Illinoisasar Illinois ta Amurka, tare da zafi mai ɗumi, lokacin bazara, mummunar guguwa da ruwan sama mai sanyi, gida ne ga nau'ikan lambun blackberry na zamani.
A can ne, a Jami'ar Carbondale, ta hanyar haɗakar Darrow iri-iri tare da Thornfrey da lambar kiwo US1482, cewa aka sami fitaccen taurarin lambunan Rasha, Black Satin. Da farko an raba ta don Illinois da Kalifoniya, da sauri ta karɓi yankunan dasa ko'ina cikin Turai kuma ta sami karɓuwa a Rasha.
Bayanin iri-iri
Bari mu fara da bayanin ire-iren berries. Black Satin a cikin sifa tana da matsakaiciyar matsayi tsakanin kumaniks da dews. Wannan nau'in rarrafe ne mai rarrafe, manyan halayen waɗanda aka tattara a cikin tebur:
Al'ada | Rubarfin shrub mai ƙarfi, ba mai saurin kauri ba. Ba ya haifar da tushen zuriya. |
Tserewa | Harbewa suna girma da sauri, tare da zagaye na giciye, mara ƙayayuwa, mai tsayi sosai - har zuwa mita 5. A farkon girma - kafa. Lokacin da suka girma fiye da alamar mita 1.5, zasu fara rarrafe. Vananan inabi suna da kore kuma suna yin launin ruwan kasa yayin da suka girma. Shekaru na biyu launin ruwan kasa ne, masu tsananin tauri da kauri - har zuwa 3 cm a diamita. Ganyen hadadden tsari ne, mai kwalliya, daga faranti na ganye 3-5. |
Bloom | Furannin suna da ruwan hoda lokacin da suke fure, washegari sai su shuɗe zuwa ruwan hoda ko fari. |
'Ya'yan itace | Musamman wadatacce. 'Ya'yan itace suna da girma, har zuwa gram 8, baƙar fata, tare da walƙiyar satin, wanda shine dalilin da yasa sunan iri-iri ya bayyana. Dandanon yana da kyau kwarai, mai dadi ne kuma mai tsami, tare da kamshi mai karfi na blackberry. An tsawaita balaga, daga watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba. Wasu fruitsa fruitsan itace suna kama dusar ƙanƙara ta farko. Yana farawa bada fruita fruita a shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa shuki. |
Dorewa | Matsakaicin yanayin sanyi, har zuwa -22⁰C. Ofaƙan harbe na iya daskarewa kaɗan. Ana buƙatar tsari don hunturu. Mai yiwuwa launin toka ya shafa. |
yawa | Mai girma - har zuwa kilogiram 25 na berries a kowace daji kowace kakar. |
Dalilin 'ya'yan itatuwa | Duniya. |
Jigilar kaya da kiyaye inganci | Dukansu suna low. 'Ya'yan itacen cikakke suna da laushi, da sauri rasa gabatarwarsu kuma suna lalacewa. |
Saboda haka, Black Satin blackberries suna da fa'idodi da yawa:
- manyan 'ya'yan itace masu kyau na dandano da amfani na duniya;
- babban aiki;
- harbe-harbe marasa tushe;
- sarrafawa mai yawa na daji.
Rashin dacewar sun hada da:
- rashin kiyayewa da zirga-zirgar 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- rashin juriya ta sanyi;
- rashin zaman lafiya zuwa launin toka.
Koyaya, ana iya gyara waɗannan rashin dace cikin sauƙi. Misali, lalacewar toka tana shafar 'ya'yan itacen da ba su da yawa ba, kuma ya isa a cire su daga daji a lokaci don guje wa wannan. Fruaukar frua fruan yana ba ka damar kusanci shukar kowane kwana uku ka ɗauki amountan fruita fruitan itace, kai tsaye ka ci shi ko saka shi cikin aiki.
Dangane da jigilar kaya, bisa ga wasu abubuwan lura, wannan alamar tana ƙaruwa sosai tare da shekarun shuka. Berry daga tsohuwar daji mai tsari mai ƙarfi, ba ya shaƙewa cikin sauƙi kuma, tare da tarin ɓarna, na iya tsira cikin ɗan gajeren tafiya.
Burin Satin don yawan amfanin ƙasa a hankali yana da ƙari da ragi. A cikin yankuna da farkon farkon hunturu, nau'ikan bazai sami lokacin nuna duk abin da yake iyawa ba.
Shuka shuka da barin ta
Zai fi kyau a zaɓi wuri don dasa baƙar fata Black Satin, wanda yake da rana, ana kiyaye shi daga zayyana, tare da ƙasa mai ni'ima mai sauƙi. Wannan iri-iri baya jurewa ruwa mai tsafta, saboda haka dole ne ayi magudanan ruwa a kasa mai ruwa.
Zai fi kyau sanya tsirrai a wuri na dindindin a cikin bazara. Koyaya, idan an sayi kayan shuka a lokacin bazara, babu matsala: yayin dasa shuki a cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar kula da mafaka da kulawa.
An shirya ramin dasawa ta yadda zai yiwu a cika shi zuwa rabi tare da takin zamani mai kyau. Tuni lokacin saukowa, kuna buƙatar la'akari da buƙatar garter na lashes na blackberry kuma kuyi tallafi.
Vigarfin ƙarfin Satin Black shine takobi mai kaifi biyu. A gefe guda, wannan yana ba da damar girbi mai kyau. A gefe guda kuma, yana haifar da matsaloli don killace tsiro mai girma don hunturu. Harbe-harben wannan blackberry sun tanƙwara ƙwarai da gaske. Akwai hanyoyi biyu.
"Ilimi" na daidai matsayi na itacen inabi
Kar a bari shukar ta tunkude a tsaye. Tuni lokacin da suka kai tsawon 35-40 cm, ya zama dole a lanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa zuwa ƙasa don haka gyara shi. Lokacin da itacen inabi ya kai tsawon mita 1.2, za ku iya 'yantar da shi ku sanya shi a sarari a kan trellis. Don lokacin hunturu, ana iya cire harbin da ya lanƙwasa kuma a sanya shi ƙarƙashin mafaka.
Yankan Amurka
A gida, Black Satin blackberry an ƙirƙira shi a cikin hanyar ƙaramin daji bisa ga makirci mai zuwa:
- a tsakiyar lokacin rani, ana daskarar da ƙwanƙolin ci gaban shekara-shekara a tsayin 110 cm, yana ƙarfafa ci gaban harbe a kaikaice;
- a farkon bazara, kafin kumbura su farka, harbe na gefe an daidaita su: waɗanda aka ɗaga ƙasa da alamar santimita 45 an cire su daga ƙasa, sauran an taƙaita su zuwa tsawon 40 cm;
- a lokacin faduwa, an yanke rassan da ke ba da fruita fruita.
Wajibi ne don cire "'ya'yan itace" da aka kashe a kowane hali. Itacen inabi na blackberry, kamar su rasberi, yana da zagayowar ci gaba na shekaru biyu, kuma bayan shekara ta biyu sai kawai ta bushe daji kuma ta ba da gudummawar yaduwar launin toka.
Shayar Black Satin blackberries ya zama dole a kai a kai, musamman lokacin zubda fruitsa fruitsan itace. Zata amsa ga fari ta hanyar yanke 'ya'yan itace. Hakanan ya kamata a kauce wa ɗiban ruwa na ƙasa.
Don samun kyakkyawan amfanin shekara-shekara, ana buƙatar ciyar da baƙar fata daga shekara ta uku ta rayuwa bisa ga makircin:
- Bazara - nitrogen (kilogiram 5 na humus da g 10 na urea a kowace mita 12);
- fada - potassium da phosphorus (100 g na superphosphate da 25 g na takin mai magani).
Bai kamata a dasa baƙi kusa da raspberries ba. Kamar yadda dangi na kusa, raspberries da baƙar fata ke fama da cututtuka iri ɗaya, kuma irin wannan makwabta na iya haifar da "annoba".
Cututtuka da kwari
M, wannan iri-iri ne resistant ga manyan blackberry cututtuka. Banda shine launin toka, wanda aka riga aka ambata. Amfani da sanadin sa, botrytis launin toka, ƙira ce da ake amfani da ita wajen yin giya.
Zai iya buga tsire-tsire riga a cikin lokacin fure. Idan yanayi yayi sanyi, ruwan sama, gaba ɗaya inflorescences na iya wahala. A matakan baya na lokacin girma, Botrytis yana zaune akan ƙwai da fruitsa fruitsan itace. Berry mara lafiya tare da ruɓaɓɓen launin toka yana kama da na ruɓaɓɓe, wanda aka rufe shi da launin toka. Saboda haka, ya fi kyau a ɗauki matakan rigakafi a gaba fiye da rasa amfanin gona.
- Branchesananan rassan bai kamata su kwanta a ƙasa ba. Botrytis spores ana adana shi a cikin ƙasa mai laima.
- Dole ne a hana daji yin kauri. Duk sassan ciyayi na shuka dole ne su zama masu iska.
- Daidaita cire cikakkun 'ya'yan itacen berry kuma cire rubabbun su. Nemo harbin cuta, yanke shi ku ƙone shi.
- A cikin bazara, kafin furanni, fesa daji da ruwan Bordeaux (bayani 3%).
Daga cikin kwari don baƙar fata, Black Satin, haɗarin shine ƙwayar blackberry. Wannan karamar kwaron tana da ikon rage amfanin gonar. Ba kamar sauran kwari da yawa ba, mite ba ta yin bacci a cikin ƙasa ko a ƙarƙashin bawo. Yana daidaita kai tsaye a cikin ƙwayoyin blackberry, kuma a cikin bazara yayi ƙaura zuwa inflorescences da berries. 'Ya'yan itacen da wannan kwaro ya shafa ba su yi laushi ba, suna da sauran ja.
Kuna iya yaƙar wannan annoba tare da magani "Tiovit Jet", wanda yawanci ana amfani dashi don magance inabi. Ya kamata a yi fesawa kafin hutu.
Abubuwa 3 game da blackberry Black Satin
- Mai bincike Fumiomi Takeda daga tashar bincike ta Appalachian yana ta gwaji tare da wannan nau'ikan. BlackBerry ya kasu kashi biyu, ya kirkiresu da lambobi daban-daban: 3, 6, 9 da 12. Manufar gwajin shine a tabbatar ko yawan harbe-harbe yana shafar amfanin shukar. Sakamakon ya zama mai ban sha'awa: dangane da nauyin duka, Black Satin ya ba da cikakken sakamako iri ɗaya a cikin dukkanin ƙungiyoyi. Bambanci ya kasance a cikin girman berries.
- Yin aiki tare da ƙwararrun gonar blackberry Black Satin, iri ɗaya Fumiomi Takeda ce ta ƙirƙira swlll trellis. Wannan na'urar tana baka damar rufe shuka don hunturu ba tare da cire lashes daga garter ba. Ya isa kawai don canza shi daga yanayin "bazara" zuwa na "hunturu".
- An yi imani da cewa Black Satin yana da wahalar haihuwa saboda baya samar da tushen tsotsa. Koyaya, aikin ƙwararrun lambu na nuna cewa wannan nau'ikan yana da sauƙi ta tushe ta saman harbe-harbe. An zaɓi kyakkyawan harbi na gefe na gefe mai kyau, an matse shi zuwa ƙasa, an gyara shi da sashi, an binne shi. Ana yin aikin a tsakiyar bazara. A lokacin bazara, zaku iya raba tsirrai daga mahaifiya kuma sanya shi a wuri na dindindin.
Tsarin Trellis na Black Satin blackberries yana da fa'ida ta musamman: yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar kyawawan baka a kan shafin, wanda aka toka shi da vines na blackberry. Bada ikon iri-iri don adana ganye na dogon lokaci, irin wannan ƙirar ba zai rasa tasirin adon nata ba har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.