Yawancin lambu masu ƙwarewa ba su da masaniya game da kasancewar cucumbers na daji. Tsawon ƙusoshinsu ya kai cm 30-50 kawai. Kulawa ga irin wannan al'adun yana da sauƙi, lokacin girbin gajere ne. Kuna iya gane irin waɗannan tsire-tsire da sunayensu: Baby, Kustovoy, Korotyshka, da dai sauransu. Kokwamba Malysh sananne ne a cikin ɗakunanmu, waɗanda ake amfani da 'ya'yansu a duniya. Za a iya samun kwatancin da halayen wannan nau'in a ƙasa.
Bayani da halaye na nau'ikan cucumbers Kid
Wannan nau'ikan kokwamba na asalin jinsin farko ne, 'ya'yan itacen sun yi kwanaki 40 bayan sun yi girma. Tsawon bulala ya kai 30-40 cm kawai, 'ya'yan itatuwa - har zuwa 9 cm... Fata mai duhu mai duhu tana da sikarin bututu mai laushi tare da gefen fari.
Shuka na da kyakyawan rigakafi, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a tsayayya da mildew, ƙwayoyin mosaic kokwamba da sauran cututtuka. Amfanin amfanin gona ba rikodin rikodin bane, amma barga ne, ana iya cire kilogram 2-2.5 daga daji ɗaya (game da zelents 40-45). Nauyin samfurin matsakaici ɗaya shine gram 80-90.
Bambancin Malysh ya samo asali ne ta hanyar masu kiwo na tashar gwaji ta Volgograd VNIIR.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Yawancin Malysh sun riga sun yaba da ƙaunatattun lambun gida. A cikin bitar su game da kaddarorin da halayen babban kayan lambu, galibi ana faɗakar da fa'idodi masu zuwa:
- matsananci farkon balaga, kyakkyawan germination;
- kyakkyawa dandano halaye ba tare da haushi ba;
- amfani da duniya (sabo ne da shirye-shiryen hunturu);
- 'ya'yan itace da kyau hawakiyaye gabatarwa;
- a cikin karamin yanki yayi daidai da karin daji;
- gajarta tsawon kara ba ka damar sauyawa tsakanin sahu ba tare da jin tsoron lalata reshe ko 'ya'yan itatuwa ba;
- tsawo rayuwa shiryayye ba tare da asarar gabatarwa ba (kwana 10);
- kyakkyawan juriya kafin kwari da cututtuka.
Al'adar ba ta da nakasu, babban abin shine babbar 'ya'yan itace. Ana ba da shawarar girbi kowace rana don hana cucumbers daga overripe.... Hakanan al'adun suna son ruwa sosai, saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a karya tsarin ban ruwa. Bambancin Malysh ya girma ne kawai a cikin filin buɗe ido, wanda ke iyakance hanyoyin noman.
Bukatun ƙasa don dasa shuki
Forasa don Malyshok cucumbers yana da haske, ba mai acidic ba. Ya kamata a shirya wani shafi don shimfida gadaje a lokacin bazara. Da farko dai, ya kamata ka ƙayyade wurin. Dole ne a kunna ta sosai kuma a sha iska. Idan akwai tsire-tsire masu tsayi kusa da nan, to, ɗan inuwa ba ya tsoma baki tare da kakar girma da 'ya'yan itace. Magabata masu kyau sune:
- tumatir;
- dankali na farko;
- masara;
- wake
Bayan zucchini, kabewa, squash, tafarnuwa, ba a ba da shawarar yin kokwamba ba saboda lalacewar ƙasa.
Dole ne a tona wurin gadaje tare da gabatar da taki lokaci guda (guga da 1 m2)... Madadin shine takin ƙasa tare da cakuda gishirin potassium (25 g) da superphosphate (40 g). Aikin bazara yana tare da digo shafin da gabatarwar ammonium nitrate (15-20 gram da 1 m2) a cikin ƙasa.
Sandy da loamy nau'ikan ƙasa ana ɗaukarsu ingantattun ƙasa don haɓaka cucumbers.
Shuka dokoki
An shirya iri don shuka a gaba. Suna buƙatar a jera su kuma a jiƙa su na mintina 20 a cikin wani rauni mai ƙarfi na sinadarin potassium na kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Bayan aikin, ana wanke iri a cikin ruwa mai tsabta kuma ya bushe. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a nannade tsaba a cikin danshi mai danshi don tsirowa. Yana da mahimmanci a wannan lokacin don tabbatar da cewa masana'anta sun kasance masu danshi.
An shuka tsaba da aka shirya bisa ga makirci:
- nesa tsakanin layuka shine 45 cm;
- tazara tsakanin ramuka - 25 cm;
- zurfin nutsarwa na hatsi - 3 cm.
Bayan an dasa, ana rufe gado da fim wanda ba'a cire shi har sai harbe ya bayyana. A cikin yanayi mara kyau, ana ba da shawarar rufe harbe-harben da daddare don kada su daskare idan akwai sanyi.
Don samun girbi da wuri a cikin yanayin sanyi, masu lambu suna amfani da hanyar shuka na dasa cucumbers. Saboda wannan, an shuka iri (wanda aka jiƙa a cikin maganin nitrophosphate) a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu a cikin kofuna daban da aka cika da peat, humus da ƙasa. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara ɗan toka na itace da nitrophoska (cokali 1.5 da guga na cakuda). Bayan an kafa ganye 4-5 akan shukokin, zaku iya tura su zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Wajibi ne yanayin zafin iska ya kasance sama da + 16-18 ° С yayin rana. Da dare, ya fi kyau a rufe gado da agrofibre a karon farko don ƙirƙirar kariyar shuke-shuke daga daskarewa.
Lokacin dasa shuki na shuki zuwa gadaje, kuna buƙatar sauya kowane daji zuwa rami a hankali tare da substrate. Tushen tushen ba shi da kyau a cikin samari na matasa, mai sauƙi idan an kula da shi ba da kulawa ba.
Iri-iri kulawa bayan dasa
Sakin ciyawar lokaci da sassauta ƙasa na ba da gudummawa ga tsarin ci gaba, saboda haka ya kamata ka cire ciyawa daga gado... Irin wannan unguwar na iya lalata tushen seedlings, tsokanar shuka ta lalace. Haɓakawa wani ɓangare ne na kulawa ta yau da kullun; rashin isashshen oxygen yana raunana tsarin garkuwar jiki, yana mai sa shi cutar.
Cucumbers suna matukar son ruwa, nau'ikan Malysh ba banda bane. Zai fi kyau a shayar da dazuzzuka tare da matsin lamba mai rauni, rafi mai ƙarfi yana fallasa tushen, sakamakon abin da shuka ta kafe. Wadannan nau'ikan shayarwa ana daukar su masu kyau:
- yayyafawa;
- tsarin drip.
Mitar hanyoyin sau 1 ne a kowace rana, kuma in babu ruwan sama, ana yin danshi sau biyu.
Iri-iri tare da farkon lokacin girki suna cike da ciyayi mai tsanani. Wannan yana bayanin buƙatar yawan shayarwa da gabatarwar baits. An gabatar da rabo na farko kafin lokacin fure, wadanda zasu biyo baya - kowane kwana 10. Ana amfani da bayani azaman abinci, wanda aka shirya daga abubuwa masu zuwa:
- guga na ruwa;
- karamin teaspoon na urea, potassium sulfate, superphosphate;
- gilashin mullein (mushy daidaito).
Madadin mullein na ɗan adam ne (cokali 1 da guga na ruwa). Hakanan takin mai magani ya dace:
- Mai Gurasa;
- Haihuwa;
- Fontanelle;
- Mafi kyau.
Gogaggen lambu sun gargaɗi masu farawa game da kuskuren da ake yawan yi yayin girma cucumbers na daji:
- Lokacin kafa 6-7 ganye tsunkule kashe tip a kan reshe don ƙirƙirar wani reshe. A game da cucumbers, Kid, wannan aikin ana ɗauke dashi ne.
- Ba shi da daraja rage tazara tsakanin ramuka lokacin saukowa, lokacin farin ciki yana haifar da lalacewa... Kari akan haka, daurin kaurin yana zama mai kwari.
- Lokacin girma shuki, ya zama dole a cikin makonni 1-2 taurara tsire-tsire kafin canja wuri zuwa bude ƙasa... In ba haka ba, za su faɗi a kan gadaje a farkon iska.
- Ya kamata a gudanar da ban ruwa a ƙarƙashin tsayayyar ƙasa. Hana tsayawawar ruwa a ciki, in ba haka ba zai haifar da lalacewar asalinsu.
- Komai yadda juriya iri-iri yake ga cututtuka da kwari, bai kamata ku dasa tsaba a shekara ba a wuri guda.
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Sau da yawa, cucumbers suna fama da cututtukan fungal. Wannan na iya faruwa saboda gurɓatar ƙasa ko iri. A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana bada shawara a jiƙa iri kafin a dasa. a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate. Hakanan zaka iya shayar da gadaje na gaba dashi. Don wannan dalili, ruwan gishiri (gilashi 1 a guga na ruwa) shima ya dace.
Wadannan cututtuka ana daukar su mafi haɗari ga al'adun:
- launin toka;
- farin ruɓa;
- mosaic kokwamba;
- tabon zaitun;
- tushen ruɓa
Kulawa na yau da kullun, kulawa mai kyau da amsa mai sauri lokacin da aka gano alamun farko na lalacewar tsire-tsire zasu taimaka kare amfanin gona daga mutuwa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa lafiyayye da ƙarfi daji ya fi kariya daga cututtuka fiye da raunana harbe. Kuna buƙatar ƙarfafa rigakafi tare da abinci mai cikewa akan kari... Abun haɗin gina jiki na ƙasa yana saturates cucumbers tare da abubuwa masu amfani.
Lokacin girma kokwamba, yana da mahimmanci a gabatar da isasshen adadin phosphorus da potassium a ciki. Amma ana amfani da nitrogen a cikin iyakantaccen kashi.
Dokokin girbi da adanawa
A ranar 39-40th bayan fitowar tsire-tsire a sama da doron ƙasa, lokacin girbi ya zo. Kwanan lokaci ya faɗi a farkon rabin Yuli. Balaga mai zurfin gaske yana sanya ku duba gadajen kowace rana. 'Ya'yan itace masu aiki suna faruwa a cikin makonni 2... An adana kayan lambu da aka girbe a wuri mai sanyi na kwana 10 idan ya cancanta. A wannan lokacin, 'ya'yan itacen ba sa rasa halayensu da gabatarwa.
Amincin amfanin gonar da aka girbe ya rinjayi hanyar cire ɗiyan daga lash. Yana da mahimmanci a bar karamin wutsiya akan kayan lambu ba tare da lalata fata ba.... A lokaci guda, ƙafafun ba sa buƙatar juye su, har ma fiye da haka don lilo akan tarnaƙi don gano koren.
A'idodi masu sauƙi na kulawa da juriya na cucumbers zuwa cututtuka suna ba da damar shuka amfanin gona a yankuna tare da halaye daban-daban na yanayin yanayi. Kuma farkon lokacin girki yana tabbatar da girbi mai kyau.