Tumatir Dubrava sananne ne ga masu lambu tsawon shekaru a jere a matsayin ɗayan tabbatattun "tsoffin-lokaci". An horar da ire-iren a cikin Rasha tun zamanin USSR. Tumatir din Dubrava suna da fa'idodi da yawa: yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya na cuta. Halaye na nau'ikan, fa'ida da fa'ida, hanyoyin kulawa a cikin labarin.
Bayanin tumatir Dubrava
Yawancin lambu daga cikin jerin wadatattun tumatir da yawa sukan zaɓi waɗancan basa buƙatar greenhouse, pinning, tying kuma basa bukatar kulawa mai kyau. Daya daga cikin wadannan wakilan shine tumatir din Dubrava.
Halaye na iri-iri
Dangane da bayanin, bishiyar tumatir ba ta da girma kuma ta kai tsawon 50-65 cm Saboda haka, iri-iri suna buƙatar isasshen yanki don ci gaba. Don daji ɗaya, ana buƙatar yanki na 30: 40cm. Karamin karami, na ado idan za'a iya girma a cikin lambun da kuma kan windowsill da baranda.
Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa, shukar na iya samar da 'ya'yan itace har zuwa kilogiram 2 a kowane daji. 'Ya'yan itãcen jan launi mai haske suna kai nauyin gram 50-100.
Dubrava dauke da matsakaiciyar-tumatir tumatir... Tumatir ya bayyana daga farawar farko zuwa cikakken balaga cikin kwanaki 80-95. Nau'in iri-iri ya bayyana rassa mara kyau, mai kyau mai nuna yawan aiki shine bushes mai tushe 3-4. Siffar ganyen karama ce, koren haske.
Tumatir yana jin dadi a yanayin zafi mai zafi da zafi mai yawa. Akwai ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin amfanin ƙasa idan an cika dukkan sharuɗɗa. Tumatir yana da dandano mai kyau, tare da ɗanɗano na asali da busasshen ɓangaren litattafan almara.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da wuya, ba da rancen kansu da kyau don sufuri. Idan 'yayan itacen suka tsinke a cikin yanayin rashin balaga, to bayan' yan kwanaki sai ya cika cikakke. Nau'in iri-iri sun dace da aiki, gwangwani, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, amfani mai sabo.
Ribobi da fursunoni
Babban fa'ida iri sune:
- balaga da wuri;
- saukin kulawa;
- juriya ga canjin yanayi;
- babban aiki;
- za'a iya girma ba tare da ɗaurewa ba.
Rage iri-iri gaskiyar cewa ba za ku iya shuka tsaba a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ba. Shuka tana sake haihuwa ne kawai da taimakon tsirrai.
Binciken tumatir
Dangane da sake dubawar 'yan lambu, babu matsala idan aka ce babu wani abu mai wahala wajen bunkasa nau'ikan Dubrava. Idan ka kwatanta shi da yawancin Turai iri, iri-iri suna da sauƙin kulawa.
Tumatir Dubrava yana fama da kyau tare da cututtuka irin su ƙarshen cutar da cutar kanjamau. Akwai korafin cewa ganyen tumatir ya zama rawaya kuma akwai yuwuwar afkawa tumatir cikin tumatir a cikin greenhouse.
Da dabara na girma tumatir
An ba da izinin tsire tumatir a cikin greenhouse, amma kuna buƙatar shuka shi da wuri-wuri. Yanayin iska a dare bai kamata ya sauka ƙasa da digiri 5 ba, in ba haka ba ƙwayoyin za su daskare.
Tsarin shuka Dubrava
Don shuka tsaba, kuna buƙatar siyan cakuda yashi na musamman, wanda aka siyar a cikin shaguna na musamman. Zaka iya amfani da substrates da suka rage bayan sauran albarkatu: zucchini, ganye.
Yakamata a yi amfani da ƙwayar ƙasa kafin a yi amfani da shi. Don yin wannan, zaku iya nutsar da cikin murhu da wuta.
Ya kamata a shuka shuka a ƙarshen Maris. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin la'akari da yanayin yanayin ƙasa: a cikin yankunan kudanci - a baya, a cikin yankunan arewacin - daga baya. Don shuka tsaba, kuna buƙatar shirya filastik ko ganga peat, don kowane ɗayan yana da ramuka a ƙasan don dacewa da shayar shuki.
Lokacin shirya tsaba, yana da kyau a bi da su tare da haɓakar haɓaka da kuma kashe su a cikin maganin 2% na potassium permanganate. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin shirye-shiryen zasu taimaka zuriyar tayi da sauri da kuma kariya daga cuta.
Hanyar don zaɓin tsaba daidai: kuna buƙatar tsoma su cikin ruwan gishiri (cokali 1 da gilashin ruwa). Wadancan tsaba wadanda suka nutse a kasa sun dace da tsirrai.
Shuka da girma dokoki tsaba:
- sanya tsaba a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 2 cm;
- jika kasar gona da abin feshi;
- rufe akwatin tare da tsire-tsire tare da tsare ko gilashi kuma saka a rana (t 25C);
- lokacin da tsiro tare da ganye 4-6 suka bayyana, ana iya dasa shukokin cikin ƙasa.
Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka kasance kwanaki 50-60 da haihuwa, za ku iya fara dauke shi waje don taurin kai (t 15-20С)
Mataki-da-mataki na girma iri-iri a cikin gidan rani
Ana dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa a ƙasan zafin ƙasa na aƙalla 15C. Babban abu shine cewa babu sanyi a dare. Matakan sauka:
- yana da kyau a shuka tumatir Dubrava inda zucchini, legumes, ganye a baya ya girma;
- ƙasa dole ne hasken wuta;
- na 1 sq. ba a shuka bishiyoyin tumatir 4 a kowace mita;
- an binne bishiyoyi 10 cm a cikin ƙasa a kusurwa. Shuka zai tashi da kansa;
- kwanaki 14 na farko da kuke buƙata shayar da tsire-tsire da yawa.
Kulawa
Abu mafi mahimmanci shine hana fari na tumatir. Tumatir din Dubrava masu son danshi ne. Ba sa buƙatar ɗaure ciyawa da cire 'ya'yan goyo.
Yana da mahimmanci a sako ciyawar a cikin lokaci kuma lokaci-lokaci a kwance ƙasa. Kafin dasa shuki, zaka iya kula da ƙasa tare da cakuda maganin sabulu da nitroammofoska daga kwalbar feshi.
Kwaro da matakan shawo kan cututtuka
Alamar lafiyar shuka itace launi na ganye. Idan seedlings ya fara zama rawaya, wanda ke nufin cewa tumatir ba ya jin daɗi. Kuna buƙatar bincika daji a hankali:
- idan akwai jan toka akan ganyen, to wannan yana nuna rashin sinadarin nitrogen;
- ganye ya zama rawaya ya zama datti - rashin zinc;
- ganyayyaki sun zama rawaya kuma suna da farin launi - rashin ƙarfe.
Kwaroran tumatir da suka fi yawa a cikin greenhouse sune whiteflies. Suna kama da fararen ƙudaje, sun zauna a ƙananan ɓangaren ganye, suna cin abincin tsire-tsire, suna raunana shi. Menene ƙari, farin farin mai ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta ne.
Kuna buƙatar yaƙi da kwaro kamar haka:
- rataya faya-fayen manne a cikin greenhouse;
- fesa greenhouse tare da jiko na ganye: tushen dandelion, tafarnuwa, bawon albasa;
- don aiwatar da maganin sunadarai: Aktellik, Aktara, Pegasus, Akarin, Fitoverm.
Wani hatsari kwaro - diba... Yana buga isar, buds, furanni, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, ana ba da shawarar kula da tsire-tsire tare da infusions na calendula, burdock, wormwood. Magungunan kemikal suma sun dace: Alatar, Iskra M, Fitoverm.
Medvedka akan tumatir, cizon haƙora a tushe da tushe, yana hana fruita fruitan ci gaba. Don magance kwari, ana amfani da kwayoyi: Thunder, Force, Medvetox. An binne su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. "Fitoverm" zai taimaka akan nematodes, kuma "Iskra M" ko "Kemifox" zasu cece ku daga ma'adinan bayan fage.
Tumatir Dubrava amfanin gona ne mai matukar amfani, amfanin sa shine kyakkyawan dandano da juriya ga cututtuka. Ina maku kyakkyawan girbi!