Kunna mai ɗanɗano Volovye kunne ɗayan shahararru ne kuma mashahuran iri waɗanda lambun Rasha ke girma akan filayen ƙasarsu. An tsara shi don filayen greenhouses da buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, yana ba da amfani mai kyau a cikin yanayi mai kyau na ƙasarmu. Ba abin mamaki bane cewa manoma suna shuka wannan nau'ikan don siyarwa, kuma masu kula da lambu suna ba shi mafi kyaun wurare akan shafin. A yau za mu yi magana game da kwatancin, halaye na fasaha na barkono mai dadi Volovye kunne, fasalin nomansa da adana shi, da fa'idodi da rashin amfani.
Halaye na kunnen barkono iri-iri
Kunnen Volovye na barkono yana da nau'ikan tsakiyar zamani, kusan lokacin girmarsa shine kwanaki 112-130 daga bayyanar farkon harbe-harbe, ko kimanin kwanaki 70 daga lokacin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Busharfin daji mai ƙarfi na iya girma zuwa santimita 75-80, yana yin kambi mai yaɗuwa da yalwar ganye. Tare da kulawa mai kyau daga daji ɗaya, zaka iya samun amfanin gona har zuwa kilogram 2.5-3. Ana iya girbe amfanin gona har zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau.
'Ya'yan itacen suna da duhu duhu a lokacin balaga da zurfin ja lokacin da suka cikakke. Barkono mai tsayi tare da mai tsini mai tsayi zai iya kai tsawon 15 cm da nauyin 170-200 gram. Kaurin bangon yana kan milimita 6-8, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da yawa kuma yana da ruwa. Tasteaunar 'ya'yan itacen yana da daɗi, mai arziki, amma ba tare da ɗacin rai da ke tattare da barkono iri da yawa ba. An dace sosai don cin ɗanyen (shirya salads da kayan lambu mai laushi) da gwangwani (kayan sawa iri iri, lecho, shirye-shiryen kayan lambu).
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Daga cikin fa'idodin wannan barkono mai zaki sune:
- kyakkyawan dandano;
- kyakkyawar zirga-zirga;
- yiwuwar ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo;
- juriya ga yawancin cututtukan barkono;
- babban aiki;
- farkon nunawa;
- yiwuwar cin danye da sarrafawa na abincin gwangwani.
Rashin dacewar sun hada da:
- ƙananan juriya ga sanyi da sanyi (a cikin bazara, tsire-tsire matasa suna mutuwa lokacin daskarewa a cikin iska da ƙasa);
- buƙatar hasken rana (dole ne a shuka shuka a wurare masu haske ko ɓangarorin inuwa);
- rashin haƙuri da zafi (a yanayin zafi sama da digiri 30-32 a cikin greenhouse, furanni da ƙwararrun ƙwai sun fara faɗuwa);
- buƙatar shayarwa idan babu ruwan sama (kafin flowering ta yayyafa, bayan - a tushen).
Fasali masu girma
Kamar yawancin barkono, kunnen Ox yana girma ta amfani da tsire-tsire. Babban fasalin wannan nau'ikan shine cewa tsiro basu yarda da yawan dasawa akai-akai ba, sabili da haka ruwa.
Lokacin girma shuke-shuke a cikin wani greenhouse, suna buƙatar samar da ambaliyar iska mai ɗorewa da kuma kare su daga zafin rana (ƙaruwar zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin sama da digiri 27-28).
Kuma bayan dasa shuki a cikin lambun, dole ne a shayar da ciyawar a kai a kai, sassauta ƙasa a kusa da su, lalata ciyawa da amfani da takin zamani lokaci-lokaci (zai fi dacewa na ɗabi'a).
Zabi da dasa iri
Kafin dasa tsaba a cikin kwalaye masu kwaya, suna buƙatar daidaitawa da shirya su. Kuna iya fara duk aikin kan tsire-tsire akan 10-20th na Maris. Sizing wani muhimmin mataki ne na noman shuki, saboda yana ba ku damar haɓaka ƙwazo sosai (don barkono kawai 50% ne). Shirya iri ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Tsaran iri... Ana nitsar da kayan dasa ruwa a cikin zafin jiki na mintina da yawa. Don dasa shuki, wadancan tsaba ne kawai ake amfani da su wadanda suke nutsewa a kasan akwatin da ruwa. Sauran ba su dace da dashen shuki ba - ko dai sun bushe ko kuma ba su ci gaba ba.
- Jiƙa. Don kwanaki 3-4, dole ne a jika tsaba cikin ruwan dumi (digiri 26-28). Zaki iya saka tsumma a cikin yadudduka guda 2-4 akan leda mai laushi, zuba ruwa mai dan dumi kadan domin farin ciki ya jike sosai. Sanya tsaba a saman ka bar shi na wasu kwanaki (yana da muhimmanci a sanya ruwan dumi akan lokaci domin gauze din iri bai bushe ba). Maimakon ruwa, zaka iya amfani da rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate.
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa. Don shuka, za ku iya amfani da cakuda ƙasa da aka siya, amma zai fi kyau a karɓi ƙasar daga yankin da za a nome barkono. Kuna buƙatar ƙara yashi a ƙasa a cikin rabo na 5: 1 da 2-3 dinka na itacen itace. Dole ne asa ƙasa sosai a bar ta kuma a bar ta na wasu kwanaki a wuri mai dumi don ɗumi.
- Dasa tsaba. Zai fi kyau dasa irin nan da nan, la'akari da cewa ba lallai ne a nitsar da su daga baya ba. Bayan dasa shukar, ana iya rufe kwalaye a saman tare da tsare kuma a sanya su a wani wuri mai ɗan dumi (zafin jiki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 20-18 ba).
- Yin tunani. Idan seedlings sun sprouted sosai densely, ya kamata a thinned fita, cire rauni harbe. Bayan bayyanar ganye 4-6, yana da kyau a sanya ƙasa a cikin kwalin don tsiron ya yi ƙarfi. Har ila yau ya zama dole don samar da isasshen tsire tare da wadataccen haske, in ba haka ba za su yi sirara da tsayi (ko kuma kawai su mutu suna shimfidawa zuwa ga haske).
Fasali na kula da daji a cikin greenhouse da filin buɗe ido
An dasa shuki a farkon - tsakiyar watan Mayu ne kawai bayan sanyi ya tsaya. A wannan yanayin, zafin jikin iska da daddare bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da digiri 18 ba, in ba haka ba ƙananan ganye na iya daskarewa. Idan kasar ba ta da dumi sosai, kananan bishiyoyin barkono na iya yin rashin lafiya, wanda ke nufin cewa girbin ba zai yi yawa ba.
Ganin cewa daji yana yaduwa tare da rassa da ganyaye da yawa, yakamata a dasa tsire-tsire tare da tazarar layi 60 cm da nisan 50 cm daga juna.
Ya kamata a yi ruwa a kai a kai, musamman idan rani ya bushe:
- kafin fure da samuwar kwayayen farko - ta hanyar ruwan sama (yayyafa ruwa a kan bishiyoyi da lamurai);
- yayin furanni da har zuwa ƙarshen 'ya'yan itace - a tushen.
Don ban ruwa, zaku iya ɗaukar ruwa tare da zafin zafin aƙalla digiri 25-27.
Ana iya ciyar da barkono da superphosphate da kwayoyin halitta - slurry ko tsuntsun tsuntsaye. A lokacin fure, yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin mai rikitarwa domin samun girbi mai kyau.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bambance-bambancen sun yi daidai da yawancin cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya shafar 'ya'yan itacen biyu. Hakanan gangar jikin tsiro ko tushenta.
An bambanta nau'ikan ta hanyar kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka irin su verticillosis da phytoplasmosis.
Koyaya, tsire-tsire ba zasu iya tsayayya da kwari yadda yakamata kamar
- aphid - ana iya halakar dashi kawai ta hanyar amfani da magungunan kwari;
- mitejin gizo-gizo ya ɓace bayan yayyafa tare da maganin sabulun wanki tare da ƙarin tafarnuwa da ruwan albasa;
- tsirara tsirara ba sa son ƙurar taba da mustard;
- Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro - ana iya fesa shi da sinadarin celandine.
Yawancin manoma masu sha'awar nishaɗi da masu lambu suna shuka barkono mai jan kunnen saniya a kowace shekara. A cikin nazarin su, sun lura ba kawai kyakkyawan dandano da ƙwarewar nau'ikan ba. Manyan amfanin gona, juriya na cuta, gajeren lokacin da ya nuna, ingantaccen kiyayewa da kuma jigilar kayayyaki - waɗannan sune manyan halayen da masu sauƙin zama masu rani da gonaki masu daraja ke yabawa.