Kowa yana da lokacin da ya fi so, kuma yawancin mutane suna jin daɗin kula da shuke-shuke. Yaya abin birgewa don kallon tsiro da ke tsirowa daga zuriya, don kulawa a lokacin lokacin ci gaba mai aiki kuma, mai daɗi sau biyu, don girban 'ya'yan bishiyar dabbar godiya. Amma, don girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar yin ado da takin zamani, gami da foliar.
Dokokin kulawa da shuka koyaushe sun haɗa da:
- sassauta ƙasa;
- shayarwa;
- hadi;
- weeds;
- kariyar kwari da magani;
- yankewa ko lanƙwasa;
- shirya tsire-tsire don hunturu
Zaka iya takin zamani ta hanyoyi da yawa:
- Babbar hanyar ta hada taki a cikin ƙasa, kafin dasa shuki shuke-shuke.
- Ana yin hanyar shuka a lokacin dasa shuki.
- Top dressing shine gabatarwar abubuwan gina jiki yayin rayuwa... Top dressing shine tushe, foliar (ganye), jere tsakanin juna da kuma hanyar haihuwa.
Menene ciyarwar foliar
Miyakin Foliar wata hanya ce ta gabatar da sinadarai da aka narkar cikin ruwa ta fesawa a ɓangaren ƙasa, kewaye da asalinsu.
Karatun ya nuna cewa sinadarai masu amfani da ganyayyaki da tushe na shuke-shuke rayayye suna shiga cikin kwayar halitta kuma suna saurin shiga cikin sauri.
Mafi dacewa don saurin, ƙananan ƙwayoyin abinci masu gina jiki tare da amsa tsire-tsire na gani.
Lokacin da kake bukata
Babban mahimmancin gogewa don yanke shawara kan ciyar da foliar:
- zamanantar da hanyoyin hadi;
- saboda ƙananan yanayin zafi, gishiri, ƙarancin tushen tsarin, shuka baya karɓar ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da rashi na abubuwan gina jiki, da ganyayyaki masu haɗaka abinci za su samar da mafi mahimmancin microelements a cikin mafi kankanin lokacin da zai cika;
- mai iko tushen rurikamar yadda ganye ke ciyar da tushe, yana ƙara ƙarfin tushen karfi don ɗaukar abinci mai gina jiki daga ƙasa;
- kara zafin fure-fure;
- hadi, bin matakai na ci gaban shuka, alal misali, a lokacin halakar ayyukan tushen tsarin;
- tsayin daji baya bada izinin aikace-aikace takin zamani;
- hada aikace-aikacen foliar tare da maganin kashe kwari, kafin hakan, a hankali muna nazarin teburin daidaitawa don kar a haifar da sabbin mahadi;
- ajiye batura saboda aikace-aikacen gida
Don cikakkiyar hadewar abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar ganye, ana yarda dashi gaba ɗaya don haskaka ƙa'idodi masu tsauri:
- Aiwatar da takin zamani a lokacin mafi kyawun ci gaban kayan aikin ciyayi na daji.
- Maganin dole ne ya faɗi a saman da kasan ganyen da kan bishiyar;
- Ya zama dole a fesa maganin da dare ko ranar girgije, tunda rana takan bushe maganin kafin tsiron ya shanye shi;
- Yanayin yanayi bai fi digiri 20 ba.
- Yakamata yanayin ya zama mai natsuwa, ba ruwan sama ba.
Waɗanne takin zamani sun fi dacewa
Yana da mahimmanci a san, yayin aiwatar da abinci mai gina jiki, ka'idojin shan wasu abubuwa.
Takin nitrogen
Rashin sinadarin nitrogen a lokacinda yake girma yana matukar rage yawan amfanin gona, da kuma inganci da kuma sinadarin gina jiki. An fi fesa takin nitrogen akan ganyen. a farkon bazara domin inganta ayyukan hotoyuretis, da girman girma, da karko da cigaban gabobin haihuwa.
Late ganye ciyar da shi ba zai shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma muhimmanci ƙara da ingancin gina jiki abun ciki a cikin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.
An nuna kyakkyawan sakamako ta hanyar ciyar da ganyen tare da carbamide, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'in amide na nitrogen.
Potassium-phosphorus
Potash da phosphorus-takin mai magani, suna taimakawa kara ripening 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, yayin da akwai ƙaruwa a cikin halayen halayen amfanin gona.
Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa potassium rashin isa da hankali a hankali ta hanyar ganye, ion potassium suna da girma kuma yana da wahala a gare su su ratsa yankan ganye. Yana da kyau a kara potassium a lokacin bushe don kula da elasticity na ganye.
Magnesium da abubuwa masu alama
- Magnesium yana da kyakkyawan takardar shaye-shaye, ana gabatar dashi lokaci daya tare da urea a cikin hanyar magnesium sulfate.
- Biostimulants dangane da tsiren ruwan teku.
- Ana gabatar da abubuwa masu alama a cikin hanyar chelat - hadaddun kwayoyin mahadi wanda ke dauke da hadadden tsarin halittar jiki, wanda chylating wakili yana kiyaye ion ƙarfe a cikin yanayi mai narkewa har sai ya shiga cikin shuke-shuke.Gabatar da abubuwan da aka gano a cikin sifofin gishirin an gano cewa basu da inganci saboda gaskiyar cewa takin zamani baya sha, mai guba, samuwar sabbin mahadi a cikin ƙasa da shuka, konewa a wurin tuntuba.
Yadda ake shirya suturar foliar a cikin ƙasa
Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa na apples, wajibi ne a gudanar da abinci mai gina jiki sau uku urea (urea na roba). A lokacin bazara, yayin da ganyen har yanzu suna da taushi, yi amfani da su 0,3% (gram uku na carbamide kowace lita na ruwa) bayani, kuma a lokacin rani da kaka 0,5% (Giram 5 na carbamide kowace lita ta ruwa).
Idan bazara mai tsayi da sanyi ta tsaya, kafin tsiron ya fure, yana da gaggawa don ciyar dashi da abun da ke gaba:
Ammonium nitrate (adadin nitrogen 46%) - 20,0 g. narke a cikin lita biyu na ruwa, an ƙara potassium chloride - 20,0 g kuma jan ƙarfe - 1.0 g.,
ga wannan cakuda an kara narkewa cikin lita 3 superphosphate - 200 gr. Ana cakuda hadin idan damina ta samu kuma ana magance maganin hakan tare da shuke-shuke.
Dangane da rani mai raɗaɗi da zafi, ya zama dole a sarrafa ganyayyaki tare da maganin potassium chloride 100 gr. da lita 10 na ruwa, wannan zai kara turgor din ganyen.
Fasahar sarrafa kayan lambu
Farkon ciyarwa
Kafin shuke shuken fure, yana da gaggawa don ciyar dashi da abun da ke gaba:
- Double granular superphosphate (ƙara yawan abun ciki na phosphorus, da ingantaccen solubility) - 200.0 g., narkar da cikin lita 3 na ruwa yayin rana a cikin kwandon roba;
- Ammonium nitrate (adadin nitrogen 46%) - 20,0 g. kuma jan ƙarfe - 10.0 g., boric acid 1 gr., potassium sulphide - 80 gr.
- An cire acidity tare da bayani lemun tsami.
- Dukansu gaurayawan an haɗasu kuma an zuba lita 5 na ruwa a ciki.
Gabatarwar irin wannan bayani a cikin bazara yana da tabbacin inara yawan amfanin ƙasa da 20%... A lokacin flowering, ba a ciyar da tsire-tsire.
Na biyu
Bayan shuke-shuke faded, ya kamata ka gudanar da na biyu koto:
- Double granular superphosphate (ƙara yawan abun ciki na phosphorus, da ingantaccen solubility) - 200.0 g, an narkar da shi a cikin lita 3 na ruwa yayin rana a cikin kwandon roba;
- Sinadarin Amonium - 50,0 g narke a cikin lita biyu na ruwa, an ƙara potassium sulphide - 100 gr. Dukansu gaurayawan sun haɗu, an lalata acidity tare da bayani soda, kuma an zuba lita 5 na ruwa a ciki.
Na uku
Kafin girbi yana bada shawarar ciyarwa na uku:
Double granular superphosphate (ƙãra abun ciki na phosphorus, da mai kyau solubility) - 400.0 g., narkar da cikin lita 3 na ruwa yayin rana a cikin akwatin roba. 4 tabarau tokar itace nace a cikin lita uku na ruwa na yini guda, a gauraya da narkakkiyar superphosphate, a rage acidity tare da maganin abinci soda, kara ruwa lita 5.
Irin wannan taki yana kara karfin 'ya'yan itatuwa, inganta rayuwar su yayin dogon ajiya da jigilar kaya.
Lokacin amfani da suturar foliar, dole ne a tuna cewa babu wata hanya, wannan hanyar ba ta maye gurbin daidaitattun hanyoyin hadi ba, amma yana aiki azaman ƙarin tushe wanda ke haɓaka yawan aiki, shuka muhimman ayyuka, ɗanɗano da amincin 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Kada a wuce yawan halatta na maganin, haɗarin tsire-tsire yana ƙaruwa sosai, karanta a hankali umarnin takin mai magani.
A hankali rarraba taki da aka shafa a farfajiyar ɓangaren ƙasa, idan kun tsallake ƙananan abubuwan, ƙwarin fesawa zai faɗi.
Kasance mai lura da matakan ci gaba, baƙon hadi yana haifar da rashin takin mai buƙata, kuma yawan wuce gona da iri yana haifar da rashin girbi da ci gaban saman.