Kaji Leghorn (Leghorn) - nau'in kwai mai ba da 'ya'ya, wanda aka fara yin shi a Italiya. A yau, wannan shine tushe don ƙirƙirar bambancin nau'in kwai a cikin masana'antar kiwon kaji. Akwai launuka sama da 20 na kawan kaji na Leghorn, gami da fararen fata, waɗanda aka rarrabe su da yawan aiki da rashin dacewar su. Linesin jinsin suna ci gaba da haɓaka da faɗaɗa su.
Bayyanar, kwatanci da hoto
A Rasha, galibi Leghorns tare da farin fuka-fukan an bred. La'akari da cewa nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan kaji ya bunkasa, akwai tsuntsaye masu launin ruwan kasa, baƙi, shuɗi, motley, zinaren zinare. Alamomin bayyanar Leghorn sun hada da:
- karamin girma da nauyi;
- jiki tsaye a cikin nau'i na ruwa;
- jiki mai tsayi;
- kan yana da matsakaici a cikin girma, an daddafa nau'in nau'in-ganye a zakara kuma an rataye shi a cikin kaji, farin ko kunnen kunnen shuɗi, jan earan kunne;
- idris na idanu a cikin kaji kaɗan rawaya ne, a cikin samari masu wakiltar launin ruwan lemu mai duhu;
- ɓullo da kirji;
- madaidaiciya baya;
- matsakaicin tsayi a kajin baligi;
- matasa suna da fata mai launin rawaya, kuma manya masu launi irin na jiki;
- doguwar wutsiya mai kaza a kwana ta kwana 40 ° a jiki;
- plumage mai yawa.
Yanayin yanayi - a ina ya fi kyau a ajiye shi a cikin keji ko tafiya
Kaji na nau'in Leghorn suna aiki, koyaushe suna motsi. Ana ba da shawarar a ajiye su a cikin sito tare da yiwuwar yin tafiya. Sizeananan tsuntsayen za su adana sarari lokacin zaɓar sito. Don cikakken ci gaba zuwa wurin da ake tsare, ya zama dole don samar da dama ga iska mai haske da haske. Kaji dole ne su zauna cikin tsabta. Dole ne a adana sito da kayan abinci, masu ciyarwa, nests.
Don tafiya, ƙaramin yanki da aka katange da raga ya isa. Tsayin shingen bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da m 1.5 ba don kaji ba ya tashi a kan shingen. Yin tafiya yana buƙatar masu ciyarwa da masu sha. A lokacin dumi, kaji sun fi kyau kasancewa a waje. Suna son tono ƙasa don neman tsutsotsi, tsakuwa. Yana da kyawawa cewa ciyawa tana tsirowa a yankin shingen. Idan babu, to sau da yawa a rana ya kamata a ciyar da kaji tare da saman karas, beets da sauran ciyayi. A lokacin sanyi, ana ajiye tsuntsu a sito.
Mahimmanci!Lokacin da babu wata hanyar tafiya ga tsuntsayen saboda yanayin sanyi, yakamata a sami tiren tare da ƙananan duwatsu a cikin sito. Tsuntsaye suna cinye su don nika mai inganci a cikin goiter.
Caged Leghorn kaji an yarda. Wannan zai adana sarari, babban abu shine cewa keɓaɓɓen keji ba ƙunci bane. Saboda rashin nauyi, kaji ba sa jin daɗi a doron ƙasa. Ya kamata a karkatar da shi, kuma ana buƙatar akwatunan kwai a waje da keji. Nisa tsakanin sandunan net din ya isa ga kaza ta manna kanta a ciki ta fitar da ita da yardar kaina. Yakamata a tsabtace keji don kaucewa barkewar cututtuka.
Kaji na masana'antu ko na sha'awa
Kaji na nau'in Leghorn sananne ne a cikin kiwon kaji na gonakin masana'antu a ƙasashe daban-daban. Fiye da masana'antun kiwo guda 20 a duk faɗin Rasha sun tsunduma cikin canji da ƙirƙirar sababbin irin wannan nau'in, kamar su babba, mai launin ruwan kasa Leghorn, Dalmatian.
Cigaba da cigaba ya baiwa kaza damar yin kwai sama da kwanaki 200 a shekara. Don kiwo Leghorns baya buƙatar sarari da yawa da abinci... Saboda haka, a yau kasuwancin kiwon kaji don riba ya bunkasa.
A cikin gonakin masana'antu, Leghorns suna girma cikin keɓaɓɓu, waɗanda ke cikin layuka a cikin sito. Magungunan rigakafi da na jijiyoyin jiki na iya taimaka wa jimre da cututtukan da cunkoso da datti ke haifarwa. Koyaya, tare da su akwai raguwar tsuntsaye, wanda ke haifar da cushewa. A cikin tsarin masana'antu, kaji na Leghorn ana kiwon shi tsawon shekara guda ana yanka shi don rage samar da kwai.
Leghorns a bayan gida
Saboda gaskiyar cewa babu tsada mai tsada don kiyaye tsuntsaye, sun girma har ma da masu son kajin kaji masu kudi, ana iya samun bita a kasa. Bugu da kari, zaka iya ajiye Leghorns a gidajen kaji tare da sauran kaji.
Idan don dalilan kasuwanci suka shuka kaji na irin White Leghorn, to a cikin gidaje sun fi son tsuntsaye masu launuka daban-daban na gashin tsuntsu. Waɗannan yawanci kaji ne masu launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda manyan ƙwai suke da shi. Yawan aiki ya yi kasa, amma a waje sun fi ban sha'awa da fari, wanda ke jan hankalin masoya kaji. Daga cikin bambancin jinsin Leghorn, masu launin ruwan kasa sun mamaye fiye da 60%. Suna yaduwa saboda buƙatar ƙwanƙolin ƙwai mai ruwan kasa.
Layer Brown suna buƙatar ƙarin hankalifiye da fari. Dole ne a kiyaye yanayin ciyarwar sosai; idan aka sami cin zarafi, an dawo da samar da kwai na dogon lokaci. Bugu da kari, irin wadannan kaji na iya kamuwa da cututtuka.
Halaye na mutane
Leghorn hens sunyi nauyi tsakanin 1.5 da 2 kilogiram, maza suna da nauyin kilogiram 2.3-2.7. Sun fara yin ƙwai a watanni 4-5, samar da kwai 200-250 a shekara, kuma wani lokacin har zuwa guda 300 ko fiye. Qwai na kaji shekara guda masu nauyi a cikin 60 g, harsashi yana da ƙarfi fari.
Kwancen kaza Blanche Leghorn sun sa ƙwai mai nauyin gram 454 a 1956. Bawonsa ya ninka, kuma akwai ma gwaiduwa biyu.
Yawan haihuwa na kwai 95%. Ana haihuwar kaza da ƙarfi, fuka-fukai suna bayyana makonni 2. Don ƙirƙirar ƙwai ɗaya a cikin kwanciya kaza, an kashe 130-150 g na abinci. Babu wata ilhami ta ƙyanƙyashe. Leghorns suna cinyewa daga 110 zuwa 130 g na abinci kowace rana... Ba shi yiwuwa a nuna ainihin adadi, tunda, ya dogara da halayen nau'in, alamun sun bambanta. Don kiwon kaji har zuwa makonni 18, kuna buƙatar ciyar da kilogiram 6-7 na abinci.
Iri iri
Farin kafa
Nau'in ya banbanta ta yadda zai iya rayuwa a yankunan kudanci da arewacin, saboda ikon saurin daidaitawa da yanayi. Koyaya, yawanci kaji na White Leghorn yawanci ana kiwon su a gidajen kaji, kuma an samar da kyakkyawan yanayi a wurin, ba tare da la'akari da yanayi da yanayi ba.
Magana.Farar kaji na Rasha suna kama da fararen fatun kafa. Na biyun an bred su ta tsallaka Leghorns. Suna kama da bayyanar da halaye na asali. Amma farar fatar Rasha tayi nasara saboda ilham da ke tattare da kwan kwan.
Kaji na White Leghorn ba su da kyau a cikin abinci da yanayin tsarewa. Lokacin da aka yi renon su don samun riba, ana ajiye su a cikin ƙananan ƙananan keɓaɓɓu ba tare da tafiya ba. Saboda ci gaban da ake samu a kullun, White Leghorn na iya yin ƙwai fiye da kwanaki 200 a shekara, wanda ke kawo babbar fa'ida ga masu kiwon kaji. Kajin wannan nau'in yana yin kwai da yawa ba wai kawai saboda gyaruwansu ba, amma kuma saboda ana basu abinci na wucin gadi. Wadannan sutturar suna lalata jikin kajin, don haka ba a kiyaye kaji fiye da shekara guda. Hormones, maganin rigakafi na taimakawa rayuwa cikin cinkoson mutane da laka. A kasuwanci, babban abu shine samar da kwai, saboda haka samfuran da ke ƙoƙarin ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai sun lalace.
Dwarf leghorns
Wannan nau'in dwarf ana kiransa da kaji B-33 ko Farin Mini-kaji. Tsuntsaye suna da kyau saboda gaskiyar cewa suna ɗauke da kwayar halittar da ake samu don dwarfism. Nauyin zakara daga kilogram 1.4 zuwa kilogiram 1.7, kaji masu nauyin ƙasa da kilogram 1.4. Productionirƙirar ƙwai da ƙimar rayuwa suna da yawa, kamar yadda yake a cikin duk Leghorns. Kajin manya farare ne, kaji rawaya ne.
Dwarf leghorns, duk da aikin su, baya buƙatar sarari da yawa don adanawa, keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu sun dace da su. -Ananan kaji suna cin abinci ƙasa da sauran nau'o'in tsuntsaye masu girman su da kashi 35 - 40. Haɗuwa da kaji yana tafiya da kyau, ba sa jin tsoron yanayin yanayin yanayin zafi.
Dwarf leghorns an rarrabe su ta hanyar abokantaka da juna, suna tare da sauran tsuntsaye. Samun haihuwa da ƙwai a cikin wannan nau'in ya fi girmafiye da sauran Leghorns kuma ya fi kashi 95%. Wannan saboda aikin karamin-zakara ne. Kamar sauran kaji na Leghorn, kawayen doki basa kyankyashe ƙwai; baza ku iya yin ba tare da incubator ba. Wani fasali na nau'in B-33 yayin shiryawa shine sanyaya mai tsawo hade da babban girman ƙwai.
Ya kamata a ciyar da dogayen dodarni tare da inganci da daidaitaccen abinci. Kasancewar kwayar halitta mai sakewa yana canza hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa, rashin daidaitaccen abinci yana shafar lafiyar kaji. Musamman, yawan furotin a abinci shine dalilin murza yatsun cikin kaji 8-10 kwanakin rayuwa. Bugu da ari, sun rasa gabobin jiki kuma sun mutu. Bugu da kari, tare da ciyarwa mara kyau, samar da kwan na dwarf leghorns ya sauka da yawa.
Abinci: kaza, kaji manya, kwanciya kaji
Leghorn abinci ya zama sabo. Dole ne tsarin abinci ya kasance mai daidaitaka domin sunadarai da ma'adanai su isa kaji a cikin sassan daidai. Koyaya, menu na nau'ikan Leghorns daban daban:
- Kaji na bukatar karin furotin a cikin abincinsu. Ranar farko ta rayuwa, ana ciyar da kaji da ruwan kwai da cuku, a rana ta biyu, ana kara gero a cikin abincin. Wasu masu kiwon kaji suna ciyar da ƙananan Leghorn daga haihuwa tare da takamaiman tsari na “Start for Layers”, wanda ba shi da tsada. Da shekara 4, kaji ana gaurayasu da koren abinci, kamar su albasa, dandelions, nettles. Haka kuma dunƙulen kwan ƙwai yana da amfani ga jiki mai girma. An ƙara alli a cikin abinci a rana ta biyar ta rayuwa. Kwanaki 10 bayan haihuwa, ana bukatar a ciyar da kajin har sau 6 a rana. A cikin shekaru 21, kaji an canza shi zuwa tsarin manya da cin abincin an iyakance shi da 3. Tare da ingantaccen kulawa da abinci mai gina jiki, Leghorns ba sa mutuwa, amma suna girma kuma suna da nauyi.
- Don ciyar da manya, kuna buƙatar amfani da abubuwa masu zuwa:
- masara;
- abubuwan ma'adinai;
- lemun tsami
- yanki na alli;
- garin kashi.
Ya kamata a ciyar da kafafu sau uku a rana. Karin kumallo da abincin dare sun ƙunshi hatsi kamar sha'ir, alkama. Yana da daraja a ƙara gishiri kaɗan, alli da abubuwan bitamin na musamman a gare su. Don abincin rana a Leghorns dusa, wanda karas, dankali, apples, kabeji, da nettles, aka kara quinoa. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara zucchini, gwoza da karas saman. Bran da cin kashi kashi ne masu mahimmanci na abincin kaji don cikakken ci gaba.
- Idan kaji suna buƙatar furotin, to yadudduka, ban da, bukatar alli da bitamin kari don samar da kwai akai-akai. A lokacin rani, kwanciya kaji na cinye bitamin daga ganye, kuma a cikin hunturu suna buƙatar ciyar da su da dafaffun kayan lambu. Calcium a jikin kajin an dawo da shi ta hanyar amfani da murƙushewar bawo, ƙwan ƙwai ba shi da inganci. Kaji ya kamata su sami isasshen abinci don ƙirƙirar ƙwai, saboda wannan tsari ne mai ƙarfin kuzari. Ya kamata a sanya ruwa mai tsafta kusa da abincin. A cikin hunturu, yana da kyawawa ya zama dumi. Wannan ya zama dole don samuwar kwai.
Fasali na abubuwan cikin Leghorns
Leghorn wani nau'in kaji ne wanda ake dacewa dashi ga sanyi saboda yawan gashin tsuntsaye. Koyaya, suna kwan ƙwai ne kawai a cikin ɗaki mai ɗumi, inda zafin jiki bai sauka ƙasa da 5 C. Abubuwan da aka zana da tsallewar zafin kwatsam ba za a bar su a cikin rumfar ba. Ya kamata a sami shimfidar dumi mai kauri mai tsawon cm 50 wanda aka yi da bishiyoyi, bambaro, ciyawa don kada kaji ba su da lafiya kuma yawan kwai ba ya raguwa. A lokacin sanyi, wannan rufin zai yi aiki azaman tushen zafi. Guji ɓawon burodi a saman.
Dole iska a cikin sito kada ta bushekamar yadda yake da hadari ga kaji. Lowestimar mafi ƙasƙanci na iya zama 45%. Amma kuma bai kamata a bar danshi mai yawa ba. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da shigar iska da haske zuwa wurin da aka ajiye tsuntsayen ta hanyar sanya musu tagogi da samar da iska. Idan Leghorns ba su yi girma a cikin ɗaki mai tsabta ba, to, ƙwayoyin cuta na rayuwa a cikin gashin. Kuna iya ma'amala dasu a gida ta amfani da kwandunan toka. Ya fi amfani da amfani da shirye-shirye na musamman a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan ƙara abinci waɗanda ke kawar da kwari. Dole ne wurin da aka ajiye Leghorns ya zama sanye take.
Hankali!Cikakken bacci yana shafar kwayayen kaji. Matsayin bacci ya zama mai daɗi don ƙafafun ya sami ƙwanƙwasa hannu. Dole ne a yi sandunan da diamita mai dacewa kuma a zagaye su.
Ana sanya wuraren a nesa na 80 cm daga bene a gefen gefen taga. Gida suna haɗe kusa da wuraren da ke bango.
Cututtuka da yadda ake magance su
A cikin gonakin masana'antu, akwai ƙarar matakin kara. Wannan yana haifar da cutar da ke tattare da kaji na Leghorn - hayaniya... Layer suna da saukin kamuwa da wannan cutar yayin kwanciya. Cutar ta bayyana ne da cewa kaji na zama masu fada da juna, suna ihu, suna kada fikafikansu suna doke bango. Saboda wannan, Leghorns sun cutar da kansu da wasu, sun rasa wani ɓangare na lodinsu, kuma samar da ƙwai ya faɗi. Hare-hare na iya faruwa sau da yawa a rana. A irin wannan yanayin, kana buƙatar rage matakin amo kai tsaye ka ƙirƙiri kyakkyawan yanayin samar da kwai.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Bayan yin nazarin kwatancin da halaye na nau'in Leghorn, ya zama dole a nuna fa'ida da rashin ingancin wannan nau'in.
Halaye masu kyau:
- Saurin balaga (watanni 4-5), yawan haihuwa (har zuwa 95%), yawan kyankyasar kaji (har zuwa 83%).
- Yawan samar da kwai, karancin abinci, manyan kwai.
- Bawo yana da launin ruwan kasa. A cikin shagon, yawanci zaka iya samun fararen ƙwai ne kawai, ba a cika sayar da masu launin ruwan kasa ba, ana saurin siyar dasu.
- Leghorns suna girma a ƙasarmu daga Caucasus zuwa Siberia. Tsuntsaye suna iya jure sanyi sau da yawa saboda ɗimbin leda kuma suna saurin daidaitawa da sababbin yanayi, ana rarrabe su da nutsuwa.
Halaye mara kyau
- Halayen nama na jinsin basu da kyau saboda kyau a aikin kwai
- Yawan samar da kwai kawai a shekara, to da sauri ya sauka
- Babu wata dabarar kyankyashewar hatimi ko ta mahaifiya. Ana buƙatar incubator don kiwon kaji
- Surutu da fitilu masu haske suna iya haifar da ƙarar kajin da ta zama ruwan dare a cikin wannan nau'in.
Bayani
Olga, yankin Vologda Kharovsk
Na daga Leghorns a cikin keɓaɓɓu keji, inda suka fi kyau. Suna zaune tare da ni a matsayin dangi, har a lokacin bazara. Ban lura da mummunan halin juna ba. A kan tafiya, kaji da zakara sun firgita, suna gudu daga gefe zuwa gefe, suna son zuwa wani wuri, ba su san inda za su yi sauri ba. Yayinda suke cikin keji, tsuntsaye suna yin kwai kusan kowace rana. Sau ɗaya kawai suka narke. Dandalin kaji
Daria Rocheva
Na tuna cewa kakata ta kasance tana kiwon kaji na wannan nau'in. Sunyi kwai kusan kowace rana ba tare da tsangwama ba. Fitowar su tayi kyau. Ina tunanin samun Leghorns, abin da ya rage kawai shi ne gina sito wanda tsuntsayen za su ji daɗi. Mujallar Bird
Fasha 388
Kowa yana cewa Leghorns sun lalace bayan shekara guda, ban lura da hakan ba. Tsuntsayen na ci gaba da tashi sama da adadi mai yawa, sun yi ado sosai. Game da abinci, farfasa bawo, gero, ana samun sunadarai koyaushe. Yawancin lokaci ina ba kaji sharar kicin: daga juji zuwa cuku. Don kiwo Leghorns a gida, kuna buƙatar incubator ko brood hen wanda zai iya ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai Leghorn. Adana kaji
Kiran Leghorn kaji a gonar gida takan kawo kyakkyawan sakamako ga mai kiwon kaji kawai. Girma don dalilai na masana'antu shima yana da fa'ida. Kulawa mara kyau zai ba ka damar samun ƙwai masu daɗi a farashi kaɗan. Yawaitar nau'in na ba ku damar mallakar ƙwai ƙwai da kaji matasa a kowane lokaci na shekara ba tare da matsala ba.