Sunflower shine amfanin gona mai mahimmanci don shirya mai akan sikelin masana'antu. An shirya Silage daga wannan al'adar; ana amfani da ita azaman garken shanu. Rashin kulawa ga batun kare albarkatu daga ciyawa yana rage yawan amfanin gona, saboda haka, bayan fitowar, ya zama dole ayi amfani da ciyawar ciyawa
Jigon amfani da maganin kashe kwari bayan fitowar ganyen sunflower
Wani fasalin noman sunflower shine a matakin farko su ci gaba a hankali fiye da tsiron itacen ciyawa... Wannan na faruwa sau da yawa lokacin da ake samun girma a tsakanin manya-manyan ƙwayoyi, iri-iri masu ƙarancin girma.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin ciyawar filayen noma kusan iri biliyan 3-4 ne cikin kowace hekta.
Gulma tana gasawa da shuke-shuke ta hanyar shan danshi da abinci daga ciki. Girman ciyawar weeds yana wuce ƙimar girma na sunflowers a tsawan ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Toshe filayen yana rage yawan amfanin gona a lokacin noman, yana haifar da faruwar cututtukan fungal da cututtuka.
Yana da mahimmanci musamman cewa saukowa farkon watanni 1.5, kafin farkon ci gaban girma na shuke-shuke, sun kasance marasa sako... Lokacin da aka kafa ganye na 5 a kan sunflower kuma layuka suka fara rufewa, yawancin ciyawar za su kasance cikin aminci.
Don lalata ciyawa, an ƙirƙira magunguna na musamman - ciyawar ciyawa.
Nau'in maganin kashe ciyawa
A cikin noman zamani na sunflowers, kawai an yi rajista, ana amfani da shirye-shiryen da aka yarda, waɗanda aka yi niyya don kawar da dicotyledonous da hatsi. An gabatar dasu kafin shuka ko bayan tsirowa.
An rarraba sunadarai kamar haka.
Pre-fitowan
Ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a tsakanin tsakanin shuka da kwayar iri... Harshen ƙwayoyin sunflower yana faruwa bayan makonni 1.5-2 bayan shuka. A farkon ci gaba, matakin haske, danshi, abinci mai gina jiki yana da mahimmanci, a wannan lokacin an aza matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kula da ciyawa da wuri zai sami sakamako mai kyau akan sakamako.
Ainihin tsarin aikin gona na sunflower shine dacewar amfanin ƙasa.
Ana amfani da maganin kashe ciyawar riga-kafin rigar ƙasa tsoratarwa ko samar spraying tare da bayani yayin shuka ko kafin. Miyagun ƙwayoyi yana hana haɓakar ciyawa, yana lalata ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Kuna iya sanya sunan tabbatar, kayan aikin da aka yi amfani dasu ko'ina:
- Harnes... Hanyar aikin tuntuba. Yana lalata ciyawar shekara-shekara. Ana shafawa kafin germination. Amfani da lita 3 a kowace kadada;
- Majagaba 900... Abun aiki shine acetochlor. Kafin tsiro su bayyana, ana kula da ƙasa da mafita. Yana saurin ruɓewa, samun lokaci don bayar da sakamako mai kyau don lalata jakar makiyaya, tauraruwar taurari, gero kaza, filin coryza, chamomile;
- Dual Zinare, Gezagard 50, Prometrin... Yana nufin Nitran da Treflan suna lalata hatsi da ciyawar dicotyledonous, amma baya shafar mustard filin, motar kebul, ragweed. Waɗannan shirye-shiryen suna aiki da kyau a haɗe tare da Gezagard 50. Masu noman ciyawa suna sakawa cikin ƙasa ta masu noman.
Ya kamata a lura cewa rashin dacewar wannan nau'in maganin kashe ciyawar shine dogaro da tasirin wakili akan matakin danshi na ƙasa. A busasshiyar ƙasa, tasirinsu ya fi muni.
Postemergence
Hakanan ana kiran magungunan kashe ciyawar bayan lokaci aminci... Tasirinsu mai halakarwa shine toshe haduwar amino acid a cikin ciyawa.
Kwayoyi lalata hatsi, dicotyledonous weeds: kifi mai laushi, gero kaza, gero, dawa, dakunsoga mai karamin fure, doyar daji, dope, purslane, broomrape
Dangane da fom na sakin jiki, wakili na iya zama emulsion mai nutsuwa ko a cikin nau'ikan narkewa mai narkewar ruwa.
Ana fesa maganin kashe ciyawa a kan albarkatun furannin sunflow a lokacin lokacin da ciyawar ciyawar ta kai tsayi 10 - 12 cm, suna da ganye 3-4. Kayan aiki yana aiki abar zaɓaɓɓe, kawar da ciyawa, yana hana sake haɓakawa.
Tabbatattun hanyoyin suna la'akari Beckard 125 KE, Fuzilad Super, Poast, Furore Super.
Aka gyara kwayoyi
Yawan kayayyakin da masana'antun sunadarai suka samar don sarrafa sunflower a lokacin kaka suna da fadi sosai.
Suna haɗuwa ne da abubuwan haɗin da aka haɗa a cikin abun da ke cikin bambancin da yawa:
- Hizalofop-P-ethyl... Yi aiki a hankali a kan ciyawa. Yana bada cikakken sakamako cikin kwanaki 7-12. Ya haɗu tare da shirye-shirye don lalata ciyawar da aka kyankyashe ta da kuma dicotyledonous. Shi da kansa yana yaƙi da ganyaye masu banƙyama.
- Tribenuron-methyl... Yi aiki da hankali, musamman yadda ya kamata tare da ciyawa mai yalwa, ƙwayoyin poppy, radishes da ciyayi daban-daban. Sauƙi a wanke cikin ruwan sama, watering. Baya rikici da kayan gwari, magungunan kwari. Nemi aikace-aikace azaman magani bayan fitowan cuta.
- Metolachlor... Yi aiki a hankali, ƙananan yawan guba. Samun fitowar riga-kafin da fitowar fitowar magani a kan weeds na kwaya daya, chamomile, purslane, galensoga.
- Quizalofop-P-tefuril... Magungunan zaɓi ne don kula da shekara-shekara, ciyawar shekara-shekara, irin su alkama, dawa.
- Imazethapyr... Gabatar a cikin tsarin ciyawar ciyawa na tsari. Tasirin zabe. Kulawa da broomrape sosai da sauri.
- Terbutylazine... Toxicananan guba don ƙwayoyin pollinating. Yana aiki azaman lamba ciyawar ƙasa. Yakai ambrosia.
Dokokin zinare na fasahar noma
A sarari yake cewa muhimmiyar ma'auni don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa na sunflowers shine m sako-sako da sako.
Don aiki mai ƙwarewa tare da maganin ciyawa, masana sun ba da shawarar bin waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:
- Don nazarin halaye na wuraren da aka shuka, nau'ikan weeds. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shirye-shiryen ƙasa a filaye tare da ciyawar shekara-shekara.
- Ayyade nau'in ƙasa... Theaddamarwa da tsawon lokacin aikin magani ya dogara da:
- rarraba girman kwayar halitta, yumbu, sikari yana bukatar babban abun cikin sinadaran aiki;
- ƙasa PH, ƙananan shi ne, mafi girman ƙimar bazuwar abubuwa;
- matakin danshi da kwayoyin halitta, kasa mai ni'ima tana bukatar karin abubuwa masu aiki;
- alamun miyagun ƙwayoyi da kanta, matsayin mai narkewa, lokacin lalacewa.
- Daidai shirya yanki don shuka... Ya kamata ya ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin ragowar tsire-tsire don ingantaccen aiki tare da ciyawar ciyawar ƙasa.
- Duba hasashen yanayi... Kwarewar kwararru na dogon lokaci ya nuna cewa babban mahimmin abu a cikin tasirin ciyawar kasar shi ne hada maganin ga danshi ko hazo a cikin tsakanin lokacin da bai wuce awanni 20 ba daga lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi.
- Bi ingancin aiki, daidaito na bin umarnin. Yanayin iska ya zama da kyau daga + 10 zuwa digiri 25, saurin iska bai wuce 4 m a sakan daya. Dole ne kayan aiki su kasance cikin tsari mai kyau, dole ne a daidaita abin fesawa.
Babban sakamakon amfani da maganin kashe ciyawa shine yawan amfanin sunflower.
Hanyoyi masu sauƙi na noman inji (harrowing, sassauƙa tsakanin jere) ba sa iya samar da kariya ta amfanin gona daga ciyawar. Madadin shirye-shiryen maganin herbicidal har yanzu ba a ƙirƙira shi ba; suna taimakawa wajen adanawa da samun wadataccen ɗimbin ruwa na sunflowers.