Don samun ingantaccen tumatir mai ɗanɗano a ƙarshen kaka, abu na farko da ya kamata ka kula da shi shine zaɓin zaɓi iri-iri da kuma sayan tsaba don shuka. Domin don samun sakamakon da ake so akan girbin tumatir, masu kula da gonar da kansu sun gwammace dasa shuki, kuma basa sayan waɗanda aka shirya a kasuwa.
Dasa tumatir
Shuka tumatir ba shi da wahala musamman ga masu lambu. babban abu samar da yanayin da ake bukata sannan kuma a ƙarshe za a sami girbi mai kyau na wannan kayan lambu.
Janar dokoki:
- Zabin iri;
- Shuka iri;
- Shuka shukoki;
- Saukowa a cikin bude ƙasa;
Yadda ake shuka daga iri
Kuna iya shuka shuki ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- Dasa tsaba cikin kwantena da aka shirya - wannan wata hanya ce wacce aka fara shuka su a cikin akwati ɗaya, kuma bayan nutsewa ana zaune a cikin kwantena daban;
- Kunsa tsaba a cikin tsummoki - ana kuma kiranta da hanyar Moscow kuma suna yin ta kamar haka - saka tef na cellophane, wata takardar bayan gida a kai, jika shi da ruwan dumi, shimfida tsaba cikin kari 1 cm da 1.5 cm daga saman gefen, wata takarda a saman, jika kuma saka wani kaset din cellophane. Bayan duk magudin, sai mu juya komai ya zama birgima mu sanya shi a cikin kwandon da ake zuba ruwa don diapers ɗin su taɓa shi;
- Dasa tsaba a cikin bude ƙasa a ƙarƙashin fim ɗin - ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa mai dumi kuma an rufe shi da fim na greenhouse daga sanyi mai maimaitawa;
Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi zaɓin da ya dace don kar girma ya zama aiki mai wahala.
Yadda ake shuka shuki
Don fahimtar yadda mafi kyau don dasa tumatir, zaku iya ba da misali bisa ga Tretyakovsky F1 matasan. Tsarin yana ƙayyade kuma ya dace da girma a cikin greenhouses. Daga farkon harbe zuwa cikakke 'ya'yan itace wuce 3.5 watanni, wanda ke nufin zaka iya shuka tsaba har zuwa 1 ga Afrilu.
Zai fi kyau shuka kowane iri a cikin peat tabletdon rage rauni ga asalinsu. Carearin kulawa ga shuki bai bambanta da ƙa'idodin da aka yarda da su gaba ɗaya ba.
Haɗin kai ba sa watsa bayanan asalinsu ta hanyar iri.
Yaushe da yadda ake shuka tumatir
Shuka tumatir ana aiwatar dashi lokacin farawa daga shekaru goma na uku na Fabrairu zuwa Afrilu 1... Kuna iya koyon fasahar shuka iri ta karanta wannan labarin.
A gida, ana iya yin tumatir a kan windowsill, a baranda mai kyalli, a kan tebur, idan an sanye shi da haske don tsire-tsire ba su shimfiɗa ba.
Lambu da kansa ya yanke shawarar yadda za a zaɓi hanyar dasa tumatirin tumatir don shuka. Amma da farko dai, kuna buƙatar siyan kyawawan tsaba kuma galibi ana siyan su ne a cikin cibiyoyin lambu na musamman daga masana'antun da aka aminta. Wannan yana ba ku kwarin gwiwa don samun amfanin gona daidai.
Zabin iri
Idan an dasa tumatir a karon farko a shafin, to yakamata ku zaɓi nau'ikan da zasu dace da fifikon dandano na mai lambu kuma a girbe shi a wani yanki.
Saboda haka, akwai wasu ƙa'idodi waɗanda ya kamata a bi yayin zaɓar tsaba tumatir:
- Da farko dai shine lokaci na cikakken ripening 'ya'yan itãcen marmari... Tunda a yankin arewacin, inda rani yayi tsawo da dumi, mai kula da lambu zai iya samun wadatar iri na gaba.
- Hakanan ya cancanci la'akari tsayin daji, tunda idan za a gudanar da dasa tumatir a cikin gidan haya, dangane da ajiyar sarari, yana da kyau a mai da hankali ga dogaye, iri-iri masu yawan samar da abubuwa masu kyau. Idan yankin dasa tumatir mai girma ne, to ya fi kyau shuka iri tare da tsayin 50-100 cm, tunda a cikin manyan yankuna ba shi da fa'ida a sanya tallafi ga dogayen tumatir.
- Yankin tumatir - a nan za ku ga cewa wasu nau'ikan yanki don takamaiman yanki, wanda ke nufin cewa a cikin wannan yanki ne akwai damar da za a samu babban girbi na wannan nau'ikan.
- Idan kunshin ya ce irin wannan tumatir din zai iya girma ne kawai a cikin gidan haya, to bai kamata a dasa shi a bude ba, tunda dama tumatir din ba zai rayu a wurin ba.
- Girman cikakkun 'ya'yan itacen yana da mahimmanci, tunda manyan tumatir ne kawai za a iya amfani da su don yanka salads, kuma tare da diamita 5-6 cm da madaidaicin sifa, suna da kyau ga kiyayewa.
Lokacin zabar nau'ikan da kanka, karanta bayanan da aka rubuta akan kunshin, wannan zai taimaka yanke shawara yadda tumatir yayi daidai da yankin da abubuwan dandano na mai sha'awar lambun.
Yi jita-jita
A zamanin yau akwai kayan aiki na musamman daban daban don girma. Amma yana da kyau la'akari da cewa da farko ana shuka tsaba a cikin akwatin shuka wanda tsayinsa yakai kimanin 12 cm, sa'annan, a lokacin nutsewa, ana shuka tsire-tsire daban-daban ba kasa da 200 gr ba.
Sabili da haka, ana iya daidaita masu zuwa don akwatinan zama:
- Milk da akwatunan ruwan 'ya'yan itace;
- Kashe lita 5. kwalabe na filastik;
- Akwatinan katako.
Don akwatin da aka dasa itacen tsiro a ciki, waɗanda ake yarwa sun dace sosai kofuna waɗanda suke da ƙarar 200 da 500 gr.
Wajibi ne cewa jita-jita suna da ramuka don zub da ruwa mai yawa.
Abun da ake buƙata na ƙasa
Bayan zaɓar tukwane, yana da daraja zaɓar ƙasar da ta dace inda za ku iya dasa tsaba. Da farko dai, dole ne ya zama mai gina jiki da sako-sako da... Saboda haka, zaku iya siyan share fage a shagon da ya dace.
Ko zaka iya tsara shi da kanka, ɗaukar komai daidai gwargwado:
- Peat.
- Gonar lambu.
- Yashi.
Duk ƙasar da aka saya ko aka hada ta hannuwanku dole ne ku kasance da ƙwayoyin cuta. Ya dace da wannan daskarewa ko gasawa - babban abu shine kwayoyin halittu daban-daban suna mutuwa.
Ana shirya tsaba a gida
Don gano idan tsaba sun dace da shuka a cikin ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ƙayyade yiwuwar. Ana gane wannan ta hanyoyi biyu:
- Ana yin ruwan gishiri kuma a zuba tsaba a ciki, waɗanda suka yi sama za a iya jefar da su lafiya, sauran sun dace da girma.
- Tsaba germinate a kan damp zane, kuma da zaran hanci ya toho, ana dasa shi a cikin gilashi tare da ƙasa.
An riga an gwada irin da aka siyo daga kamfanoni masu daraja don yin ƙwaya kuma an ba su magani tare da abubuwan da ke ba da ƙaruwa, don haka bai kamata a jiƙa su ba.
Yadda ake shuka tsaba a ƙasa
An zuba ƙasa da aka shirya cikin kwantena kuma aka jiƙa ta amfani da ban ruwa na ƙasa. Bayan ruwa mai yawa ya bar saman ƙasa, ana yin ƙananan ramuka tare da zurfin kasa da 5 mm, yana da dacewa don yin wannan tare da mai mulki, don haka layuka sun juya daidai. Ana sanya tsaba a cikin ramuka tare da mataki na 2.5 cm kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa. 4 cm an bar tsakanin ramuka.
Bayan an shuka iri, sai a rufe kwantena da gilashi ko a sa a cikin leda. Wannan zai kare kasar daga bushewa da kuma samar da yanayin yanayin greenhouse tare da taimakon wanda zai harbe tumatir abokantaka.
Nutse
An nutsa tumatir lokacin da tsiron yayi faranti na gaskiya guda biyu... Saboda wannan, kasar gona tana da kyau a hankali kuma an cire dasa shi a hankali a lokaci guda kuma ana dasa shi a cikin wani akwati daban bisa ga tsarin tushen. Hanya mafi dacewa don yin hakan ita ce a gida ko cikin gida.
Lokacin yin ruwa, dole ne a dasa shuki da sauri kuma a hankali, ba tare da ficewa daga aikin ba, don kar a lalata shukar.
Kulawa
Carearin kulawa zai ƙunshi shayarwa, wanda ya zama na yau da kullunamma don hana toshewar ruwa daga kasa. Hakanan, yakamata tsire-tsire su tsaya a kan windowsill mai dumi da rana don kada a sami miƙaƙƙiyar harbe-harbe. Ana jujjuya shi sau ɗaya a mako a wurare daban-daban zuwa tushen haske saboda kada ya yi girma a tsallake.
Babu buƙatar hadi, tunda ƙasa ba ta tsufa cikin watanni 1.5. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko greenhouse, tsirrai a hankali sun saba da buɗe iska - ana aiwatar da hardening.
Kyakkyawan shuke-shuke suna da kamshi mai ƙarfi, koren ganye, faranti shida da tsayi bai wuce 15-20 cm ba.
Kuskuren girma
Babban kuskuren novice lambu lokacin da girma seedlings:
- Tsaba da aka zaɓa ba daidai ba
- Landasar mara kyau a cikin kwalaye don girma.
- Ba daidai zafin jiki da haske mara kyau.
- Ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai magani a cikin haske mara kyau.
Lokacin adanawa
Ba tare da ƙasa ba, ba a adana tsirrai na dogon lokaci, bai fi awanni biyu ba, idan har an lulluɓe su a cikin rigar rigar ba a ƙarƙashin hasken rana ba.
Kwanakin dasa tumatir
Tunda shukar tumatir bayan watanni 2 a shirye suke don dasawa a babban filin shuka, ana shuka shukar Kwana 60 tare da kwana biyar don shuka iri.
Shuka a cikin ƙasa
Idan wannan shine Krasnodar Territory na Rasha, to ana fara dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a farkon watan Mayu, kuma a cikin greenhouse zaka iya Makonni 2 da suka gabata.
Dangane da waɗannan sharuɗɗan, muna ƙidayar kwanaki 65 kuma muna samun kwanan wata:
- Don buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, dasa tsaba don shuka ya fara ne a ranar 25 ga Fabrairu kuma ba a baya ba saboda yana da wahala ga tsire-tsire masu girma su sami tushe a sabon wuri;
- Don gidajen bishiyoyi, sun fara shuka tsaba don shuka a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu.
Kuna buƙatar shuka a kan lokaci don samun shuke-shuke masu lafiya.
An shuka iri don shuki kafin 1 ga Afrilu, tunda idan daga baya kuka dasa bishiyar tumatir kawai don dalilai na ado, tumatir ɗin zai ɗaura a kansu, kuma ba zai sami lokacin da zai nuna ba. Wannan lokacin ya shafi musamman yankunan arewacin Rasha.
Yaushe zaku iya shuka iri don manyan-'ya'yan itace
Da farko dai, tumatir da tumatir sunan iri daya ne. Tumatir manya-manya suna girma sau da yawa ta hanyar dasa su a cikin wani greenhouse. Don shuka irin waɗannan tumatir, sun riga sun fara shuka iri a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Fabrairu.
Cutar daga saukowa da wuri
Seedsa plantedan da aka shuka da wuri, a sakamakon haka, ya seedlingsan tsire-tsire na tumatir mai tsayi, ba kawai tare da furanni ba, har ma da fruita fruitan fruita fruitan itace. Bayan dasa shuki a cikin babban wuri, irin waɗannan shukokin sunyi rashin lafiya na dogon lokaci kuma suna watsar da furanni da fruitsa fruitsan itace.
Wajibi ne don dasa tsaba a cikin takamaiman lokacin don samun ingantattun shukoki. Bin ka'idoji don shuka shukoki, zaku sami girbi mai kyau na tumatir na iri-iri da ake so.