Sakamakon aikin kiwo da aka gudanar a shekarar 2008, an samu ingantaccen nau'ikan tumatir Nastenka. Yawancin lambu sun zaɓi wannan nau'ikan matasan don ƙimar yawan amfanin ƙasa. da kuma damar girma cikin kowane irin yanayin yanayi. Bayani da halaye na nau'ikan matasan Nastenka an gabatar dasu a ƙasa.
Bayani da halaye na tumatir iri-iri Nastenka
Tumatir Nastenka na daga cikin nau'ikan farkon lokacin girki. Daga shuken shuki zuwa 'ya'yan itace, kwanaki 95-105 suka wuce.
Tsirrai mai tsayi har zuwa 70 cm manyan siffofin ƙaramin shrub shrub wanda baya buƙatar ƙarin tallafi. Leavesananan ganye tare da gefuna masu launi, koren launi. Yawan ganyayyaki masu ɗimbin yawa suna rufe mai tushe. Rashin yanayin wannan nau'ikan abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma ana iya yin magana game da jijiyar. Ana sanya inflorescences na farko bayan ganyen 10-12, masu zuwa - bayan zanen gado 2-3 daga na baya. Babban harbi ya daina girma bayan daji ya samar da inflorescences 12. Tsirrai na da kwayaye da yawa, don haka yayin da ya yi girma, kuna buƙatar tsinke fruitsa rian therea fruitsan bishiyun koyaushe, don haka barin mai zuwa suyi girma sosai.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar kaɗan, a lokacin balaga suna da launi mai laushi mai laushi. Tumatir na matsakaici a matakin girma na fasaha suna da nauyin 150-200 g. An bambanta su da naman su, juiciness da dandano mai kyau.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Duk da cewa Nastya iri-iri ana daukarta sabuwa, ya riga ya sami nasarar lashe soyayyar lambu da yawa, masu farawa da ƙwarewa, saboda kyawawan halayensa:
- babba Manuniya amfanin ƙasa, tare da kulawa mai kyau da yanayi mai kyau, zai iya ba da har zuwa kilogiram 10-12 a kan 1m2;
- yiwuwar girma kamar yadda a cikin yanayin greenhouse da filayen buɗe ƙasa;
- ikon saita 'ya'yan itace a kowane yanki na yanayi, cikakke don namo a cikin yankuna na Siberia, kamar yadda yake jure wa kowane lamuran yanayi;
- farkon balaga da daidaiton 'ya'yan itace a duk lokacin girma;
- juriya ga manyan cututtuka tumatir, musamman zuwa ƙarshen bushewa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa sauƙin aikin mazaunin bazara;
- isa dogon lokacin ajiya, tunda ‘ya’yan itacen ba sa bushewa kuma ba sa fasawa;
- dace don amfani sabo ne, fanko don hunturu da shirye-shiryen abinci iri daban-daban, wanda ke ba da ɗanɗano piquant da ƙamshin ƙamshi.
Rashin dacewar nau'ikan sun hada da:
- bukatar manyan yawa takin ma'adinai;
- ilimin wasu dokoki da dabaru lokacin shuka shukoki.
Fasali na girma da dasa
Lokacin zabar wannan nau'ikan tumatir din, ya kamata ku san kanku ba kawai da ƙarfi da rauni ba, har ma da dokokin fasahar noma da kula da shi.
Bukatun ƙasa don dasa shuki
Shirya ƙasa don shuki ana ɗauka muhimmiyar mahimmanci yayin girma tumatir. Tunda yana yiwuwa a sami tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da ci gaba mai ƙarfi idan kawai akwai ƙasa mai gina jiki, ya fi kyau saya shi a cikin shagon, zaɓi zaɓin share fage na duniya ko na musamman, da nufin noman tumatir. Hakanan zaka iya yin tukunyar kanka. Don yin wannan, ya zama dole a haɗa ƙasa ta lambu da yashi, takin da peat kuma ƙara hadadden takin mai magani wanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin potash da phosphorus.
Kafin dasa shuki na shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, kuna buƙatar kulawa da zaɓar wuri da ƙasa, wanda girbin kayan lambu na gaba zai dogara da shi.
Ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga yankunan rana waɗanda ke da kariya daga iska mai sanyi.
Ba za ku iya yin shuki a cikin ƙananan yankuna masu laima ba, inda ruwan ƙasa ke kusa. Wajibi ne a zaɓi ƙasa mai yashi-yumbu, wanda ke riƙe danshi da kyau ko ƙasa mai ƙarancin sanye take da kwayoyin halitta.
Shuka dokoki
A mafi kyau duka lokaci domin girma seedlings - ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris.
Tsaba da aka saya a cikin shaguna na musamman ba sa buƙatar nutsuwa da sarrafa ta don hana rigakafin cututtuka, tun da ana bin waɗannan hanyoyin ta hanyar masana'antu.
Ya kamata a shuka ƙwayoyin tumatir a cikin kwantena na musamman ko kwalaye. Abinda ake buƙata don kwantena shine kasancewar magudanan ruwa don magudanar danshi mai yawa daga tushen shukar.
Jagora mataki-mataki don dasa shuki
- Zuwa kasan kwantena saka magudanar ruwa a cikin layin 1-2 cm, sa'annan ku zuba ƙasa da aka shirya da ruwa da kyau, ta amfani da ruwan dumi.
- Lokacin da danshi yake shiga shuka kayan shuka zuwa zurfin 1-2 cmkiyaye tazara tsakanin tsaba 2 cm.
- Yayyafa da bakin ciki Layer ƙasa mai ƙanshi mai danshi kuma a jiƙa da kwalba mai fesawa.
- Bayan an gama dasa shuki saka akwati a cikin daki mai haske tare da zazzabi na 22-25̊C, bayan an rufe su da kayan fim.
- Lokacin da harbe-harben abokantaka suka bayyana bukatar cire fim din, rage zafin jiki zuwa 17-18̊ С da kuma aiwatar da matsakaiciyar shayarwa, saboda toshewar ruwa na iya haifar da mutuwar shuke-shuke.
- Seedlings bukatar nutse a cikin kwantena daban a farkon matakin girma yayin samuwar ganyen gaskiya na 2-3.
Dasa tumatir a cikin buyayyar kasa
Lokaci mai kyau don dasa shuki akan gado a buɗe shine farkon watan Mayu, bayan iska tayi ɗumi har zuwa zafin jiki na digiri 12 zuwa sama. Tsarin dasa shi yafi kyau da safe a cikin gajimare, ta yadda shuke-shuke zasu sami damar girma da karfi. A lokacin dasa shuki, yakamata yabanya su kasance kwanaki 60-65 kuma suna da ganye 6-8 da gogewar fure 1-2.
Babban matakai na dasa:
- Kafin sauka shayar da shukar da kyau, wanda zai taimaka cire tsirrai daga kwantena ba tare da lalata tsarin haushi ba.
- Yi ramuka zurfin kan bayonet mai shebur kuma cika su da ruwa. Don aikin shuka, zaku iya amfani da makirci 70x40, wanda ke nufin yawan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire 4 ta 1 m2.
- Lokacin da danshi ke narkewa, cire tsirrai daga kwantena kuma zurfafa tsaye a ƙasa.
- Yayyafa tushen da ƙasa... Sa'annan ku watsa takin a kusa da asalin kuma ku rufe ramin da ƙasa, a hankali ku ɗanɗana shi.
- A karshen saukowa zuba kowane daji tumatir da lita 1 na ruwa.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi mai kyau da kulawa mai kyau, tumatir na farko zai bayyana a farkon Yuni.
Kulawa iri-iri bayan dasawa
Kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da haɓaka lokacin fruaitingan itace ana ba su ta hanyar kulawa ta dace, wanda ya hada da aiwatar da wadannan ayyukan:
- cika ruwa adadin ruwa mai dumi daidai gwargwado;
- a kai a kai ciyar da tsireyin amfani da takin mai rikitarwa;
- yayin lokacin girma sako daga ciyawa, sassauta kasar ta yadda koda yaushe zata kasance mai tsabta;
- cire ganyen ƙasa don haɓaka haɓaka da mafi kyawun samun iska daga cikin ciyawar;
- yi matakan kariya don kare amfanin gona daga cututtuka da kwari;
- a cikin mummunan yanayi na Siberia ciyawa kasar gona da ciyawa ko ciyawadon kada tushen ya daskare.
Babban abu shine aiwatar da hanyoyin, kiyaye dukkan dokoki da shawarwarin ƙwararrun lambu.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Lokacin girma, amfanin gona yana buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Ko da tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, ana iya barin mai shukar ba tare da amfanin gona ba saboda tasirin ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi ko kwari. Cututtukan tumatir suna ci gaba a hankali, kuma galibi mai lambu ba zai iya gano matsalar da wuri ba.
Kwari masu hadari da ke kawo cutarwar ga al'ada - miyar gizo-gizo da farin farin.
Cututtukan da suka shafi fruitsa fruitsan itace gama gari sun haɗa da ƙwayar mosaic ta sigari da ƙarshen cutar. Dangane da bayanin, nau'in Nastena yana da kariya daga waɗannan cututtukan. Amma karfin yin tsayayya da cuta ba yana nufin cewa al'ada ba za ta iya kamuwa da komai ba. Asali, tsire-tsire masu rauni ko tumatir suna cikin haɗari, waɗanda ake noma su da keta halaye na fasahar noma.
Don hana bayyanar alamun kowace cuta, ya zama dole a tsara kulawar ƙwararrun daji kuma a kai a kai a kai a kai a kai ga gudanar da duba na shuke-shuke. Fesa rigakafin tare da kayan gwari kuma ba zai cutar ba.
Dokokin girkin tumatir da dokokin ajiya
Za'a iya ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen a girma daban-daban, ya danganta da yanayin yanayi da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi. Tumatir, a ci shi nan da nan, ya kamata a tsince shi lokacin da ya nuna, kuma don ajiya - a matakin balaga... Amfanin wannan girbin shine ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don ci gaba da balaga sauran samfuran.
Babban abu shine kada ku rasa lokacin ƙarshe don tsabtace ƙarshe. Girbi muddin zafin jikin iska da daddare ya haura 7-8 ̊С. A yanayin zafi mara kyau, akwai barazanar cututtukan tumatir, wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa idan an kiyaye shi.
Ana bukatar amfani da tumatir da aka cire a matakin cikakken girma a cikin kwanaki uku masu zuwa, kuma ana bukatar adana waɗanda suka sha kore.
Domin amfanin gona yayi girma kuma bazai lalace ba, kuna buƙatar kiyaye dokoki da yawa yayin adanawa:
- adana fruitsa fruitsan itacen da aka girbe a busassun yanayi kuma ba tare da wata barna ba, tabo da shigar da ƙasashen waje;
- Ya kamata a bar tsutsa a kan 'ya'yan itacen - wannan zai taimaka don ƙara rayuwar shiryayye don matsakaicin lokacin da zai yiwu;
- girbi sa a cikin kwantena masu ƙarfian rufe shi da kayan laushi daga ciki;
- zaɓi ɗaki mai duhu, busasshiyar iska, waɗanda alamun zafinsu ba su fi 23̊ С ba, kuma yanayin damina mai kyau shine 80-85%.
Noman tumatir iri-iri Nastenka zai kawo iyakar jin daɗi ga kowane mai lambu... Al'adun kayan lambu za su ba da lada don kulawa da hankali tare da wadataccen girbi na tumatir mai daɗi, mai daɗi da mai daɗin ji.