Ga duk wanda ke son girbe tumatir da wuri, akwai matasan tumatir da sunan sabon abu Hali-gali. Wannan nau'in zamani da ya balaga baya kawo matsala ga noman shukar. Tumatir din ya samo asali ne daga makiyayan Siberia kuma an bashi lasisin zama a matsayin matattara a shekarar 2003. An ba da shawarar Hali-gali don yin noman a cikin greenhouses da cikin ƙasa mara kariya. A halin yanzu yana jin daɗin kyakkyawan cancanta tsakanin lambu da masu lambu. An gabatar da kwatancin da halaye iri-iri a cikin wannan bita.
Bayani da halayen tumatirin Hali-gali
Matattara mai saurin girma, daga bayyanar harbe-harbe na farko har zuwa karɓar ria fruitsan itacen marmari, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 80-100. Yana da irin wadannan nau'ikan F-1. Tsirrai tsaran tsararre ne tare da daidaitaccen daji.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka iri-iri na Hali-gali a cikin fili, amma lambu da yawa suna dasa shi a cikin wuraren shan ganye: a can tumatir ɗin ya balaga kwanaki 10-15 da sauri. Gandun daji yana da koren ganye masu haske, kuma tsayinsa ya kai 90 cm.
Abubuwan inflorescences na wannan nau'ikan, kamar sauran tumatir, basu da tsiron tsire-tsire. Dangane da wannan, yin pollin a cikin wasu wuraren a wasu lokuta dole ne a yi shi da hannu ko amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don jan hankalin ƙudan zuma. Tumatir Hali-gali ya fi dacewa don girma a yankunan kudanci da Arewacin Caucasus. A tsakiyar Rasha, Urals da Siberia, ana ba da shawarar haɓaka a ƙarƙashin mafakan fim.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Bayyana fa'idodi na matasan, ya kamata a lura:
- Daidaitawar ci gaba tsire-tsire lokacin canza yanayin yanayi;
- Yiwuwa shuka wannan amfanin gona a baranda, saboda karamin girma;
- Jimrewa zuwa rashin isasshen laima;
- Girbi na farko 'ya'yan itãcen marmari
- Babba kaso dari a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
A iri-iri yana da low yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ciyarwa. A kan wannan, watakila, duk gazawarsa ta ƙare.
Dasa tsaba da shuka shukoki
- Tunda nau'ikan Khali-gali sun kasance matasan, to, da farko, kuna buƙatar sayan tsaba a cikin shago (ba shi yiwuwa a tattara su da kanku). Sa'annan zamu sayi ingantaccen tsari a cikin shago ko kuma haɗa abubuwan da ake buƙata da kanmu.
- Mun shirya kwantena don shuka, Da farko za mu zuba magudanan ruwa a cikin ƙasan ta hanyar faɗaɗa yumɓu, sannan cakuda mai gina jiki mai ƙanshi. Muna yin damuwa a cikin kwantena kuma mun dasa tsaba (don garanti, muna binne tsaba 2 a kowane kwantena a cikin ƙasa).
- Rufe tsire-tsire tare da tsare kuma sanya su a kan windowsill mai haske. Lokacin girma shuki, dole ne a kiyaye yanayi uku: zafi mai buƙata, haske da zafi. A farkon, don tsirrai, kuna buƙatar kula da zafin jiki na digiri 22-25, to, lokacin da aka cire fim ɗin daga akwatunan tsire-tsire lokacin da tsiro suka bayyana, kuna buƙatar saukar da shi zuwa digiri 17-19.
- Yawancin lokaci a cikin Afrilu lokacin hasken rana har yanzu ƙananan ne, sabili da haka, don ƙirƙirar hasken da ya dace don tsire-tsire na sa'o'i 12, kana buƙatar ƙirƙirar haske na wucin gadi. Yayin girma, tabbatar cewa ƙasa tana da laima; saboda wannan, dole ne a shayar da shukokin.
Ya kamata a shuka iri na tumatir na kwanaki 50-60 kafin a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa.
Don ingantaccen ci gaban shuke-shuke, ya zama dole a ƙayyade daidai lokacin dasa shuki, in ba haka ba, idan ya wuce gona da iri, tumatir yakan ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin ya sami tushe.
Kimanin kwanan wata don dasa tsaba ta yanki:
- A cikin yankunan kudancin Rasha da Ukraine - daga 20 ga Fabrairu zuwa 15 ga Maris;
- A cikin gundumar tsakiyar - daga 15 ga Maris zuwa 1 ga Afrilu;
- A cikin Urals, Siberia - daga 1 zuwa 15 Afrilu.
Don kar a yi kuskure lokacin da za a fara shuka shuki, kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan sanyi da ke yiwuwa a yankinku. Ta sake kirga kwanaki 60 daga wannan kwanan wata, zaku iya tantance lokacin shuka iri daidai. Idan kun shirya shuka a cikin greenhouse, to ana iya fara shuka a farkon makonni 2-3.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa
Yankuna masu haske, wurare mafi kyau tare da gangaren kudu, an shirya su don tumatirin Hali-gali mai-girma. Yana da kyau a shuka tumatir na shekaru biyu a jere a wuri ɗaya saboda cututtukan da ƙasa ke ɗauke da su.
Legumes, ganyaye da kayan lambu masu kyau magabata ne. Ba a so a shuka bayan tumatir da dankali.
Dasa iri daban-daban akan layi daya yana yiwuwa. Wajibi ne a dasa shuki lokacin da sanyi ya wuce, a farkon Yuni, a cikin greenhouse zaka iya - Mayu 10-15. Yana da kyau ayi dasawa a rana mai gajimare, ko da yamma idan zafi ya lafa.
A lokaci guda, ya kamata a dasa waɗanda ba su da ƙarfi a nesa da 40 cm daga juna kuma ya kamata a kiyaye 50 cm tsakanin layuka. Sanya tushe a tsaye, kuma zurfafa tukunyar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa ba tare da binne ma'anar girma ba. Bayan shuka, shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa.
Tumatir mai girma
Yayin girman tumatirin, ana nufin kulawa da su. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar bincika shuke-shuke a kai a kai kuma, idan ya cancanta, kuna buƙatar:
- Spud... A karo na farko da kake buƙatar yin wannan makonni biyu bayan dasa shuki, sannan bayan kwanaki 14-15 wani sau 2-3;
- Sakin ƙasa a kusa da tushen tsarin. Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance mai iska;
- Zuwa ruwa... Wannan ya kamata a yi da yawa, amma ba sau da yawa;
- Tsunkule... Kirkira bishiyar tumatir don harbe guda daya, biyu ko uku sannan kuma a kai a kai a cire inflorescences. An kuma ba da shawarar cire ƙananan ganye;
- Aiwatar da kayan ado na sama. Ya kamata a fara ciyarwar farko bayan kwana 10-14 bayan dasa shuki. Na biyu - bayan farkon flowering na biyu flower tari.
A lokacin da girma tumatir, kana buƙatar wani lokacin girgiza tsire-tsire don kyakkyawan hadi. Ana yin wannan aikin da rana daga ƙarfe 12 zuwa 15, sannan kuma tumatir da pistils ana shayar da su da ruwa mai dumi: sandunan fure suna da sauƙi zuwa rigar pistil.
Wani fasali na nau'ikan shine cewa F-1 matasan ba mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka bane, kuma a cikin waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin, zaku iya yin ba tare da sunadarai ba. Wannan, bi da bi, zai shafi tsabtar ɗabi'ar 'ya'yan itacen.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, 'ya'yan itacen suna girma bayan watanni uku. Farkon inflorescence na farko a gaban ganye na bakwai. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da launi mai launi iri ɗaya tare da manuni a ƙarshen. Girbin tumatir Hali-Gali ba shi da kaɗan, kusan kilogram 3 a kowace daji kuma har zuwa kilogiram 12 a kan 1 m2
Saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'in Khalil-gali ya riga ya fara, wannan yawan amfanin gona ya isa ya more ɗanɗanar 'ya'yan itacen farko, amfani da su a cikin salati. Hakanan, waɗannan tumatir suna da kyau don kiyayewa don hunturu a cikin sigar shirye-shirye iri-iri.