Yawancin mazauna lokacin rani tabbas sun damu fiye da sau ɗaya game da rashin nasarar noman kankana a makircinsu. Kuna iya jin daɗin ɗanɗano bishiyar bishiyar cikakke mai ƙanshi idan kunyi la'akari da shawarar kwararru da ƙwararrun lambu. A cikin wannan labarin, zamuyi la'akari da tambayar shin zai yiwu a shuka kankana a gida, yadda yake da wuya a kula dasu, kuma sau nawa kuke buƙatar takin da abinci don samun kyakkyawan girbi.
Shin zai yuwu a shuka kankana a gida a kasar a fili?
Girman kankana a gonar ku ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake iya gani. A cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, shuki yana faruwa ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- iri;
- shuke-shuke.
Shuka fasaha kai tsaye zuwa gonar ana amfani dashi galibi a yankuna masu dumi na ƙasar. Da zaran ƙasa tayi ɗumi har zuwa + 12 ° C, shirye-shiryen iri don shuka sun fara. A cikin yanayin yanayi mafi tsanani, ba za ku iya yin ba tare da pre-girma seedlings. In ba haka ba, berries da aka ɗaura a kan tushe ba za su sami lokacin da za su girbe ba kafin ƙarshen bazara.
Mabuɗin samun nasarar noman kankana a cikin buɗaɗɗen zaɓi shine madaidaicin zaɓi na iri, yanayin haɓaka wanda ya dace da halayen yanayin yankin.
Kafin dasa shuki, kana buƙatar rarrabe iri ta girman, cire tsaba da lalacewa. Sizing (rarrabewa) yana ba da gudummawa cikin rukuni-rukuni gwargwadon halaye masu girma don tabbatar da ci gaban harbi daidai. In ba haka ba, harbe mafi ƙarfi ba zai ƙyale ƙananan su ci gaba ba.
Akwai wata hanya ta shiri da masu lambu ke amfani da ita a tsakiyar layi. Wannan gazawa ne, wanda asalin sa shine lalacewar ganyayyaki da gangan don motsa girma. Ya isa a goge hanci akan takarda mai kyau. A wannan yanayin, babban abu ba shine wuce gona da iri ba.
Mataki na tilas shine dumi iri. Don yin wannan, ana ajiye shi a cikin yanayin zafi tare da ruwan zafi (+ 50 ° C) na kusan rabin awa. Duk matakan biochemical suna kara saboda tasirin zafin jiki.
Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta an ɗauka wani ɓangare na shirye-shiryen. Ana ajiye kayan a cikin rauni mai ƙarfi na sanadaran potassium na kimanin minti 20. Bayan haka, ya rage don bushe shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi (kar a yi amfani da murhu ko baturi).
Mafi shahararrun nau'in kankana don dasa shuki a Rasha, Ukraine da Belarus
Lokacin zabar nau'ikan kankana, ana fifita nau'ikan farkon da tsakiyar lokacin. Duk inda zaku shuka kankana: a Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau'in kankana wanda zai dace kuma zai sami lokacin da zai balaga a cikin waɗannan yanayin yanayi.
Shampagne mai ruwan hoda
Lokacin ciyayi yana dauke da kwanaki 80-95. Matsakaicin nauyin tayi ya kai 5-7 kilogiram. Theangaren litattafan almara yana da ruwan hoda mai ɗaci, mai ɗaci tare da halayyar ɗanɗano mai kama da zuma. Fata launin kore ne mai duhu mai rawaya rawaya, matsakaiciyar kauri. Shuka ba shi da kyau, yana haƙuri da danshi da kyau.
Katarina F1
Lokacin cin ganyayyaki - kwana 58-62, matsakaicin nauyin Berry - 7-8 kg. Ana amfani da kayan rufi don samar da yanayi don saurin saurin girma. Manyan ganyaye da baƙuwa masu tushe suna hana tushen tsarin daga kunar rana a jiki. Valuimar da ake amfani da ita tana da daraja saboda yawan sikarin da yake da shi, amma tsari mai kyau na jan ɓangaren litattafan almara.
Kyauta ga Arewa
'Ya'yan itacen sun balaga cikin kwanaki 75-85 tare da matsakaita nauyin 10-11 kilogiram. Shuke-shuken ba shi da fa'ida sosai, amma yana bayar da 'ya'ya a tsaye. Redan busar ja mai haske mai laushi ne kuma mai taushi tare da halayyar kankana mai kyau. Fata na da taguwar launi, kaurin kaɗan ne. A iri-iri ne na rigakafi da cuta da danshi. An kiyaye amfanin gona da kyau kuma ana jigilar shi.
Nelson F1
Bambance-bambancen na farkon jinsunan da ke balaga, 'ya'yan itacen sun fara ne cikin kwanaki 65 kacal. Siffar Berry tana da tsayi, launinta ya yage tare da canza launin duhu mai duhu da launuka masu launin rawaya. A matsakaici, kankana tana da nauyin kilogram 12-14. Jan litattafan almara sosai mai laushi ne kuma mai taushi tare da babban abun ciki na sukari.
Libya F1
Daga lokacin da aka dasa shuki, seedlingsa ripan suna girma bayan kwanaki 62-65, wanda ke sanya shi a matsayin farkon-farkon nau'in. Gilashin kilogram goma yana da zagaye, dan tsayi mai tsayi tare da jan nama da dandano mai ban sha'awa. An daidaita tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin yanayin yanayin yankin na tsakiya. Daga cikin sauran nau'ikan, shine jagora a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa, kasuwa da amincin fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Dokokin dasa shuki a cikin buyayyar kasa
Kafin dasa tsaba don shuka a cikin gida, ana ba da shawarar cewa ka fahimtar da kanka game da fasalin girman kankana a cikin filin buɗewa. Wannan zai taimaka muku samun girbi mai kyau, la'akari da abubuwan canjin yanayi.
Zabar tsaba don dasa shuki a gida
Ya kamata irin su kasance cikin ƙoshin lafiya ba tare da alamun lalacewa ba. Masana sun ba da shawarar ba da fifiko ga matasan da ba sa iya kamuwa da cututtuka da yawa, masu tsayayya da bala'in yanayi, da kuma ɗan gajeren lokacin girma.
Shirye-shiryen inoculum ya hada da matakai masu zuwa: daidaitawa, dumama yanayi da kuma kashe kwayoyin cuta. Rushewa zaɓi ne.
Kafin shuka, zaku iya ɗan tsiro tsaba ta hanyar kunsa su a cikin rigar mai danshi. Bayan 1-3, tsiro zai fito daga ɓarke. Babban abu a cikin aikin shi ne kada a bar adiko na goge baki ya bushe. Sannan zaku iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa bisa ga wani tsari.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don shuka
Al'adar ba ta jurewa dasawa, sabili da haka, dole ne a shirya ƙasa don canja wuri mai zuwa tare da tsiro cikin rami. Saboda wannan, ana zuba ƙasa na sako-sako da tsari a cikin tukunya ko wani akwati. Melons da gourds suna girma sosai a cikin ƙasa waɗanda aka wadata da humus da peat. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar takin shi a gaba. Idan yawan duniya yana da yawa, yashi, ya kamata a gabatar da peat a ciki. Kar a manta kuma game da abubuwan gina jiki: superphosphate, toka na itace, da dai sauransu.
Dasawa: a wane irin nisa ne tsakanin juna ya kamata a dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa?
An dasa tsaba a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ba da wuri ba kafin 20 ga Mayu, lokacin da yanayi mai ɗumi ya shiga tare da tsarin zazzabi na + 14 ° C zuwa sama. Ana shuka tsaba don tsire-tsire a rabi na biyu na Afrilu. A cikin tukunya daya da diamita 10 cm kuma tsayin 12-14 cm, an binne tsaba 2 a kowace 3 cm. Babban yanayin kyakkyawan germination na kayan:
- matsakaiciyar shayarwa;
- tsarin zazzabi + 25-30 °;
- rashin zane;
- haske mai kyau.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, harbe-harben zai bayyana bayan kwanaki 6-8. Bugu da ari, yanayin zafin ya sauka zuwa + 18 ° har zuwa samuwar harbi na 4-5 cm. Bayan cire rauni mai rauni, zaka iya kara yanayin zuwa + 25 °.
A lokacin canja wuri zuwa gonar, harbi ya riga ya sami aƙalla ganye 4 (yana da shekaru 30-35). Kwanaki 5-7 kafin dasawa, ana buƙatar tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin ruwa kuma ya kamata a saita zafin jiki bai wuce 20 ° ba.
Zai fi kyau dasawa da safe, don haka ka shayar da tukwane da yamma. Hakanan yana da kyau a kula da harbe-harben tare da maganin 1% na ruwan Bordeaux. An sauya tsaba a cikin rami tare da ƙasa kuma an zurfafa shi zuwa ganyen cotyledon. Tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka yakai 70-100 cm.
Yadda za a kula bayan dasa shuki a kan shafin?
Matasa matasa suna buƙatar kariya, sabili da haka, bayan dasawa, an rufe gado da fim. Kuna buƙatar shigar da iska a kullun don hana haɓakar ciki. Kuna iya cire kariya gaba daya a watan Yuni.
Don jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma don pollination, ana ba da shawarar dasa tsire-tsire na zuma kusa da kankana. Idan ruwan sama yayi yayin lokacin zabe, kuna buƙatar yin shi da hannu
Dokokin shayarwa
Guna da gourds suna son danshi, amma bai kamata ku wuce gona da iri ba. Ya isa ya shayar da gadaje sau ɗaya a mako. Bayan bude furannin mata akan shuka, yanayin danshi yana raguwa. Bayan ‘ya’yan itacen sun samu, ba a bukatar ban ruwa.
Top dressing da hadi na kankana
Bayan kwanaki 12, ana buƙatar ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da cakuda na gina jiki. ya samo asali ne daga garin da aka dasa (kashi 10 na ruwa da kuma kashi 1 na taki). Bayan 'yan makonni daga baya, an gabatar da abinci na karin na biyu tare da ƙari na superphosphate (50 g a kowace lita ta bayani), ammonium sulfate (15 g), potassium sulfate (30 g) zuwa mullein.
Ana amfani da makamancin saɓon ƙasa yayin shuka tsaba a waje.
Sake haifuwa
Ana yada al'adun tare da taimakon tsaba. A cikin yanayi, wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta siffa zagaye na Berry. Bayan overripe, yana buɗewa sai tsaba ta zube tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Masu himma, suna cin kankana mai dadi, suna wanke baƙin hatsi cikin ruwa mai tsafta kuma sun bushe. Ajiye a cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki a cikin busassun wuri har zuwa kakar wasa ta gaba, bayan haka suna girma cikin tsire-tsire ko waɗanda ba sa shuka.
Yadda ake girma girma melons a gonar: babban kuskure
Don kar a maimaita kuskuren wasu lambu, ana ba da shawara cewa ku fahimci kan ku waɗanda suka fi kowa.
- Ba da fifiko ga ɗaya ko wani iri-iri, yana da daraja karatun lokacin nunannin berry. Ya kamata a jefar da tsakiyar-ƙarshen da ƙarshen halittar, komai irin dandanon da suke da shi.
- Sau da yawa, ana jefa tsaba cikin zurfin ƙasa. A irin wannan ƙasar, shukar ba ta bunkasa sosai. Clay ko ƙasa mai nauyi dole ne a tsarma ta da yashi da peat don yin fasalin tsarin. Kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba a nesa mai nisa daga juna.
- Kada ku zaɓi makircin da aka yi wa ciyawa tare da ciyawar ciyawa. Burian za ta kashe harbe-harbe matasa, ta hana su yaɗuwa da girma.
- Ra'ayin wasu mazauna lokacin rani cewa kankana tana son ɓangaren inuwa yana ɗaukar kuskure. Shuka a ƙarƙashin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi ba zai ba da izinin Berry ta girma ba, al'adun suna son rana da yawa.
- Noman guna ba tare da maganin kwari da cututtuka ba yana sanya shakku kan samun girbi mai kyau.
- Rashin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin ƙasa yana rage lokacin 'ya'yan itace da ƙimar berry. Tabbas Berry tana buƙatar saman ado da hadi.
Kwari da matsalolin girma kankana
Al'adar tana iya kamuwa da cututtuka iri ɗaya kamar na cucumber. Yana:
- peronosporosis;
- ascochitis;
- foda mai laushi;
- anthracnose.
Lokacin girma, ana amfani da matakan rigakafi da jiyya iri ɗaya don noman shuke-shuke kabewa: Ordan, sulfur colloidal, Abiga-Peak, HOM, da sauransu.
Daga cikin kwari suna dauke da hadari:
- aphid
- wireworm;
- asu asu;
- diba;
- tsiro.
Idan kun gano kasancewar kwari ko kayan aikinsu masu mahimmanci, kada ku yi jinkirin sarrafawa, yawancin amfanin gona ko duk kankana na iya mutuwa. Idan samfuran halittu basu bada tasirin da ake buƙata ba bayan aikace-aikace, ya kamata ayi amfani da magungunan ƙwari: Tantrek, Aktaru, Decis, Fufanon.
Gyara girbi
Kuna buƙatar cire berries daga gonar a wani lokaci. Idan kayi haka daga baya, kankana ba zata dade ba a ajiye ta. Tazarar da ke tsakanin matakin farko na balaga da cikakken balaga kwanaki 5 ne kawai, don haka yana da mahimmanci kar a rasa wannan lokacin. An girbe amfanin gona daidai bazai rasa zaƙi da ƙarfi na ɓangaren litattafan almara na dogon lokaci ba.
Alamu masu zuwa suna nuna 'yayan itacen:
- bushewa na wutsiya;
- samuwar bayyananniyar sifa a kan ɓawon burodi;
- bacewar ruwan duhu;
- kasancewar wuraren rawaya a saman Berry;
- kamshin yana kama da na ciyawar da aka yankakke;
- yayin bugawa, ana jin sautin ringi.
Alamar nunawar bishiyar berry na iya zama kusan lokacin girmar 'ya'yan itacen:
- farkon iri - 32-35 kwanakin;
- matsakaici iri - 40-45 days;
- marigayi iri - 50-53 days.
Abu ne mai yuwuwa don tsirar da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano a kan rukunin yanar gizonku, wanda aka ba duk nuances da dokoki. Ko da kun girma kankana a Khabarovsk ko Bashkiria.Al'adar kankana, kodayake ba ta da daɗi, har yanzu tana buƙatar kulawa. Lallai za a sami lada da himma da aiki tare da girbi mai karimci tare da narkar da Berry.