Akwai nau'ikan Cherry plum da yawa a duniya, waɗanda suka bambanta da girman da yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa, lokacin girmar, da kuma wasu halaye masu yawa. Ofayan mafi kyawun su shine Kuban comet cherry plum iri-iri,za'a iya samun bayanin ta a ƙasa.
Tarihin ceri plum kiwo Kuban comet
Nau'in wakokin Kuban an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar G.V. Eremina da S.N. Zabrodina a tashar kiwo ta gwaji na kwalejin binciken kimiya na masana'antar tsire-tsire mai suna N.I. Vavilov. An haife shi ne saboda ƙetare Skoroplodnaya plum da ceri plum Pionerka... Da farko, a cikin 1977, an ɗauki wannan nau'in don gwajin ƙasa. Kuma bayan shekaru 10 an shigar da shi cikin Rijistar Jihohi na yankin Arewa maso Yamma, Earthasar Baki ta Tsakiya, Arewacin Caucasus da Volananan Volga.
Halaye na itacen da fruitsa fruitsan itacen, bayanin ire-iren, pollinator
Bishiyoyin wannan nau'ikan ba su da yawa, a matsayin doka, ba su fi mita 3 ba kuma suna da siffa ta yadda za su zama kamar shrub. Bishiyoyin suna da launin toka-toka kuma suna da gajerun rassa. Ganyen ganye masu sheki ne ba balaga ba. Furen furanni na iya zama ƙarami zuwa matsakaici a cikin girma tare da fararen fata.
'Ya'yan itacen da yawa. Matsakaicin nauyin su kusan gram 45 ne.... Su masu zagaye ne. Fatar kan 'ya'yan itacen, kodayake sirara ce, amma mai yawa, kuma tana da ɗan ruɓe mai laushi. Lokacin da fruitsa fruitsan itacen suka fara nunawa, da farko sun zama rawaya-ja, wanda a hankali yake zama burgundy. Tsaba na iya zama ƙarami ko matsakaici. Thean ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da launin rawaya kuma yana da daidaiton fibrous. Yana da m, tare da kyakkyawan rabo na sukari da acidity, saboda abin da yake da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano-mai kama da apricot.
'Ya'yan itacen da ba su daɗe ba ba sa faɗuwa na dogon lokaci, kuma suna da kyakkyawar zirga-zirga. Idan basu sami launin burgundy da ake buƙata akan bishiyar ba, to zasu samo shi a cikin ajiya. Zaka iya ajiye su a cikin firiji na kimanin kwanaki 25.
Bambancin wannan itaciyar yana da tsayayyen sanyi, zai iya jure yanayin sanyi har zuwa digiri 30... Amma juriya ta sanyi na furannin fure yana ƙasa da matsakaici, amma koda lokacin da suke sanyi sosai, girbi zai kasance mai kyau. Har ila yau, furannin suna tsira da sanyi a lokacin sanyi.
Wannan bishiyar ba ta da ƙa'ida ga ƙasa kuma tana iya daidaitawa a yankuna daban-daban daga Transcaucasia zuwa Yankin -asashen Baƙar fata da Kudancin Urals, Kudu, Primorye. Amma duk da haka, yumbu da ƙasa mara kyau ba su dace da ita ba.
Ba a buƙatar mai yin zaɓe don baƙon Kuban, tun wannan iri-iri yana da ingancin haihuwa ba kasafai ba don ceri plum, amma don inganta haihuwa a kusa da su, zai zama da amfani a shuka wasu nau'ikan cherry plum ko plum na kasar Sin. Misali, kamar su Mara, Matafiya, Red Ball da sauransu.
Ripening da kuma girbi sharuddan
Saplings suna ba da fruita veryan da wuri, shekaru 2 ko 3 bayan dasa shuki... Sun fara fure a ƙarshen watan Afrilu, kuma a tsakiyar watan Yuli - farkon watan Agusta, fruitsa fruitsan itacen sun riga sun bayyana.
Bishiyoyi suna ba da fruitsa fruitsa da yawa kowace shekara. Misali, daga ƙaramin itace zaka iya tattara kusan kilo 10, kuma daga babba game da kilogiram 50.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Nau'in wakokin Kuban yana da fa'idodi, ga wasu daga cikinsu:
- manyan fruitsa fruitsan itace,
- yawan amfanin ƙasa,
- farkon balaga,
- juriya sanyi,
- m haihuwa,
- jure cuta,
- idan fruitsa fruitsan itacen yayi girma, har yanzu basu daɗewa na dogon lokaci kuma basa fasawa,
- 'ya'yan itacen suna da daɗi.
Amma nau'ikan ba cikakke bane, shima yana da nasa raunin:
- kashin yana da rabe sosai daga ɓangaren litattafan almara,
- don tabbatar da girman thea theyan itacen, suna buƙatar a yanke su, a ba su ƙarin sarari, kusa da juna,
- 'ya'yan itatuwa ba su da kyau.
Dokokin sauka
An dasa bishiyoyi irin wannan a farkon bazara ko farkon kaka.... Da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar tsire-tsire masu dacewa. Zai fi kyau a zaɓi su tare da rufaffiyar tushen tsarin.
Kyakkyawan seedling yana da halaye masu zuwa:
- tsawo daga mita 1 zuwa 1.20,
- tushen ya kunshi kanana da yawa, masu rassa sosai,
- akwai kumbura koda
- haushi ya kamata ya zama mai lalacewa, tabo da alamun kwari,
- ya zama dole cewa yanke yana da ruwa, rawaya-kore.
Lokacin da aka zaɓi seedling, an ƙaddara shi tare da wurin shuka.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi zai zama makirci a gefen kudu. Wakar Kuban ba ta son inuwa, zane da iska mai ƙarfi. Yana da kyau a dasa ta inda zata sami matsuguni a cikin hanyar bango.
Alycha zai so ƙasa mai yashi da ɗan kaɗan mai ƙanshi. Zai zama mai hikima a gauraya kasar shuka da humus (kilogiram 12), superphosphate (gram 250) da potassium sulfide (gram 50). Ana buƙatar rami dasa 80x80x80 cm.
Matakan shuka:
- An zuba bitan ƙasa kaɗan a cikin ramin a cikin ɗan ƙaramin tudu.
- Saka sandar katako.
- An sanya abin wuya na tushen daga 6 cm mafi girma daga ƙasa.
- Ulla duniya.
- An ɗora ɗanyen a kan sanda ɗaya.
- Yayyafa da ruwa biyu ko 3.
- A karshen, an zubar da kwakwalwan a saman.
Dangane da dasa bishiyoyi da yawa, kuna buƙatar biye da tazarar mita uku tsakanin su.
Kula da Kuban comet
Wannan iri-iri yana matukar kaunar danshi, saboda haka dole ne a cigaba da shayar dashi a lokacin girma. Suna yin hakan a watan Yuni, Yuli da Satumba. Itace daya tana bukatar ruwa har lita 40. Bayan an sha ruwa, a tabbatar an kara shavings.
Itace take yanka ko kuma taqaita duk shekara sai a sa mata kambi. Mafi sau da yawa suna yin sifa ko sifa mai siffa.
Babban pruning anyi shi a bazara.... A wannan lokacin, an kafa kambi kuma an datse daskararrun da lalatattun rassan. A cikin kaka, an yanke rassan, bushewa, sagging da cuta. Ana gudanar da yankan lokacin rani idan ya zama dole, yayin yanke samarin da ke girma a cikin rawanin.
Dole ne comet din Kuban ya zama mai haduwa kowace shekara... Banda banbanci shine shekara ta farko bayan dasa bishiya, idan an dasa ta a cikin ƙasa mai ciyawa.
Takin yana faruwa kamar haka:
- a cikin kaka zuba humus a farashin rabin guga a kowane murabba'in mita 1,
- bayan bishiyar ta dushe, kara gram 40 na urea a kowace murabba'in mita,
- bayan 'ya'yan itace hada da potassium sulfate, gram 30 a kowace murabba'in mita 1.
Dole ne a rufe bishiyar matashiya, a cikin shekarun farko na rayuwarta, don hunturu, misali, tare da burlap.
An haramta yin mafaka tare da polyethylene. Bai kamata ku sanya waƙoƙin Kuban tare da ciyawa ko bambaro ba, saboda beraye na iya zama a wurin.
Cututtuka da kwari
Tauraron waka na Kuban yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka kuma idan aka kula dashi da kyau kuma aka kula dashi akan lokaci, babu matsala. Matsalar ita ce kwari da cututtuka daga bishiyoyin maƙwabta suna matsawa zuwa gare shi. Wannan nau'ikan yana shafar nau'ikan cututtuka iri ɗaya kamar ɗumbin jini.:
- launin toka,
- launin ruwan kasa,
- tsatsa,
- yawo danko.
Ruwan toka
Botrytis naman gwari yana haifar da lalacewar toka. Asalin haihuwar kamuwa da cuta shine sclerotia da conidia, waɗanda suke cikin ƙasa kuma suna dasa tarkace.... A yayin da cutar ta shafi tauraron dan adam na Kuban, rassan sun fara bushewa kuma launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a kansu, kuma kananan tsire-tsire masu launin toka sun bayyana a kan bawo da 'ya'yan itatuwa. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari fara rot.
Don lalata ruɓaɓɓen launin toka, ana fesa bishiyoyi da jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da Nitrofen kafin fure, waɗanda suke buƙatar a kula da su da itace da ƙasa. Hakanan kuma bayan fure, ana amfani da Kaptan da Kuprozan.
Don hana cutar, ya kamata a fesa bishiyoyi da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen a farkon bazara:
- 1% burgundy ruwa
- bur na hannu don 'ya'yan itatuwa da abin ya shafa,
- farin wanki
Brown tabo
Raunin launin ruwan kasa, ko kuma ana kiran sa ganye, shima cuta ce ta fungal. Wani lokaci saboda shi, kusan 50% na amfanin gona na iya mutuwa.... Wannan cutar tana tattare ne da bayyanar akan ganyen launuka masu launin ruwan kasa tare da kan iyaka mai duhu, waɗanda suke da ɗigon baki a tsakiyar. Bayan lokaci, ganye ya bushe ya fado.
Dole ne a kula da bishiyoyi akan launin ruwan kasa tare da 1% burgundy bayani da zarar buds sun fara fure kuma tare da jan karfe chloride makonni 2 ko 3 bayan sun yi fure.
Hanyoyin kariya don taimakawa hana rashin lafiya sune kamar haka:
- kana buƙatar cire rassan da suka lalace,
- kafin buds su yi furanni, kuna buƙatar fesa itacen da ƙasa tare da 1% sulfate na ƙarfe.
Tsatsa
Wani nau'in cututtukan fungal shine tsatsa. A cikin wannan cutar, wuraren tsattsauran tsattsauran ra'ayi sun bayyana akan ganyen, wanda ƙarshe ya zama gammayen duhu.... Itace ake kula da tsatsa a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli. Kuna iya amfani da Aktofit. An yayyafa bishiyoyin da shi sau 2 tare da tazarar makonni 2-3.
Don hana tsatsa daga afkawa cikin tauraron Kuban, dole ne a ɗauki matakan rigakafi:
- 3% maganin carbamide ana fesawa akan bishiyar a farkon bazara,
- lokacin da ganyayen suka faɗi, sai a ɗorashi a ƙone.
Ciwon gumis
Yana da haɗari saboda yana iya rage gudu ko dakatar da haɓakar bishiya, kuma kan lokaci, har ma ya lalata shi.
Gum far ba cuta ba ce ta fungal. Zai iya zama dalilai da yawa don faruwar sa. Ga wadanda suka fi kowa:
- mawuyacin yanayin hunturu, saboda abin da itacen ya daskarewa,
- konewar da aka karɓa daga rana,
- kuskuren pruning, saboda abin da itacen ya lalace,
- inji lalacewar haushi,
- ya cika girma aikace-aikacen taki da kuma shayarwa,
- kamuwa da itace haushi irin ƙwaro.
Lokacin da kake bincika bishiya, zaka ga gumis (fitowar amber resin) akan rassanta, wannan yana nuna cewa wannan itace ta kamu da wannan cutar. Kuna iya kula da Kuban comet daga wannan cuta a duk tsawon lokacin.... Bayan pruning, tabbatar da amfani da petrolatum zuwa sassan. Kuma kuma yanke tsirewar ɗanko. Wurin da suka kasance an kashe shi da maganin 1% na jan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe kuma an rufe shi da ƙirar Negrol.
Don haka ba lallai ne ku yi ma'amala da magudanar ruwa na dogon lokaci ba, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar irin waɗannan matakan rigakafin:
- acidity na ƙasa ya zama tsaka tsaki,
- tsananin biyayya ga lokacin hadi,
- guji yin ruwa.
Daga cikin kwari da ke son cin riba daga tauraron dan wasan Kuban, wanda aka fi sani:
- itacen marmari,
- yamma unpaired haushi irin ƙwaro,
- saukar silkworm,
- asu.
'Ya'yan itacen itace
A yanayin idan akwai ɗanɗano na ɗanɗano a kan bishiyar, kuma ana ganin hanyoyin kwance masu faɗin diamita daga 1 zuwa 2 milimita a kan rassan da gangar jikin, yana nufin cewa itacen ɗan itace ɗin ya zauna a kan bishiyar.
Kafin lokacin kwan kwan, mata na cin kyallen takarda a gindin kodan. Lokacin da tsutsa ta bayyana, sai su cinye bawon da saiwoyin. Don halakar da waɗannan kwari, ana fesa itacen a ƙarshen flowering.... Ana gudanar da jiyya sau 2 tare da tazarar kwanaki 14.
Don kada itacen 'ya'yan itace mai doesawooda ya fadi akan bishiyar, kuna buƙatar ganin busassun rassan kuma nan da nan ƙone sub. An tsabtace bawon daga gansakuka da icen, kuma itacen an yi masa wankan farin.
Yammacin Turai wanda ba a gyara ba bawon ƙwaro
Karka damu da cin bawon, harma da itaciyar wannan bishiyar da yamma ba a gyara ba. Beetles sa ƙwai da larvae, kuma bayan sun kyankyashe, suna tsotse ruwan daga bishiyar. Wajibi ne a sarrafa bishiyar lokacin da kwari suka fita daga ƙarƙashin bawon. Don sa su mutu, ya fi kyau a jika haushi da Dichlorvos ko Chlorophos.
Hanyoyin kariya daga bayyanar wadannan kwari sune kamar haka:
- an sare rassan da abin ya shafa aka kone,
- idan bishiyar ta kamu da cutar ta wannan kwari, zai fi kyau a tumɓuke shi a ƙone shi,
- kafin itacen ya fara fure, dole ne a sha shi da Trichlorol-5.
Silasa silkworm
Tana cutar da ganyen tauraron mawaki Kuban, kuma ana iya samun cobwebs da cocoons a cikin rawanin. Ana fesa itacen daga wannan kwari a lokacin shukar. Maganin Virin-ENZH zai taimaka tare da wannan. Hakanan kuna buƙatar tattara ƙwaro da kwakwa da hannu, bayan an kona su ko an binne su a cikin rami, ba ƙasa da rabin mita ba.
Don hana bayyanar silkworm ɗin ƙasa, kuna buƙata fesa shi da Nitrofen tun ma kafin kumburin ya bayyana.
Ma ma ita Fruan itace
Wani kwaro mai hatsari shine asu, wanda ke kafa ƙwai a saman haushi ko 'ya'yan itatuwa. Kwarin kwari na wannan kwari sun shiga cikin 'ya'yan itacen, sun zama masu daddawa kuma sun fadi. Wajibi ne a sarrafa bishiyar daga asu bayan kwana 20 bayan ta dushe... Ana yin aikin feshi sau 3 tare da tazarar kwanaki 12, tare da irin shirye-shiryen kamar Avant, Rogor-S, Fosban da Ditox.
Don hana ci gaba da yaduwar asu, a lokacin bazara, suna tsabtace bawon kwari da koko, tattara fruitsa fruitsan da suka faɗi, kuma suna amfani da bel.
Idan kun kula da kyau ga tauraron Kuban, to babu shakka itace zata kawo kyakkyawan girbi kuma ta girma cikin ƙoshin lafiya da kyau, kuma dukkan dangin zasu iya more 'ya'yan itacen ta masu dadi.