Pear tsohuwar tuffa ce wacce aka samu ta hanyar canjin halitta. Itatuwan Apple na wannan nau'ikan suna da daraja tsakanin mazaunan bazara da kuma yan lambun mai son kyawawan kaddarorin apples, don juriya da sanyi da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
An rarraba bishiyoyin Apple na nau'ikan Grushovka a duk yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha. Amma idan kuna shirin dasa shuki, yana da kyau kuyi nazarin halaye na wannan nau'in 'ya'yan itace.
Bayanin apple iri-iri Grushovka
Tarihin kiwo
Bambance-bambancen Grushovka iri-iri ne na bishiyoyin apple waɗanda suka bayyana ta zaɓaɓɓen yanayi, wato, a zahiri. Wannan nau'ikan shine ɗayan tsofaffi, sama da shekaru 200. Ko da a cikin tsohuwar Rasha, akwai alamun waɗannan apples. A cikin 1797, itacen Grushovka apple ya bayyana dalla-dalla ta sanannen masanin kimiyya A.T. Bolotov a cikin aikin kimiyya.
Dangane da Grushovka ta tsallaka, an sami wasu nau'ikan itacen apple - Early Grushovka, Winter Grushovka, Moscow Grushovka.
Bayanin itacen apple
Bishiyoyi na nau'ikan Grushovka suna da halaye masu zuwa:
- Girman girma. Tsayin itacen yana da mita 6-7;
- Kambi, mai rassa tare da zagaye na zagaye, ƙananan bishiyoyi suna da kambi na dala;
- Itacen Apple Grushovka tsire-tsire ne madaidaiciya tare da nau'ikan alama na reshe, rassa ba tare da ƙaya ba;
- Haushi daga cikin rassan rawaya-lemu ne;
- Harbe-harbe na nau'in ciyayi suna da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa-ja;
- Harbe-harben nau'ikan haihuwa ko ringi suna cikin adadi masu yawa, launinsu yafi duhu fiye da manyan rassa;
- Ana shirya ganye a kan dogayen petioles, surar elliptical;
- Launin ruwan wukake ganye ne kore ko rawaya-kore;
- Ganyen ƙananan bishiyoyi suna da geɓe a farfajiya, a cikin manya, akwai ƙarancin laushin ganye ko samansu yana da santsi;
- A lokacin furannin, furanni tare da fentin ruwan hoda suna bayyana, bayan ɗan lokaci suna canza inuwarsu zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske ko fari.
Bayanin 'ya'yan itatuwa
A lokacin shan 'ya'yan itace,' ya'yan itatuwa suna bayyana akan bishiyoyin bishiyar Grushovka apple waɗanda ke da halaye masu zuwa:
- Riananan cikakke apples... Nauyin 'ya'yan itace guda daya a lokacinda ya fara daga 60 zuwa 80 gram. Matsakaicin nauyi yana tsakanin gram 100 zuwa 120;
- 'Ya'yan itacen suna zagaye cikin sifa tare da shimfida tsari;
- Fushen tuffa yana da launin rawaya-rawaya mai yawa tare da ratsi da yawa tare da launin ja ko ruwan hoda;
- Fatar tana da tsari mai kyau tare da danshi mai laushi. Akwai murfin kakin zuma na halitta a saman;
- 'Ya'yan itacen suna da ɓangaren litattafan almara mai laushi tare da babban juiciness, wanda ke da ƙanshi mai haske da ƙanshi.
Ana iya amfani da wannan nau'in don abincin abincin. Abincin kalori na apples yana da ƙasa - 47 kcal kawai a cikin gram 100.
Yankin girma
Bishiyoyin apple na Grushovka suna girma a duk yankuna na Rasha. Suna yaɗuwa a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- Duk yankuna da aka haɗa a cikin ɓangaren Turai na ƙasar Rasha;
- Ural;
- Yankunan yamma;
- Gabashin Siberia.
Bugu da kari, iri-iri suna girma a wasu kasashen CIS - a Belarus da Ukraine.
Yawan aiki da adana nau'ikan Moscow da na hunturu
Grushovka shine farkon iri-iri. Lokacin girbin amfanin gona yana farawa ne a ƙarshen watan Yuli da farkon watan Agusta. Itatuwan Apple na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 50-60. Lokacin 'ya'yan itace yana farawa daga shekaru 4 bayan dasa shuki. Amfanin da aka samu a shekarar farko ta 'ya'yan itace ya kai kilogiram 10, kuma idan bishiyar ta kai shekaru 15, to matakin yawan amfanin gona ya kai kilo 80-100 daga bishiya daya.
Beginsaunar Frua Fruan itacen zai fara a farkon watan Agusta... Lokacin ajiya na amfanin gona shine makonni 2-3.
Tunda nama da bawon Grushovka apples suna da tsari mai laushi, basu dace da jigilar kaya ba. Saboda wannan, ba a amfani da wannan nau'ikan don kasuwanci.
Pollinators na Pollin
Nau'in Grushovka yana da amfani da kai; don saitin seta polan itace, yin goge tare da pollen daga wasu nau'ikan ya zama dole. Don pollination na wannan iri-iri, zaku iya amfani da irin wannan pollinators kamar Antonovka, Papirovka, Anis Polosaty, Cinnamon, Bellefleur-Chinese.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Nau'in Grushovka yana da fa'idodi da yawa, waɗanda manyan su suka fi dacewa a nuna su:
- Bishiyoyi suna da tsananin sanyi kuma zai iya jure yanayin zafi kasa da digiri 50 a ma'aunin Celsius;
- Tsammani na tsawon rai har zuwa shekaru 50-60;
- Da 'ya'yan itace da wuri;
- Fitowar 'ya'yan itace cikakke;
- Babban aiki;
- Babban matakin kayan aiki masu amfani a cikin apples;
- Kuna iya yin kwalliya, adana, jams, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, da jam daga apples.
Baya ga fa'idodi, akwai kuma ɓangarorin marasa kyau:
- Bishiyoyi suna saukin kamuwa da cututtuka, kwari;
- Mai saukin kamuwa da yanayin yanayi;
- 'Ya'yan itace mara tsari;
- Yana da 'ya'yan itace mara kyau. A kan bishiya ɗaya, wasu fruitsa fruitsan fruitsa fruitsan itacen sun manyanta kuma sun faɗi, yayin da wasu kuma suka kasance kore;
- Short rayuwar rayuwa. Girbin da aka girbe zai yi ƙarya na aƙalla makonni 2-3;
- Ba a nufin safara.
Photo na cikakke apples
Da ke ƙasa akwai nau'ikan apples na Grushovka iri-iri:
Dokokin sauka
Abubuwan da suka dace da haɓaka suna da kyau, yashi da laushi.
Dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ana yinsa a ƙarshen ƙarshen Afrilu a farkon Mayu ko daga farkon kaka - Satumba-Oktoba.
Dokoki don dasa shuki:
- Ya kamata a yi ramuka tare da gangaren tudu. Girman ramuka dole ne ya zama faɗi 100 cm kuma zurfin 60 cm;
- Kwanaki 4 kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata a sanya gaurayawar taki a cikin ramuka. Kowane rami yana buƙatar cika shi da kilo 25 na humus;
- A cikin ramin da aka haƙa, ya kamata a yi baƙin ciki don rassan tushen ƙananan bishiyoyi;
- Dole ne a yi shuka tare da fegikuma, wanda aka dasa shukokin da aka dasa;
- Ya kamata a tura turaku daga gefen arewa;
- Bayan dasa shuki, itacen nan take ake shayar dashi. Seedaya daga cikin tsire-tsire yana buƙatar kimanin lita 30 na ruwa;
- Bayan shayarwa, ramuka suna mulched da humus da takin.
Dokokin kulawa
Umarnin kulawa:
- Don kyakkyawan ci gaban bishiya a lokacin farkon furannin, an yanke 85% na furanni, 50% na fruitsa fruitsan itacen suna cikin yanayin kore;
- Apple-bishiyoyi iri Grushovka kar a jure tsananin fari, saboda haka, ka tabbata ka shayar da su aƙalla sau 2-3 a mako. Kammalallen dakatar da shayarwa ya kamata a yi a ƙarshen watan Agusta da farkon Satumba, don itacen yana da lokaci don shirya lokacin hunturu;
Ana buƙatar takin gargajiya a karo na biyu. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwarsa, zaku iya sassautawa da ruwa koyaushe.
- A lokacin bazara, ya kamata a zuba rubabben taki ko humus a cikin ƙasa don takin bishiyoyi. Don murabba'in mita 1 kilogram 8-12. Don takin mai ma'adinai, ana amfani da gram 400-600 na urea;
- A cikin kaka, dole ne a ciyar da bishiyoyi tare da cakuda taki mai rikitarwa. "Kemira ta lulluɓe". Don 1 sq. mita zai buƙaci gram 30-40;
- A cikin kaka, don haɓaka ƙarancin hunturu na itacen, ana yin mulching tare da taki na doki, kaurin Layer ya zama 5 cm;
- Don yin akwati madaidaiciya da tsari, an gyara bishiyar shekara guda bayan dasa shuki. A lokacin yankewa, an datse manyan rassa zuwa kashi na uku. An taƙaita gangar jikin ta tsawon cm 30-40. Ana yin ƙarin yankan kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Yana da mahimmanci a farar da bishiyoyi a ƙarshen kaka. Wannan zai kare bishiyoyin apple daga rauni ta lichen, gansakuka, da kuma lalata kwari da yawan kwayoyin cuta a cikin haushi.
Shawarwarin fata:
- Kafin fara fararen fata, duk fasa da ramuka da dama a ƙushin itacen dole ne a rufe shi da farar lambu;
- Don fararen fata, kuna buƙatar shirya bayani, wanda ya kamata ya ƙunshi kilogram 2 na sauri, lita 6 na ruwa da kilogram 1 na yumbu mai mai. Duk abubuwanda aka hade sune, hada dan madarar ruwa kadan domin farin farin ya manne akan itace sosai;
- Yakamata ayi farin fata daga bishiyoyi a watan Nuwamba, bayan ƙarshen damina%
- Fuskar akwati da cokula masu yatsotsi, waɗanda sune ginshiƙan manyan rassa, sun yi fari.
Kula da kwaro
Don kauce wa lalacewar itacen apple, kowace shekara a lokacin kaka, dole ne a tsabtace gonar gaba ɗaya daga tsofaffin ganye, masu sa kai. Yana da mahimmanci a tono dukkan farfajiyar da'irar akwatin, kuma kuma bi da dukkan raunuka tare da hanyoyi na musamman, misali, varnish na lambu.
Idan bishiyoyi sun riga sun sami raunin ɓarna, to suna buƙatar a bi da su tare da cakuda Bordeaux tare da maganin 1-3%. Lokacin shirya wannan cakuda, ya zama dole a haɗa maganin jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe da lemun tsami.
A yayin shirye-shiryen maganin 1, yakamata a zubar gram 100 na jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da gram 120 na sauri da sauri a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Da farko, dole ne a tsarke sulfate na jan ƙarfe a cikin lita 1 na ruwan zãfi... Sannan a hankali zuba lita 5 na ruwan sanyi a cikin wannan hadin.
Lemun tsami kuma ana buƙatar diluted shi a cikin lita 1 na ruwan zãfi. Sannan an zuba lita 5 na ruwan sanyi a cikin wannan maganin. Dukkanin mafita ana tace su daban-daban ta cikin kayan gauze. Na gaba, an zuba maganin jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe a cikin ruwan lemun tsami. Komai ya cakude. Dole ne a bi da bishiyoyi tare da wannan cakuda a ɓangarorin biyu.
Yakamata ayi feshin bishiyoyi yayin hutun toho. Za'a iya yin magani na biyu bayan duk furanni sun faɗi.
Sauran hanyoyin zasu taimaka wajen kawar da cututtukan fata. Mafi inganci sune "Strobi" da "Speed". Ya kamata a kula da itacen Apple tare da Strobi a farkon bazara, da Skor a kaka. Dukkanin kwayoyi an shafe su iri daya - 1 ampoule a lita 10 na ruwa.
Binciken lambu
Olga: “Itacen apple na nau’in Grushovka ya dade yana girma a cikin lambu na. Wannan iri-iri ne farkon. Na debo 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke a farkon watan Agusta. Duk da cewa tuffa ba su da yawa a girmansu, suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Idan cikakke suka cika, sai su zama laka kore da rawaya mai yawan launin ja ko ruwan hoda. Tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara fari ne. Koyaya, ba su daɗe sosai. "
Elena: “Ina da bishiyun Grushovka da yawa a shafin na. Sun kai kimanin shekaru 15. Na sami babban girbi, Ina tara buhu apples har 3 daga kowace itaciya. Lokacin girbin yana farawa a farkon watan Agusta. Cikakken apples suna da kyakkyawar dandano da babban juiciness. Koyaya, rayuwar shiryayye kawai ba ta da tsawo, makonni 3 kawai. "
Alexander: “Muna da itacen apple daya na Grushovka iri-iri da ke girma a gonar mu. Ya kusan shekara 20. Lokacin kammalawa yayi da wuri. Mun riga mun ɗauki cikakke apples a farkon watan Agusta. Launi na 'ya'yan itacen cikakke kore ne mai haske tare da jan ja da yawa. Suna da ɗanɗano daɗi - mai daɗi, mai daɗi da ɗanɗano. "
Itacen apple na Grushovka wani tsohon iri ne wanda ke da ƙimar gaske. Bishiyoyi suna da tushe sosai a cikin yanki tare da kowane yanayi, kuma suna jure tsananin sanyi. Apples ɗin da suka daɗe suna da dandano mai kyau da fa'idodin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, kusan kowace shekara zaka iya samun babban matakin girbi.