Rasberi ɗayan mashahuran albarkatun gona ne don yawancin mazauna lokacin rani. Akwai nau'ikan iri-iri na wannan dadi da lafiya.
Daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki shine Rasberi na Tibet.
Bayanin iri-iri
Rasberi na Tibet yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'in daji na wannan amfanin gona.... Farkon abin da aka ambata game da shi a matsayin shuka na lambu an yi su ne a Japan a cikin karni na 19; Arewacin China da Himalayas suma ana ɗaukar su matsayin gidan kakanninsu.
Na biyu sunan wannan iri-iri strawberry rasberi... Saboda gaskiyar cewa wannan Berry ta kasance haɗuwa ce ta amfanin gona biyu, duka a cikin bayyanar da ɗanɗano.
Lokacin 'ya'yan itace ya kasance daga tsakiyar watan Yuli har zuwa farkon farkon sanyi, daga inda zamu iya yanke hukuncin cewa irin wannan shuka yana kawo girbi mai yawa.
Irin wannan daji halin yanayin sanyi da rashin daidaito ga yanayin yanayi... Ana iya girma da shi a kusan kowane yanayi, babban abu shi ne kula da yanayi mai kyau, kamar rashin iska mai kaifi da rigakafin fari na ƙasa.
Halaye na 'yan Tibet waɗanda suka bushe (strawberry) rasberi
A cikin daji, irin waɗannan raspberries na iya kaiwa mita 3 a tsayi, amma lambun, shuke-shuke na gida sun fi girman girma, kuma sun kai tsayin da bai wuce mita 1.5 ba. Kambi yana kirkirar sifa iri-iri.
Ganye - sunan nazarin halittu na irin wannan shrub shine rasberi ya tashi, wanda ke nuna kwatankwacin wannan alamar a cikin albarkatu biyu.
Ganye masu launin kore mai duhu tare da jijiyoyin rawaya, an tattara su cikin guda 5-7 a kan petiole daya, kananan sanannun gefen gefuna.
Furanni - raspberries na wannan nau'ikan sun zama fari, furanni guda, waɗanda suke da girman girma, suna iya zama kusan 5 santimita a diamita. Kunshi 5 petals.
Lokacin furannin yana kasancewa har zuwa tsakiyar kaka kuma sabbin abubuwan inflorescences suna neman maye gurbin 'ya'yan itacen da suka riga suka nuna.
Berry - m, kuna da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano da ɗanɗano da m, ƙamshi na strawberry. Girman 'ya'yan itatuwa na iya kai girman girman irin goro, launinsa mai jan murjani.
Tun daga nesa, fruitsa raspan itaciyar Tibet suna kama da strawberries, don haka suna haifar da rudu da hangen nesa na maƙwabta.
Nsaya - babba da yaji, ba shine mafi kyawun yanayin rarrabewar wannan nau'in ba.
Lokacin aiki tare da raspberries na Tibet, kar a manta da kasancewar ƙaya, koyaushe yi amfani da safar hannu ta roba kuma a kula sosai.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani, kyawawan abubuwa
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da ɗanɗano na musammantuna da baƙar fata tare da bayanan haske na abarba. Wannan haɗin yana da wuya a samu a yanayi.
Bayyanar, dogon 'ya'yan itace da furanni, wanda ya fara daga tsakiyar lokacin rani zuwa ƙarshen Satumba, ya sa raspberries ta Tibet su zama cikakkiyar ƙari ga zane-zane iri daban-daban.
Tare da taimakonta, zaku iya gina faifai mai tsayi ko yin shinge.
Kulawa mara kyau... Wannan nau'ikan baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da sa ido akai-akai. Ba lallai ba ne kawai a shayar da daji a kan lokaci don ta ci gaba da jin daɗin bayyanarta da 'ya'yan itacen mai daɗi.
Yana girma cikin kusan duk yanayin yanayi. Ya bambanta a cikin kyakkyawan yanayin sanyi.
An yi jigilar matalauta, sabili da haka, raspberries na Tibet suna da wuya a ɗakunan ajiya.
Abun rarrabuwar tushen tsarin yafi cutarwa fiye da ƙari, domin idan baku dakatar da ci gaban tarzoma cikin lokaci ba, lallai ne ku tona shafin, ku ba da sarari don sauran amfanin gona.
Kayoyi masu kaifi suna iya cutar mutumsaboda haka aiki tare da wannan nau'in na iya zama haɗari da rashin daɗi.
Fasali na dasa matasan China
Lokacin zabar tsire-tsire, tabbatar da kulawa da yanayin waje. Duk wata lalacewa, a cikin rufin mayafan ruɗi ko rawaya, na iya nuna lalacewar shuka.
Irin wannan daji da wuya ya iya samun tushe a shafin kuma nan ba da dadewa ba zai mutu.
Dogaro da yanayin Tibet raspberries ana iya dasa su duka a cikin wurare masu haske da kuma inuwar m... Ya kamata a lura cewa tana son yanayin dumi da rana. Bai kamata ku zaɓi ƙananan wuraren kwance ba inda dusar ƙanƙara da kududdufai ke tarawa bayan ruwan sama.
Zai fi kyau shuka shrub ƙarshen Satumba - farkon Oktoba... A wannan lokacin ne akwai yiwuwar samun damar ci gaban shukar.
Ya fi son ƙasa mai ni'ima, tsaka tsaki ko kuma alkaline. Don mafi kyawun tsari na raspberries a cikin sabon wuri, ana bada shawarar ƙara guga ɗaya na peat da rabin guga na taki ga kowane rami na dasa.
Zai fi kyau a shirya dazuzzuka a layuka, yayin da nisan tsakanin tsirrai yakai santimita 80-100, zurfin ramin ya zama santimita 50.
Bayan sanya iri a cikin ramin, dole ne a rufe shi da ƙasa mai ni'ima kuma a shayar da shi sosai.
Wannan nau'ikan yana da tsarin ci gaba sosai. Sabili da haka raspberries ba su fitar da sauran albarkatu ba kuna buƙatar samar da kyakkyawan tsarin girma.
Don yin wannan, an haƙa shinge mai shinge tare da zurfin mita 1 tare da kewayen wurin sauka.
Kulawa
Rasberi na Tibet ba shi da bambanci da sauran irin wannan shuka. Ba ta da da'a kuma yana buƙatar kulawa kaɗan.
Shayarwa
Mafi kyawun abu aiwatar da wannan aikin kowace ranadon hana bushewa. A matsakaici, daji daya yana ɗaukar lita 10 na ruwa.
A lokacin ruwan sama, ba kwa buƙatar shayar da ruwan kwalliya kwata-kwata, amma a fari, dole ne a ƙara yawan danshi.
Rasberi na Tibet baya jure yanayin bushe da zafi... Saboda haka, a cikin irin waɗannan lokutan, ban da tushen ban ruwa, ana yin ruwan sama.
Top miya
Wajibi ne don ciyar da shuka sau biyu a shekara.:
- A lokacin bazara, nan da nan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, yakamata a watsa ƙwayoyin ammonium sulfate akan yankin tushen.
- A lokacin kaka, ana amfani da sinadarin potassium sulfide. Ba buƙatar a tsarma shi ba, ana amfani da shi kai tsaye a cikin busasshiyar siga.
Domin hadi ya zama mai tasiri ne sosai, bayan aikin, ya zama dole a rufe tushen yankin da ciyawa daga peat, taki ko humus.
Ragewa
Rasberi na Tibet yana da tsari mai sauƙi da rauni, wanda, ƙari, yana kusa da saman duniya, saboda haka sassauta duniya sosai.
Hakanan ake cire ciyawa. Wadannan ayyukan sun fi kyau ayi da hannu, ba tare da amfani da kayan aiki na musamman ba.
Ana shirya don hunturu
Wannan nau'ikan baya buƙatar kowane shiri na musamman da ƙirƙirar mafaka na musamman. A lokacin kaka, bayan mutuwar koren tsire, dole ne a yanke shi kwata-kwata, a bar rassa tsawon santimita 4-5.
Bayan haka suna buƙatar rufe tare da rassan spruce kuma rufe tare da ƙasa... Wannan shiri zai taimaka shrub ya tsira har ma da yanayin sanyi mafi sanyi.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Za a iya yaduwar naman alade na Tibet ta amfani da fasahohi da fasahohi iri-iri.
Yankan
Kaka ana ɗaukar lokaci mafi kyau, zai fi kyau ayi aikin bayan girbi... Wajibi ne a haƙa daji kuma a raba shi zuwa sassa da yawa, kuma a kan kowane ɓangare dole ne a toho.
Sannan ana sanya sakamakon da aka samu a cikin rami, wanda girmansa ya wuce girman tushen. Kuma a ƙarshen, duk an datse manyan ƙabilu, suna barin ƙaramin kututture, har zuwa tsawon santimita 3.
Tsarin Rhizome
Yawancin lokaci, yawancin samari da yawa suna tarawa a kusa da shuke-shuke baligi waɗanda sun fi shekaru biyar da haihuwa.
Dole ne a tumɓuke shi da shebur mai kaifi kuma ya kamata a saka daji a cikin rami mai dasa fadi.
Irin wannan kiwo ya dace da kaka da lokacin bazara.... Babban abu shine a tabbatar cewa raspberries ɗin sun mutu ko kuma basu riga sun shiga lokacin haɓakar aiki ba.
Tsaba
Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi wahala ga dukkan gabatarwar, na bukatar ƙoƙari da haƙuri sosai:
- Daga bishiyoyin overripe, kuna buƙatar zaɓar tsaba a hankali. Don yin wannan, dole ne a ɗan ɓarke thea fruitsan kuma a bar su a wannan hanyar na tsawon kwanaki 2-3.
- Sa'an nan kuma an wanke slurry sakamakon tare da sieve. Dole ne a bushe iri da aka samu.
- Sannan suna buƙatar sanya su cikin kwantena tare da yashi zuwa zurfin 2-3 mm.
- Irin wannan zane ana sanya shi cikin firiji har tsawon wata ɗaya, sannan a koma cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki.
- Sannan kuna buƙatar saka idanu danshi mai laushi, kuma bayan makonni 3-4 farkon harbe zai bayyana.
Cututtuka da kwari
A wannan yanayin, raspberries na Tibet ba su da bambanci da sauran wakilan wannan al'adun.
Matakan rigakafin za su kasance masu kulawa da inganci sosai, wanda aka bayyana a cikin waɗannan dalilai:
- ciyarwa a kan kari;
- sako-sako da yawa;
- hana ƙwanƙwasa ƙasa na ƙasa;
- girbe busassun rassa da ganyaye, saboda a ciki ne ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban za su iya rayuwa.
Amma idan har yanzu shuka ta shafi, don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, dole ne ka ɗauki waɗannan matakan:
- DDT, Karbofos da Maganin Detoil zai yi tasiri don maganin kwari;
- wani bayani na jan karfe sulfate ko ruwa na Brodsky zai taimaka wajen kawar da cututtuka;
- hanya mafi amfani ita ce cire kayan shuka masu cutar. Dole ne a ƙone su, saboda amfani da rassan cuta da ganye don takin gargajiya ko ciyawa na iya sa abubuwa su tabarbare.
Cututtukan da suka fi yawan gaske waɗanda ke shafar rasberi:
- Rasberi da strawberry weevil - Tana ciyar da ganye da furannin shukar kuma yana iya haifar da asarar amfanin gona mai yawa.
- Rasberi irin ƙwaro - yana son cin abinci a kan 'ya'yan itace da ganye.
- Anthracnose - yana nuna kanta a cikin sifa mai haske launin ruwan kasa, wanda a hankali yake ƙaruwa.
- Yellow mosaic.
- Ciwon daji - cuta ce ta kwayan cuta, tana shafar tushen tsarin matasa da tsire-tsire masu rauni.
- Chlorosis - rawaya da kuma saurin mutuwa daga ganyen ganye yana farawa.
Rasberi fure-zaki (Tibet ko Sinanci), bayanin kaddarorin:
Rasberi na Tibet kyakkyawan tsire-tsire ne mai ban sha'awa wanda ya haɗu da halayen al'adu biyu. Ba ya buƙatar kulawa da yawa, amma har yanzu yana samar da girbi mai kyau.
Yawancin lambu da yawa suna ɗaukar kansu a matsayin masoyan wannan shrub ɗin saboda ɗanɗano mai ban sha'awa da kyan gani.