Lokacin shuka tumatir a cikin greenhouses da hotbeds, yakamata ku zaɓi nau'ikan da basa jituwa da yanayin zafi da cututtukan fungal. Waɗannan buƙatun suna haɗuwa da tumatir na Sugar Bison iri-iri. Zamuyi magana game da bayaninsa da halayensa.
Bayani da halaye na bison sukarin tumatir
Bambancin shine sakamakon wahalar masu aikin lambu na gida. An yi rijistar al'adu iri iri a shekara ta 2004. Saboda dandano mai kayatarwa da halayen kasuwanci, tumatir ya zama sananne a tsakanin masu gidaje masu zaman kansu cikin kankanin lokaci. Ana iya gudanar da noman kayan lambu a kusan dukkanin yankuna na ƙasar, tunda an sanya shuka a matsayin greenhouse. A yankin kudancin kasar, masu kula da lambu sun dace da noman manyan tumatir a cikin fili.
Sugar bison tsire-tsire ne mai ƙayyadadden yanayi wanda yake girma a cikin kwanaki 90-100. Tsayin al'adun ya kai mita 1.6-1.8, wanda ke samar da hanyar ɗaurewa. Wani fasali na farkon tumatir iri iri shine yawan amfanin ƙasa, an cire matsakaita na kilogiram 8-12 daga 1 m2.
A takaice halaye na tayi:
- siffar - mai-siffar zuciya;
- launi - rasberi ruwan hoda;
- nauyi - 250-350 gr .;
- dalili - don salads, yin biredi, ketchups, shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Fatar tumatir tabbatacce ne, matsakaici ne. Godiya ga wannan ingancin, an lura da kyawawan kayan amfanin gona da jigilar kayayyaki.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na nau'ikan
Gabaɗaya ra'ayi na Sugar Bison tumatir za a iya taƙaita shi ta hanyar fahimtar da kai fa'idodi da rashin amfani. Daga cikin halaye masu fa'ida:
- girmar farko (bayan girbi, zaku iya amfani da gado don dasa sauran shukokin da suka girbe da wuri);
- yawan amfanin ƙasa mai ɗorewa;
- dandanon da ba shi da tamka, wanda a cikinsa akwai dadi da kuma 'yar laushi;
- amfani da fruitsa fruitsan duniya;
- rigakafi mai ƙarfi, wanda ke bayyana kanta cikin juriya da cututtuka daban-daban.
Bangaran rauni shine iyakance sarari don shuka amfanin gona (ƙarƙashin murfi). Babu korafi game da kasuwa da dandanon tumatir.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don ƙasa don dasa tumatir
Don shuka iri, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da kayan kwalliyar duniya ko na musamman don tumatir. Ana iya shirya cakuda ƙasa da kansa ta hanyar haɗa ɓangarorin 3 na ƙasar sod, ɓangaren peat 1, ɓangaren humus (takin). Kafin cika kwantena, dole ne a dumama ƙasa a cikin murhun ko a zuba shi da maganin sinadarin potassium na ƙaramin ƙarfi don cutar da yanayin.
Lokacin girma tumatir a cikin greenhouse, ana bada shawarar maye gurbin saman ƙasa na ƙasa (aƙalla 30 cm) kowace shekara. A karkashin matsuguni, an samar da kyawawan halaye wadanda ke inganta ci gaban naman gwari da kwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Dukkanin kananan halittu suna taruwa a cikin kasa, wanda yake rage yawan amfanin gona na sabuwar kakar. Sabili da haka, maimakon layin da aka cire, an sake sabon sabo, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙasa mai ni'ima (ƙasar lambun), peat, humus. Wannan aikin yana inganta kaddarorin ƙasa na ƙasa kuma yana ƙaruwa da haihuwa.
Tumatir amfanin gona ne wanda yake tasiri sosai ga takin mai magani, sabili da haka, a lokacin bazara, ana gabatar da ƙwayoyin halitta (humus, takin, mullein ko maganin taki na kaji, tokar itace) da kuma ma'adanai (ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, potassium phosphate) a cikin ƙasa. Kafin dasa shuki, zaka buƙaci kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Don wannan, ana shayar da shafin tare da maganin potassium permanganate ko jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Hakanan zaka iya bi da ƙasa ta ruwan zãfi.
Tumatir yana son ƙasa mai sassauƙa mai haske, wadatuwa da ƙananan abubuwa da ƙananan abubuwa. Wannan yana haɓaka ci gaban tushen tsarin kuma yana ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki. Matsakaici ya zama dan kadan acidic ko tsaka tsaki.
Shuka dokoki
An dasa shuki kwanaki 60-65 kafin a sauya shukokin zuwa gadon greenhouse. An binne su 1.5 cm a cikin ƙasa mai laima, suna yayyafa farfajiya tare da peat. Tsakanin tsakanin tsaba shine cm 3-5. An rufe saman akwatin da gilashi ko filastik. A zazzabi na 22-25 °, za a bayyana iri bayan kwanaki 5-7.
Da zaran 'ya'yan itacen sun bayyana a saman fuskar ƙasa, kuna buƙatar sake shirya akwatin a cikin wani wuri mai haske tare da tsarin yanayin zafin jiki:
- yayin rana - 18-20 °;
- da dare - 14-16 °.
Rage digiri na ba da gudummawa ga ci gaban daidai na shuka. A cikin ɗaki mai zafi, itacen tsire-tsire zai bushe kawai, kuma tare da ƙarancin haske, tushensu zai zama sirara.
Shuka sau da yawa ana shirya shi a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris. A wannan lokacin, lokacin hasken rana bai isa ga ciyayi na al'ada ba, sabili da haka, ya kamata a sanya fitilar mai kyalli sama da akwatin tare da tsire-tsire.
Yana da kyau a shayar da tsire-tsire ta amfani da kwalba mai fesawa. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar gwadawa don samun ruwa akan koren. A mataki na samuwar ganye 2-3, ana ɗaukar ɗauke da tsire-tsire. Yana da mahimmanci don canza tushen zuwa wani akwati daban tare da dunƙun duniyan don kar ya lalata su. Mako guda bayan ɗaukar, ana amfani da farkon ciyarwa. A karo na biyu, ana wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki mako guda kafin dasa shukokin. Wannan ya zama dole don saurin saurin zuwa sabon yanayin.
Mako guda kafin a canja shukokin zuwa gidan greenhouse ko gadon buɗewa, kuna buƙatar fitar da tukwanen tumatir zuwa iska mai ɗumi (ko a rufe) kowace rana don taurarawa.
Dasa tumatir a cikin buyayyar kasa
Ana jujjuya shukar zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa bayan ƙasa ta ɗumi har zuwa 16 °, kuma yanayin zafin dare ba zai faɗi ƙasa da 10 ° C. A kowane hali, kafin ranar 10 ga Mayu (a tsakiyar layin) wannan bai kamata a yi shi ba, akwai babban yuwuwar yanayin sanyi na dare. Da farko, ana iya rufe gado da fim don gidan yanar gizo na aminci.
An shuka tumatir bisa ga makirci:
- tazara a cikin layuka tsakanin shuki shine 40-45 cm;
- nisa tsakanin layuka shine 50-60 cm.
Zurfin ramin ya kai cm 25. Kafin dasa shuki, ana zuba peat da toka na itace a cikin ramuka (gilashi 1 kowannensu).
Lokacin dasa shuki tumatir a cikin greenhouse, ana kiyaye yanayi iri ɗaya, amma lokacin canja wurin shuke-shuke an ƙaddara daban... Kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan matakin ɗumamar ƙasa. Kada mai nuna alama ya faɗi ƙasa da 15 °, in ba haka ba tushen tushen ba zai ci gaba ba, wanda zai jinkirta lokacin girbi. Hakanan yakamata ku guji manyan canje-canje na zazzabi, wanda yake na al'ada ne ga Maris - Afrilu, lokacin da alamar rana ta kai 30 ° sama da haka, kuma daren ya sauka zuwa 12-14 °.
Kulawa iri-iri bayan dasawa
Shayarwa
Ban ruwa bayan an dasa shi ana aiwatar dashi cikin kwanaki 3-5. Don ban ruwa, ana amfani da ruwan dumi mai dumi, zai fi dacewa da ruwan sama ko narkewa. Daga tsarin ban ruwa, drip da karkashin kasa sun fi dacewa. Saboda amfani da yayyafa, ƙanshi mai laushi yana ƙaruwa, wanda zai iya tsokano ci gaban naman gwari.
Gulma da sassautawa
Sugar bison ya amsa da kyau ga ƙasa mai laushi, sabili da haka, bayan shayarwa, kuna buƙatar fatar saman shafi tare da zurfin zurfin 5-7. Bayan sassautawa, ƙasa za ta dumi mafi kyau, wanda ke da sakamako mai kyau akan haɓakar harbi. A lokaci guda, ana gudanar da ciyawar, wanda shine tushen kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, kuma yana taimakawa wajen ƙaruwar zafin iska. Bayan dasa shuki shuki, yakamata a kwance lokacin 1 a cikin kwanaki 7-10.
Da zaran an kafa daji, sai a rage yawan hanyoyin yadda ba za a cutar da shuka ba a yayin samuwar furanni da kwayayen.
Mulching
Bayan nome kasar, yakamata a dasa gadon gonar. Ciyawar da aka ɗora da mai aƙalla 4-5 cm yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke rage adadin shayarwa. Hakanan an lura da raguwa cikin tsananin ci gaban sako. Ana amfani da busasshiyar tattaka, peat ko ciyawar wucin gadi a matsayin shimfidar ƙasa.
Top miya
A lokacin girma, tumatir yana buƙatar ƙarin takin 2-3. Na farko ana aiwatar da shi makonni 2 bayan dasa shukokin zuwa ga gadon gonar, na biyu - kafin flowering, na uku - a matakin taro na samuwar ovaries. Ana amfani da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai a matsayin abinci.
Tsarin Bush, tsunkule
Gandun daji yana da tsayi, saboda haka yana buƙatar siffatawa. Sau da yawa ana zaɓar hanyar 2-stem. Kiwo da hauhawar amfanin gona. Bayan tsirrai sun kai tsayin 30 cm, ana gudanar da garter a kan trellis ko wani nau'in tallafi.
Kuskuren kulawa gama gari
Daga cikin kuskuren da lambu suka saba yi yayin kula da tumatir, abubuwan da ke zuwa:
- dasa shuki na tsire-tsire (yawan tsirrai iri-iri na Sugar Bison iri-iri 3-4 ne a kowane m2);
- yalwa ko yawan shayarwa (yana haifar da ci gaban naman gwari);
- canja wurin seedlings zuwa ƙasa mai sanyi (an hana ci gaban ci gaba);
- shayar da tumatir (ovaries na iya narkewa daga yawan sinadarai kuma ganye ya zama rawaya).
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Tumatir yana da matukar juriya ga muhallin yanayi, wanda ke rage haɗarin kamuwa da fungal. Amma kwari da cututtuka na iya haifar da matsaloli har ma da tsire mai ƙarfi.
Babban makiyin tumatir shine greenhouse whitefly... A karkashin matsuguni, an samar da yanayi mai kyau don haifuwa da ciyar da kwaron. Duk da karancin girman, lalacewar amfanin gona na iya zama ba za'a iya sakewa dashi ba. Idan an sami wata cuta mai mahimmanci, ya kamata a gudanar da magani tare da Confidor.
Idan tumatir ya girma a waje, toshi da masu hakar dare ma na iya far wa gonar. Ana ba da shawarar kawar da kwari masu saurin yaduwa tare da taimakon Bison.
Lokacin diluting kwayoyi, ya kamata ku bi sashin da aka ba da shawara don kada ku cutar da shuka da lafiyar ɗan adam.
Daga cututtukan da ke akwai, ruɓaɓɓen 'ya'yan itatuwa masu haɗari suna kawo barazana ga Sugar Bison... Idan aka gano matsala, ya kamata a cire tumatir din da abin ya shafa daga daji kuma a jefar da shi ta hanyar konewa don gano yadda cutar ta bullo. Har ila yau ya zama dole don daidaita hadi (rage adadin nitrogen), da tsarin ban ruwa (rage danshi na kasa). Ofaya daga cikin dalilan ci gaban ruɓaɓɓen ruwan kasa shine ƙarancin haske, saboda haka yana da daraja a duba ƙarfin haske a cikin greenhouse da tsawon lokutan hasken rana. Idan ayyukan da aka lissafa basu bada sakamako mai kyau ba, kuna buƙatar gudanar da magani tare da ɗayan magunguna: Hom, Oxis, Barrier, Zaslon, da dai sauransu.
A duban farko, ba a daukar fasahar noma a matsayin mai wahala. Koyaya, waɗancan lambu waɗanda suka kasance suna shuka kayan lambu a cikin bishiyoyi na sama da shekara ɗaya za su iya ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayi don samun manyan, kuma mafi mahimmanci lafiyayyen 'ya'yan Sugar Bison.