'Ya'yan inabi na Lydia sun sami ƙaunar giya masu shayarwa don dandano na musamman, saukin noma da kulawa da iya amfani da su. Ana amfani da wannan nau'ikan inabin don yin giya mai kyau tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano, cinye sabo, mataccen ruwan 'ya'yan itace da dafaffun dahuwa. Kuma banda lidia, ana iya samun ruwan inabi daga kyawawan iri - Chardonnay da Cabernet Sauvignon.
Bayani da halaye na nau'in innabi na Lydia
Bari mu fara da bayanin nau'in. Wannan nau'ikan ya bayyana ne saboda kokarin masu kiwo wadanda suka girke nau'ikan Vitis Vinifera, masu tsayayya ga cututtukan fungal, a kan innabin daji na Vitis labrusca. A sakamakon haka, sabon nau'in inabi ya bayyana, wanda nan da nan ya sami karbuwa a Turai, Transcaucasia.
Inabi yana da tsayayya ga yanayin zafi kamar ƙasa da -20 digiri kuma yana da ƙarfin rigakafi ga cututtukan fungal. Yana nufin tsakiyar kakar iri. Lokacin narkar da Frua Fruan itace kwanaki 155-158. Gandun daji yana girma da yawa, itacen inabi mai haske ne. Ganyayyaki kore ne, an yankasu kadan, an rufe su da haske wanda aka saukar a gefen baya. Daji yana da kashi 82% na harbe-harbe, yana ba da gungu 2. Matureananan goge goge, nauyin kowane burushi 100-110 grams.
Siffar buroshi na silinda ne, ƙarfinsa ya kwance. 'Ya'yan itacen berry suna da ruwan hoda-shunayya cikin launi, suna da sifa mai-oval. Nauyin kowane Berry daga 3 zuwa 4 gram. 'Ya'yan itace suna da kyawawan halaye masu ƙanshi na wannan nau'ikan. 'Ya'yan' ya'yan itace suna ɗanɗano mai daɗi tare da ɗanɗano na strawberry. Fata ya kafe. Ya ƙunshi 18-19% sukari.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani
Abubuwan fa'idodi na wannan nau'ikan sune:
- babban yawan amfanin ƙasa - centents 120 a kowace kadada;
- cin gashin kai;
- babban rigakafi ga cututtuka;
- dukiyar juriya sanyi;
- berries suna da tsayayya ga babban zafi;
- abin hawa
- amfani ga jikin mutum.
Daga cikin rashin dacewar nau'ikan sune:
- rashin kariya daga lalacewa ta hanyar phylloxera;
- a cikin ƙananan ƙarfe a cikin ƙasa, chlorosis yana tasowa;
- yana buƙatar bi da tsunkule;
- a yanayin rashin girbi na lokaci, mai saurin zubar
- cutar da jiki saboda shirya giya mara kyau.
A cikin ƙasashen Turai, an hana samar da ruwan inabi daga wannan nau'in. Idan ba a bin tsarin aikin ferment ba, 'ya'yan itacen suna fitar da abubuwa masu cutarwa, ƙarƙashin rinjayar abin da cutar sclerosis da yawa ke tasowa!
Fasali masu girma
Wurin da za a shuka wannan nau'in innabi ya kamata ya kasance a gefen rana, a haskaka ta hanyar haskoki daga dukkan wurare. Dole ne a kiyaye gonar inabin daga iska, kamar yadda ɗaurin 'ya'yan itacen da ke kan goga ba shi da ƙarfi kuma iska mai ƙarfi da iska za ta iya girgiza ƙarancin' ya'yan itacen. Forasa don ci gaba ya kamata ya zama mai kyau ga iska da danshi. Koyaya, faruwar ruwan karkashin ƙasa dole ne ya kasance aƙalla mita 1.5 daga saman ƙasa. Girma sosai a kan chernozem da loamy ƙasa.
Ana iya yin dasa shuki a cikin bazara da kaka. Kaka ta fi dacewa, tunda zaɓin kayan dasawa a kaka ya fi yawa, duk da haka, ana samun saukin shuke-shuke a lokacin hunturu. Dasa shuki na bazara zai ba da damar shukokin su girma da ƙarfi kuma su sami ƙarfi don hunturu.
Dole ne a shirya ramuka don dasa inabi a gaba, tunda dole ne su tsaya na makonni da yawa. Idan dasa shuki bazara ne, to za'a iya shirya ramuka a lokacin bazara. Wajibi ne a haƙa rami tare da diamita 90 cm da zurfin cm 90. Zaɓi ƙasa daga ramin kuma zuba kumbura mai yumɓu a ƙasa, ƙirƙirar layin magudanar ruwa. Don inganta ƙasa don inabi, dole ne a ƙara ta:
- yashi yashi (idan ya zama dole);
- humus;
- toka;
- potassium;
- phosphorus;
- baƙin ƙarfe.
Haɗa dukkan abubuwan haɗin da kyau tare da ƙasa, cika ramuka kuma bar har zuwa bazara. A lokacin shuki, ƙasa za ta sami lokacin da za ta zauna da kyau.
An binne tsiron a cikin ƙasa har zuwa abin wuya. Ya kamata ya tsaya a farfajiya. An taka ƙasa sosai, an shayar da ita sosai kuma an mulmula ta. Bambaro, sawdust ko allurar Pine suna aiki da kyau don mulching.
Ana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai a farkon watanni. Lydia na son danshi, amma bazai zama mai tsayawa ba. Bayan shayarwa, ya zama dole a sassauta kasar da kyau.
Kulawar innabi
Ofaya daga cikin ayyukan don kula da inabi shine bin. Wannan aikin ya ƙunshi cire ɓangaren sama na harbe har zuwa 30 cm, tare da ganye 6-8 a kansu waɗanda basu riga sun haɓaka ba. Minting ya zama dole don:
- tabbatar da kyakkyawan shigar haske da iska zuwa cikin dazuzzuka, don haka rage barazanar cututtuka;
- sake rarraba kayan abinci daga tsari zuwa 'ya'yan itace;
- hanzarta nunanniyar inabi da 'ya'yan itace;
- kara yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- dakatar da ci gaban matasa harbe.
Ga nau'ikan Lydia, mafi kyawun lokacin hawan gwal shine Agusta.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa a lokacin narkar da daji a cikin daji akwai tsari na halitta na ɓata ci gaban a cikin harbe-harbe.
Kurakurai a cikin harkar
Kuskure mafi yawan gaske yayin yin minting:
- Bi, aiwatar da shi a gaban lokaci, a matakin harbi ci gaba yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa rarar rarraba abubuwan gina jiki yana faruwa. Sabbin harbe-harbe sun fara bayyana waɗanda suke buƙatar katsewa, saboda wannan zai ƙara ɗaukar kaya akan daji. A wannan yanayin, itacen inabi ba zai sami cikakken ƙarfin ba, wanda zai shafi tasirin hunturu na shuka.
Wani mummunan sakamakon da aka fara amfani da shi shine farkawar 'ya'yan itacen marmari har zuwa girbi na gaba. Maimakon shirya lokacin hunturu, sai suka fara fure.
- Biɗan aiwatarwa daga baya fiye da lokacin da ake buƙata ba zai sami sakamako ba, tunda daji zai jimre da aikin sake raba kayan abinci a karan kansa a wannan lokacin, yana dakatar da aikin narkar da sabbin harbe-harbe.
- Neman bai cika ba lokacin da ba a cire 30 cm na inabi da ganye ba zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa ganyayyaki na ci gaba da haɓaka da ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Hanyar dasawa mafi sauki kuma mafi mahimmanci ita ce shuka tsirrai. Koyaya, idan kuna da tarin tsohuwar daji, zai fi kyau ayi alurar riga kafi. Don yin alurar riga kafi, da farko dole ne a shirya yankan ta hanyar yanke shi daga harbin wani daji na wannan nau'in, a bar idanu 3 a kai.
Har zuwa lokacin bazara, ana ajiye kara a cikin yashi. Yawan zafin jiki a wurin adana kada ya wuce digiri + 12. Kafin daskarewa, ya zama dole a yanke ƙananan ɓangaren yankan. Dole ne a kulle ɓangaren na sama tare da paraffin don ƙwanƙwasa ya rasa ƙarancin danshi kuma zai iya sauƙaƙa saurin canje-canjen yanayi. Dole ne beanƙasa ya kasance cikin ruwan motsa jiki.
An shirya samfurin ta cire tsohuwar daji, yana barin ɗan guntun dunƙuƙi na 5-8 cm.
Kuna iya raba kayan kawai bayan an tsabtace wurin da aka yanke kuma an cire duk tarkace. Ana yin ragi a tsakiya, kuma ana saka yankan a cikin ramin tare da ɓangaren da aka yanke. Ana ɗora sandar da sandar. Dole ne a tsaurara wurin yin allurar tare da kwayoyin halitta, wanda zai lalata cikin shekara guda. Don kiyaye danshi ya fi tsayi, ya zama dole a rufe shafin daka da yumbu a sha ruwa sosai. Tona sama da ciyawar ƙasar a kusa.
Cututtuka da kwari
'Ya'yan inabi na Lydia suna da saukin kamuwa da irin waɗannan cututtukan:
- anthracosis - cututtukan fungal, wanda ya bayyana ta bayyanar da tabon baƙi akan ganye, inabi, harbe. Wannan cuta tana lalata inabin. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta hanyar ƙasa da tsaba. Don dalilai na rigakafi, an cire wuraren da aka lalata kuma a ƙone su. Ana magance itacen inabi da ruwan Bordeaux;
- launin toka-toka - cutar fungal da ke shafar dukan inabin. Hakan na faruwa ne sakamakon rashin isashshen iska a lokacin dasa shuka, ko kuma tare da yawan ɗimbin yanayi. Lokacin kamuwa, ana bada shawara don magance daji tare da Ronilan.
Kwarowar Lydia iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- mite gizo-gizo - yana lalata ganye kuma yana haifar da faɗuwa. An ba da shawarar don yayyafa bushes da ƙasa tare da shiri "DNOC";
- mirgine ganye - wani kwari wanda yake cin 'ya'yan itace da ganyaye, sakamakon haka' ya'yan itacen suke rubewa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Idan aka gano, ana kula da ƙasa da daji tare da magani "DNOC";
- sarfaraz - kwaro mai cutar da asalin shukar, wani lokacin kuma ganyen. Don magance wannan kwarin, magani tare da Confidora ya zama dole. Rufe ƙasa a kewayen daji da yashi mai kyau.
Nau'in inabin Lydia ya shahara sosai a kudancin Ukraine, Russia da Moldova. An ƙaunace shi saboda sauƙin kulawa, kyakkyawan dandano da kyan gani na ado. Yi ƙoƙari don haɓaka wannan nau'ikan akan rukunin yanar gizon ku, kuma za a wadata ku da kyakkyawan giya, kyawawan kayan motsa jiki, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da jam. Hakanan zaka iya kula da baƙinka ga unchanyun uncha ofan inabi masu ɗanɗano.