Plumkamar kowane fruita fruitan itace, yana buƙatar samuwar kambi... Littattafai abu ne mai ma'anar zane-zane. Ana buƙatar mai lambun ya haɓaka tunanin sarari, da kuma ilimin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi.
Kafin kusantar bishiya tare da abun yanka, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ma'anar da kuma dalilin ayyukanku kuma ku san dabarun yankan.
Iri da hanyoyin kafa kambi daidai
Plum, musamman ma matashi, tsire ne mai saurin girma... A wani lokacin bazara-bazara, tana iya korar irin wadannan harbe-harben har ya “sakar” sama da yadda za'a iya gane su.
Wannan ba kyau bane kawai daga yanayin kyan gani. A kan rawanin da ba shi da kyau, fruitsa fruitsan itacen sun zama ƙarami, sun daɗe sosai, kuma sau da yawa moniliosis da asu suna shafa su. Juriya mai sanyi na shuka yana raguwa.
Shi ya sa dole ne a kula da tsiron pam daga dasa shuki.
Akwai bishiyun 'ya'yan itace guda biyar, ya danganta da dalilin:
- Tsarin halitta... Manufar ita ce ta tsara kambin shuke-shuke.
- Dokar... Manufar shine a kula da yanayi mai gamsarwa.
- Anti-tsufa... Manufar shine a mayar da thea fruan tsohuwar bishiya.
- Maidowa... Manufar ita ce kawar da busassun rassan da suka karye.
- Wankan janaba... Manufar ita ce kawar da harbe-harbe marasa lafiya da kwari.
Ba tare da la'akari da ma'anar ba, yawanci ana amfani da fasahohi uku yayin datsa plums:
- Yanke zobe... Ta wannan hanyar, an cire reshen da ba shi da amfani kwata-kwata. A lokaci guda, an yanke shi ba tare da akwati tare da akwati ba, amma tare da kan iyakar annular thickening a wurin haɗin abin harbi.
- Koda yanke... Ana amfani da shi lokacin da kuke buƙatar rage harbi da saita shugabanci na ci gaba. An zaɓi kyakkyawan koda mai rai a cikin matsayin da ake so, kuma an cire ɓangaren da ya wuce gona da iri. Yana da mahimmanci ayi wannan kwatankwacin a kusurwar 45⁰ ta yadda gefen babba na yankan yayi daidai da kodin na koda.
- Canja wuri zuwa tserewar gefe... Wannan wata dabara ce don canza alkiblar ci gaba da ƙin yarda da rassa marasa amfani. Saboda wannan, ana zaɓar mafi alƙawarin daga gefen harbe kuma an yi yanke 2-3 mm sama da wurin da aka haɗe shi ("zobba").
Don samun nasara kuna buƙatar madaidaicin kayan aikin. Jerin dole-ya hada da mai yanka, mai lopper, manyan kayan lambu guda biyu (babba da karami), wuka mai kyau a lambu, takaddama da kuma filin lambu.
Nasiha ga masu farawa da masu koran lambu: gwanayen gine-gine basu dace ba! Raunuka bayan sun warke sosai.
Kirkirar kambi:
Wani lokaci zaku iya yanke plums a cikin bazara da kaka, sharuɗɗa
Bayan anyi ma'amala da ginshiƙan ka'idojin kambi, zaka iya nemo lokacin da ya dace don datsa plums.
Mafi sau da yawa, ana aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin a lokacin bazara da kaka... Takamaiman nau'in aiki da wasu nuances zasu dogara da shekaru da yanayin itacen.
Bazara | |
Lokaci mafi dacewa don aiki tare da bishiyoyi shine farkon bazara. A wannan lokacin, tsire-tsire sun fi sauƙi don jurewa "tsoma bakin tiyata", kuma su sami ƙwarin gwiwa don sa ƙwayoyin fure. Ainihin lokacin datti na lokacin bazara ya bambanta da yanki. Kuna buƙatar kewaya ta yanayin da ci gaban koda. Mafi kyawun lokacin shine lokacin da sanyi ya riga ya ja baya, amma ƙwayoyin basu riga sun fara kumbura ba. | |
Nau'in ayyuka | |
Yarinya plum | Tsohon plum |
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Idan plums na shekaru daban-daban suka girma akan shafin, zai fi kyau a fara aikin bazara tare da tsofaffi. Tsohuwar itacen, daɗewar furannin fure suna farkawa.
Faduwa | |
Fall pruning na plums ana aikatawa a watan Satumba ko farkon Oktoba, ya dogara da yankin. Ana tantance takamaiman lokacin ta bishiyar kansa: da zaran plum ya fidda ganyensa, zaku iya aiki dashi. | |
Nau'in ayyuka | |
Yarinya plum | Tsohon plum |
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Ba za ku iya yin tsabtace jiki da sauran nau'in kaciya da kayan aiki ɗaya ba. Bayan cire rassan cuta, ya zama dole kurkura tare da maganin fungicide ko giya... Sannan a goge sosai da kyalle mai tsabta.
Don yanke ko a'a yanke rassan a cikin kaka?
Babu wata yarjejeniya tsakanin masu lambu game da nasiha game da magudin kaka hacksaw. A dandalin tattaunawar zaku iya samun, misali, irin wannan sake dubawa:
“Kafin lokacin sanyi, kakana ya datse duk bishiyun da ke gonar in banda abin da ake so. Kamar yadda na fahimta, prun prun a kaka yana kara yiwuwar daskarewa. "
"Idan akwai tsananin sanyi a lokacin sanyi, shukar da aka sare zai iya samun sanyi da kuma necrosis na yankin."
Gaske, a lokacin faduwa, kuna buƙatar tsoma baki sosai a rayuwar bishiyar... Yankewar kaka da yanka baya warkewa da kyau. Wannan shi ne saboda ilimin lissafi na shuka.
Warkar da raunuka a cikin itaciyar saboda ci gaban cambium ne. Kwayoyin Cambial suna rabe rabuwa, suna haifar da ambaliyar a kusa da ciwon - callus. Girman cambium yana faruwa a lokacin bazara da rani, kuma a hankali yana tsayawa a kaka.
Idan bakasan lokaci da kuma ba yanke pam a ƙarshen, haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yana ƙaruwa sosai da desiccation na rauni surface. Ganye a cikin hunturu ya raunana kuma baya jure yanayin sanyi da kyau.
Sabili da haka, idan za a iya jinkirta wasu hanyoyin har zuwa bazara, zai fi kyau ku bar pam ɗin ku shi kaɗai. Yin amfani da tilas ne kawai tsabtace jikin bishiyar cuta da kawar da rassan reshe.
Yadda ake yankan bishiyar a wasu lokutan: bazara da damuna
Zai fi kyau kada a taɓa wasu albarkatun cropsa fruitan itace a lokacin bazara tare da yankan shears. Plum, akasin haka, yana da dacewa ga kwalliyar rani.... Zai fi kyau a shirya "aski" a watan Yuni.
Kuna iya yin waɗannan masu zuwa a wannan lokacin:
- cire daskararrun harbe ba a sani ba a cikin bazara;
- cire ƙwayoyin mai (wanda ake kira "fi"), wanda pam ɗin yake son korar sa.
Wannan ya cimma buri biyu: dakatar da yaduwar cuta a gonar da kuma rage bukatar yawaitar tsaftar tsafta a cikin kaka.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, aikin lambu ya ƙara haɗawa hunturu pruning plum... Ya fi daidai, ba shakka, a kira shi hunturu-bazara, saboda ana aiwatar da wannan aikin kusa da ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon farkon Maris.
Yanke lokacin hunturu ya zama gama gari saboda rashin daidaiton yanayi, wanda itacen plum zai iya amsawa tare da farkawa da wuri.
A cikin hunturu, suna aiwatar da dukkan nau'ikan ayyukan bazara na lokacin bazara.... Wannan lokacin yana da nasa kari: yayin da cambium bai fara girma ba, haushi yana manne sosai da itacen, kuma babu buƙatar jin tsoron lanƙwasawa da yaga shi.
Lokacin hunturu na pruning na plums ana aiwatar dashi ne kawai a yankuna tare da sanyin hunturu. Ba za a iya cutar da itacen ba idan har akwai barazanar dawowar sanyi a daddafe.
Gwanin bazara na plums da cherry plums:
Dabaru da makircin yanke abubuwa
Don yin ajiyar plum daidai, kuna buƙatar tunanin yadda itacen plum yake da kyau... Idan ire-iren ba columnar bane, to zai zama itace mai tsabta, tare da mai gudanar da tsakiya guda ɗaya da rassa kwarangwal 4-5 da aka shirya a tiers.
Diamita na tiers ya ragu - na kasa sun fi na sama girma. Rassan kwarangwal ba sa karkacewa daga gangar jikin a wani babban kusurwa. Ba a yin kambin rawanin, harbe-harben suna girma a waje, ba a ciki ba.
Tunda ka gina tunanin "aikin" itacen nan gaba, zaka iya fara kirkirar sa.
Bugun tsire-tsire bayan ɗaga matasa
Ruwan plum "jarirai" na shekara guda ba sa yin reshe tukuna, saboda haka, zai fi kyau ka fara kiwon bishiyarka daga wannan zamanin. Kuna buƙatar ƙayyade ci gaban fure na gaba kuma yanke tushe a tsayin da ake so.
Don samun karamin itace, zai isa ya bar mita 1-1.2 sama da ƙasa.
Yaran shekaru biyu suna da harbe-harbe na gefe... Kuna buƙatar bincika seedling, bincika idan an katse mai gudanar da cibiyar. In bahaka ba, an taqaitashi zuwa tsayi mafi kyawu.
Bayan haka, daga sauran haɓakar gefe, an zaɓi waɗanda suka ci gaba sosai. An gajarta su da 25-30 cm daga gangar jikin. Waɗannan rassa ne na kwarangwal, gimbi na gaba na kambi... Yankakken ana yin shi a kan ƙananan toho saboda kada reshe ya ci gaba zuwa sama, amma a kaikaice.
Tsarin haihuwa daga shekaru 3
A kan bishiyar shekaru uku, kwarangwal an riga an yi reshe da kyau. Kuna buƙatar aiki tare da su kamar haka:
- Yanke haɓakar haɓaka zuwa tsayin 30 cm.
- Kaikaice - har zuwa tsawon 15 cm.
An sake yin dukkan sassan akan ƙananan koda.... Manufar ita ce saita alkiblar ci gaban harbi a waje. A wannan yanayin, rawanin zai zama haske, ba mai kauri ba, kowane reshe zai sami isasshen adadin hasken rana.
Wannan nau'i yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi dacewa. Kula da bishiyar da aka kafa ta wannan hanyar ba ta da wuya. A nan gaba, yana buƙatar gyaran kwalliya kawai. Dole ne a gudanar da irin wannan aikin duk shekara don kada bishiyar tayi girma.
Wani lokaci ƙaramin matashi zai iya sakin harbi mai fafatawa don mai gudanar da cibiyar. Ya kamata a yanke shi. Hakanan ya zama dole a cire duk harbe-harben da ke girma a cikin rawanin, kuma a tsaye "fi".
Idan koyaushe kuna kula da tsaran da aka kafa, dole ne kuyi amfani da fayil ɗin kawai a cikin al'amuran gaggawa. Ainihin, zaku iya samu ta hanyar sauƙaƙan binsu tare da masu yanke abubuwa.
Duk wani yanka rauni ne a buɗe a jikin bishiya... Yana buƙatar rufe shi da kayan lambu. Zai kare shuka daga bushewa, kamuwa da cuta da kuma cire danko.
Pruning matasa plums:
Don sake sabunta tsohuwar bishiya
Yawancin plums suna ɗaukar shekaru 15-20 don girbi.... Kuna iya tsawanta 'ya'yan itace, zaku iya sabunta pikin, idan kunyi sabon itacen itacen a lokaci.
Ana yin wannan daga sama zuwa ƙasa bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:
- Tsayin rawanin ya ragu... Saboda wannan, an yanke rassan ƙwanƙolin sama zuwa tsayin da ake so kuma a canja shi zuwa kyawawan harbe na gefe waɗanda ke girma a waje. A cikin lamarin da aka manta dashi musamman, zaku iya yanke reshen kwarangwal mafi girma "a cikin zobe" don taimakawa cibiyar da kuma sauƙaƙa kambin.
- Cire sanduna masu kauri... Duk waɗannan suna fuskantar tsakiyar rawanin, ko saƙa da juna. A lokaci guda, an cire busassun, raunana da ɓarnatattun rassa.
- Cire harbe-harbe ratayeyana zuwa daga gangar jikin ko rassan ƙaramin matakin.
- Rage gaɓukan ƙashi, Canja wurin ci gaba zuwa kyawawan harbe a bayyane wanda aka juya zuwa waje.
- Cire "saman" ba dole ba.
Plum yana da matukar wahalar warkar da raunuka tare da diamita sama da 5 cm... Sabili da haka, bai kamata ku yi manyan yankewa da yawa a lokaci ɗaya ba. Zai fi kyau a karya tsarin hana tsufa zuwa "zama" da yawa a tsakanin tazarar shekara guda.
Yankan bishiyoyi da kuma siffatawa suna da ban tsoro a kallon farko. A zahiri, duk wani mai lambu na iya ƙwarewar fasahar kambin.
A matsayin kyauta, ba zai karɓi girbi mai kyau da kyakkyawan lambu ba, har ma da ƙarin sarari akan shafin. Kyakkyawan plum yana ɗaukan wuri kaɗanfiye da girma ba tare da kulawa ba, kuma yana kawo daɗin jin daɗi.