Wataƙila ba ku san sababbin nau'ikan farin kabeji ba - don haka da yawa daga cikinsu sun bayyana kwanan nan, tsofaffi, waɗanda aka tabbatar suna buƙatar a san su. An noma nau'ikan Nadezhda na dogon lokaci kuma cikin nasara daga mazauna rani, manoma da manyan kamfanonin noma. Ta yin amfani da daidaitaccen fasaha, ana samun shugabannin kabeji na mafi kyau duka, girma, tare da babban abun ciki na microelements masu amfani.
Bayani da halaye na iri-iri
Tsaka-tsakin tsire-tsire, ya fara tsawon kwanaki 110-130 daga fitowar harbe-harbe. Ana iya shuka shi a duk yankuna na Tarayyar Rasha ban da yankin arewacin., wanda ya hada da Karelia, Murmansk da yankunan Arkhangelsk, Jamhuriyar Komi.
Dalilin shine na duniya:
- Ickaukar
- Salatin.
- Abincin dafuwa da aka shirya tare da magani mai zafi.
Babban halaye na iri-iri:
- daidaitaccen girman kai 3.5 kg.
- Yawan da aka ayyana daga 10 kg / m² zuwa 14 kg / m². Tsarin sauka 0.6 * 0.6 m.
- Zoben-zagayen kawunan kabeji na launin kore mai duhu suna da ɗan guntun kututture a ciki da rufin kakin zuma a saman ganye.
Rosette matsakaici ne a diamita - cm 70. Tsarin kai yana da yawa, ba mai saurin fashewa bane. Kuna iya shuka kabejin Nadezhda ta shuka iri kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa ko ta hanyar tsirrai. Seedlings suna shirye don dasawa yana da shekaru 25-30 daga shukar.
Ab Adbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani daga nau'ikan
Don tsabta, ana taƙaita duk fa'idodi da rashin amfanin nau'ikan a cikin tebur.
Abvantbuwan amfani | rashin amfani |
yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da ƙarfi koyaushe | na iya fama da cutar bacteriosis |
kyakkyawan zirga-zirga | buga da keel |
gabatarwa, dandano mai kyau | |
baya fasawa | |
ingantaccen kayan abu don ferment | |
ƙananan mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka | |
juriya ga flowering | |
za'a iya girma a kowane yanki | |
adana don aƙalla watanni 5 |
Shuka shukoki
Don samun girbi na girman da aka ayyana a watan Agusta-Satumba, ana shuka iri a cikin Afrilu. Shirya akwatunan seedling a kaka. Don ƙara musu mai, haɗuwa daidai gwargwado:
- yashi;
- peat;
- ƙasa daga gonar.
Tabbatar da cutar ƙasar da aka shirya da kanka. Maganin ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate ya dace. Shuka tsaba kabeji zuwa zurfin cm 1.5. Kiyaye akwatunan cikin haske da dumi har sai sun tsiro. Lokacin da tsaba suka kyankyashe, sai ka rage zafin (10-15 ° C) ka haskaka shi.
Karbawa yana taimakawa wajen samun tsire-tsire masu karfi - dasa shukoki tare da ganye 2-3 zuwa kaset daban ko manyan kwalaye.
A cikin greenhouses da polycarbonate greenhouses, ya fi sauƙi don kula da tsarin mulki mafi kyau don ci gaban seedlings.
Yanayin girma na wannan iri-iri
Lokacin zabar wuri, yi la’akari da abubuwa da dama wadanda kai tsaye suke shafar ingancin dandano, girma da tsarin kawunan. Ingancin amfanin gona ya rinjayi:
- Haske.
- Juyawa
- Acid.
- Haihuwa.
- Ingancin noman ƙasa.
Inuwa, inuwa m ban da. Yakamata rana ta haskaka gadajen duk rana. In ba haka ba, kawunan kabeji za su zama sako-sako da, yawan nitrates zai taru a cikinsu. 'Ya'yan itacen da aka shuka a cikin inuwar ba su da adana sosai. Ga lafiyar kabeji, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye juyawar amfanin gona. Shuka bayan kankana, takaddar kore da dare.
A iri-iri ba ya son acidic kasa. Lemun tsami ƙasa ba sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 5 ba. Tsakanin, don rage matakin acidity, kawo ash, alli, garin dolomite don haƙawa.
Yawan amfanin gona da aka ayyana a cikin kwatancen ana samun sa ne a cikin ƙasa mai nome tare da isasshen adadin humus. Kasancewar weeds na iya harzuƙa keel a cikin tsire-tsire.
Yadda za a shirya ƙasa don girma kabeji Nadezhda
Don samun cikakkun kawunan kabeji, kuna buƙatar potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen da abubuwan alamomin: jan ƙarfe, manganese, jan ƙarfe. Theasa ta ƙare a tsawon shekaru, ya zama dole a maido da haihuwarta bayan kowane lokacin shuka.
Nadezhda ya amsa da kyau ga kwayoyin halitta (taki, humus, takin) gauraye da peat. Duk wani takin gargajiya ana ba da shawarar ayi amfani da shi a lokacin bazara. Ma'adanai (phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen) suna da fa'ida daidai lokacin amfani da su a kaka da bazara.
Kada a ƙara nitrogen sama da ƙa'idar da aka ƙayyade a cikin umarnin don amfani. Yawan sa yana haifar da tarawar nitrates a cikin ganyayyaki.
Yadda ake shuka kabeji yadda yakamata a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa
Ana shuka tsirrai iri-iri na tsakiyar kabeji iri-iri bayan 15 ga Mayu. A wannan lokacin, tana da tsari mai kyau, tsarin tushen fibrous da ganye da yawa. Tsirrai sun kai wannan cigaban cikin makonni 2.
Don shuka, kuna buƙatar shirya ramuka ta hanyar sanya su a nesa na 0.6 m daga juna. Wasu lambu sun fi son shuka kabejin a cikin ramin da aka haƙa zuwa zurfin 25 cm.
Don zurfafa shuke-shuke zuwa ganyen cotyledonous. Shayar da ƙasa bayan dasa shuki da yalwa har sai ƙasa tayi kyau. An dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai danshi mai kyau, ƙwayoyin ba sa bushewa da girma da sauri.
Za a iya inuwar shuki na mako guda tare da bokiti, kwalaye, akwatunan kwali. A cikin inuwar, tana fama da ƙarancin kunar rana a jiki. Lokacin da kasar sama ta bushe, ka shayar da shukokin. Tsarin ban ruwa da aka ba da shawarar sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 3. Adadin ruwa 10 l / m².
Iri-iri kulawa bayan dasa
Bayan dasa shuki, saika dage kan mullein kuma ka shayar da kabejin da ke ciki bayan sati 3 (lita 1 a guga). Shayar da kabeji da yawa daga Yuli zuwa Agusta a kalla sau ɗaya a mako.
A lokacin kakar, ciyar da kabeji sau 3 tare da hadaddun takin mai magani.
Rage ƙasa mako-mako. Kafin ganye su rufe shuka, spud sau 2. Yi amfani da toka don rigakafin cutar da tushen ciyarwa. Kudin ash don ƙura 1 sq. m. ƙasa 250 g. Dakatar da ban ruwa makonni 2 kafin girbi.
Mafi kyawun takin zamani.
Lokaci | Taki | Yawan (g / m2) |
Kwanaki 10 sun wuce tun saukowa a cikin ƙasa | urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride | 10:20: 20 |
ana daure shugabannin kabeji | urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride | 10: 30: 15 |
Kwanaki 14 bayan na 2 | superphosphate, sinadarin potassium chloride | 25: 15 |
Cututtuka da rigakafin su
Areananan tsire-tsire na kabeji ba sa shan wahala daga kwari. Kyakkyawan raga da aka miƙa a kan dutsen zai taimaka kare ganyen kabeji daga kwari mai ɓarna. Yawancin lambu suna amfani da kwayoyi masu kwaro:
- Fitoverm.
- Walƙiya.
Tattara manzo da ruwa mai sanyi daga tsarin aikin famfo yana taimakawa. Za a iya wanke ganye da yamma tare da rafin ruwa, ƙasa a ƙarƙashin shugabannin kabeji za a iya kwance bayan "shawa".
Don hana cututtuka da kwari, ƙurar ƙasa da toka ko garin dolomite. Sakin hanyoyin Cire ganyen da suka lalace. Ja ciyawa a kai a kai.
Dokokin girbi da adanawa
Nadezhda, wanda ya tsira daga yanayin zirin-ƙasa da -6 ° C, ba shi da kyau kuma ya rasa kasuwarsa. Shortan gajeren digo na zafin jiki daga -2 ° C zuwa -3 ° C ya halatta.
Ya kamata a sauke kabeji da aka tanada don ajiyar hunturu a cikin cellar lokacin da sanyi ya fara shiga. Ana iya girbe girbi don ferment a cikin ɗakunan sanyi... Masanan narkar da abinci sun yi amannar cewa kawunan kabeji a shirye suke don yin picking idan sun yi sanyi a cikin ƙasa har zuwa -4 ° C.
Kada ku yi shakka kuma zaɓi Nadezhda kabeji iri-iri don shuka. Kulawa da ita cikin sauki za ta wadata iyalai da kawunan kabeji don kumburi da ajiyar hunturu.