaru 4-5, tsire-tsire zasuyi girma sosai don zasu zama tsiri ɗaya mai ci gaba.
- Shuka tsakanin sahun bishiyun younga fruitan itace... A irin wannan yanayi, guzberi zai yi girma sosai har sai rawanin da ke sama ya fara rufewa. Bayan wannan, ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi zuwa wuri mai haske.
- Hade makirci... An dasa tsire-tsire a layuka a tazarar tazarar 75 cm daga juna, suna tazara tsakanin layuka na mita 1 Lokacin da, bayan wasu ,an shekaru, dazuzzuka sun fara rufewa, ana buƙatar sassaka su bayan ɗayan, sake dasa wasu daga cikin tsirrai zuwa sabon wuri. Bayan wasu shekaru biyu, dole ne a sake maimaita bakin ciki. Wannan makircin yana ba da gudummawa don samun girbin yashi mafi girma da kuma adana sarari a kan shafin.
Don ƙarin saurin karɓar girbi mai yawa, masu lambu wani lokaci suna shuka shuki biyu a lokaci daya a cikin rami daya, suna barin tazara 20 cm a tsakaninsu... A farkon shekarun, girbi hakika zai yi kyau, amma, ba da daɗewa ba za a fara yin ƙuruciya da tsufa da ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, tushensu zai kasance haɗe da juna cewa zai zama kusan ba zai yiwu ba a dasa shukokin.
Lokacin da kuka shirya shuki kuma zaɓi wuri mai kyau don gooseberries, zaku iya fara dasa shukar kai tsaye.
Fasaha ta dasa bishiyar bazara da kaka
Dasa shuki ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa:
- A shafin da aka zaɓa kana buƙatar tono ƙasa bai fi shebur bayoneti ba... Wannan yana karya dukkan kumburi kuma yana cire ciyawa.
- Tona rami, girmansa ya kamata ya wuce tushen tsarin seedling kadan, a kan matsakaita yana 50x50x50 cm... Wannan ya kamata a yi kadan a gaba - 'yan makonni kafin a dasa. Dole ne a narkar da ƙasa mai ni'ima a gefe ɗaya, sauran kuma a ɗaya.
- Takin rami... 2/3 dole ne a cika shi da ƙasa mai ni'ima haɗe da takin (buckets 1.5), superphosphate (300 g), peat (guga 1.5), toka (tabarau 3), farar ƙasa (gilashi 1). Daga sama, ya kamata ku ƙara ƙasa mai kyau kuma ku zuba duk wannan da lita 0.5 na ruwa.
- Kafin shiga jirgi rami ya kamata a bar shi ya tsaya a cikin wannan nau'i na 'yan makonnidon ba da damar ƙasar ta zauna sosai.
- A lokacin saukowa kai tsaye, sanya tsaba a cikin ramin, karkatar da shi kaɗan... A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a sanya abin wuya a cikin tsakiyar fossa, kuma ya kamata tushen ya daidaita zuwa bangarorin. Don kaucewa ɓoye, dole ne a rufe sararin samaniya da ƙasa. Gooseberries yawanci zurfafa 5 cm ƙananan fiye da a baya wuri na girma na seedling (yana da sauƙin gano alamun akan haushi). Don haka, za a samar da yanayi don ci gaban ƙarin tushen da harbe daga bishiyar da aka binne ta shuka.
- Aroundasar kusa da seedling yana buƙatar tattaka da ruwa sosai.
- Sanya ciyawa a cikin ramin daga peat ko ganye tare da Layer na 10 cm.
Bayan dasa shuki a cikin kaka, tsire-tsire matasa ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, ba za a taɓa su ba har sai bazara. Ciyawa da dusar ƙanƙara za su taimaka wa seedling overwinter. Idan kuna jin tsoron cewa za'a sami ɗan dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, to, zaku iya rufe bishiyar gishiri tare da kayan rufewa.
Bayan dasa shuki a cikin bazara, don rayuwa da girma, datsa shukar. A wannan yanayin, yanke sashin iska da santimita 10, kuma bar kumbura 2-3 a kan kowane harbi. Don dasa shuki na kaka, ba a ba da shawarar irin wannan pruning. Idan ka yanke shawarar yin hakan, to ka tabbata ka sa duk yankewa tare da filin lambu.
Yadda ake dasa bishiyar balaga
Lokacin zabar makircin shuka tare da kara sirrin layuka, yana da mahimmanci a san dokoki don dasa shukokin goose. Hakanan yakamata a sake shuka shuke-shuke a cikin kaka don shuke-shuke su sami saukin zama cikin sabon wuri. Don cire daji daga ƙasa a amince, tono a ciki a kowane gefen nesa na 30 cm daga tushe... Za a iya sare tushen sa, wannan ba zai cutar da shuka ba. Bayan haka, tare da taimakon felu, an cire daji daga ƙasa, tare da clod na ƙasa, an ɗora shi a kan polyethylene kuma an tura shi zuwa sabon wurin shuka. Fasahar kere-kere ta dasa shukar girma ba ta bambanta da dasa shuki ba.
Wani tsiro mai ɗanɗano kamar guzberi baya buƙatar kulawa akai-akai. Ya isa a ba shi lokaci sau ɗayabayan dasa shuki bisa ga dukkan ƙa'idodi, kuma tsawon shekaru shukar zata samar muku da girbi mai daɗi da lafiya.