Kabewa sananniyar al'ada ce wacce aka samu nasarar nome ta a duk duniya. Sabili da haka, samun takaddunku da sha'awar ƙirƙirar da hannuwanku, kuna buƙatar kula da namo da dokokin dasawa a cikin filin buɗewar wannan abincin da akafi so lokacin rani-kaka domin ya iya zama lafiyayye kuma tare da dandano mai ban sha'awa.
A cikin yankuna daban-daban, zaku iya shuka kankana kai tsaye tare da tsaba, ko dasa shi da farko akan ƙwayoyi. Dole ne a gudanar da namo da kulawa ba tare da yin la'akari da yanayin ƙasa ba; yana iya zama wajibi don samarwa da, ciyarwa ko ƙullawa ga wata hanya.
Shin yana yiwuwa a yi noman kankana a sarari a cikin ƙasar
Kabewa tsiron thermophilic ne wanda buƙatar haske mai yawa... Tana yin kyau a yanayi mai zafi har ma da fari. Matsakaicin adadin danshi na wannan amfanin gona shine 60-70%.
Al'adar tana da babban tsarin tushe wanda zai iya cire danshi zuwa zurfin mita ɗaya. Wannan tsire-tsire yana buƙatar sarari da yawa kyauta don ci gaba mai ƙarfi da haɓaka mai kyau.
Kodayake guna yana kudu, ana iya girma kusan ko'ina, babban abu shine sanin yadda ake yinshi. Yanzu an sami wadatattun nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka samo asali kuma suka bada fruita fruitansu a cikin yanayi mai ɗumi da sanyi.
Mafi mashahuri nau'in kankana don shuka a Tsakiyar Lane da Ukraine
Akwai nau'ikan kankana da yawa tare da halaye daban-daban don amfani da su a waje. Yana da mahimmanci, yayin zabar nau'ikan shuka don yin la'akari da abubuwan da suka shafi yanayin gida.
Dangane da sake dubawa na gogaggen lambu, mafi kyawun iri don shuka a gidan ƙasa a tsakiyar Rasha ko Ukraine, a cikin yanayin yanayi na yankin Moscow sune Altai da Kolkhoznitsa.
Altai
Balaga da wuri, yana baka damar girbi bayan kwana 70 bunƙasa al'adu daga lokacin samuwar tsirrai. Matsakaici mai girman sifa yana yin tsaka-tsaka matsakaiciya.
'Ya'yan itacen suna da launi na zinariya kuma suna da siffa mai-oval. Ikon cin nasara 1.5KG... M ɓangaren litattafan almara mai launi a cikin kalar ruwan lemu mai haske, wanda ke tattare da bacci, zaƙi da hatsi.
Daga kyawawan halaye: daidaitawa zuwa mummunan yanayin yanayi, kyakkyawar jigilar kayayyaki da kiyaye inganci.
Manomi gama gari
Kabewa na daga farkon maturing iri-iri. Za'a iya girbe amfanin gona na farko bayan kwana 75 bayan saukowa.
Shuke-shuke yana samar da ƙananan, lemu-rawaya, rounda roundan itace zagaye tare da kayan haɗin gwanon gwangwani. A matsakaici, nauyin fruita fruitan itace ɗaya yakai kilogiram 1.5. Babban ɓangaren litattafan almara da ƙwarin ɓawon burodi ya sauƙaƙe don jigilar amfanin gona, wanda za'a iya adana shi bayan girbi na mako ɗaya.
Shuka kayan lambu mai son zafi yana da wahala a yankunan da ke da mummunan yanayi, kamar Siberia.
A irin waɗannan yanayi, wasu nau'ikan ne kawai za su iya girma, waɗanda suka haɗa da Rannyaya 133 da Yantarnaya.
Farkon 133
Iri da farko cikakke, lokacin girbi - 60-70 kwanaki... 'Ya'yan itacen suna da siffa mai-launi kuma suna da fata mai launin rawaya. Yana da fari, tsayayye, mai taushi, ɗanɗano mai daɗin dandano mai ƙanshi da ƙamshi. Nauyin 'ya'yan itace daya kusan 1.5KG.
An yaba da kyawawan halaye na kasuwanci, kyakkyawar jigilar kayayyaki da babban rigakafi ga manyan cututtukan amfanin gona.
Amber
Iri-iri na farkon lokacin girki. Lokacin girma daga shukokin farko zuwa nunanniyar kankana 70-85 kwanaki... Tsirrai mai dauke da dogayen igiyoyin wuta. 'Ya'yan itace masu juzu'i masu ruwan' ya'yan itace tare da ruwan dumi, mara nauyi sosai da nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 2,5.
Waɗanne ire-iren sun dace da shuka a Bashkiria da Urals
Masu nunan kayan lambu na Urals da Bashkiria waɗanda ke son nunan kankana a makircinsu su zaɓi nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa ga yankin Ural. Mafi kyawun kayan shuka don guna shine Mafarkin Sybarite da Cinderella.
Mafarkin Sybarite
Wani nau'I na farko wanda ya isa balaga ta fasaha a 50-55 kwanaki... 'Ya'yan itacen suna da fasali mai tsaho na asali da kuma koren taguwar kore. Yawan 'ya'yan itace daya shine 400 g.
Icyanƙan ɗanɗano mai narkar da inuwa mai ƙanshi tare da takamammen ƙanshin zuma da ɗanɗano. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni ne ƙãra yawan aiki, m fruiting har sai sanyi, mai kyau cuta juriya.
Cinderella
Da iri-iri nasa ne da wuri ripening amfanin gona, tun da girma kakar ne 60 kwanaki, wanda aka samo 'ya'yan itãcen har zuwa nauyin kilogiram 1.5.
Guna suna da launin rawaya tare da samfurin raga mai tasowa. Pulan ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da fari a launi kuma yana da halin juiciness da zaƙi. Saboda wadataccen ƙanshin sa, ana yaba shi cikin kasuwancin girki.
Abubuwan fa'idodi sun haɗa da tsananin juriya ga matsanancin zafin jiki, cututtuka daban-daban da hare-haren kwari. Rashin dacewar shine gajeren ajiya da kuma jigilar kayayyaki daga ɓawon buhunan guna.
Dokokin shuka
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don dasa shuki:
- shuka iri;
- hanyar shuka;
- tare da taimakon itacen da aka dasa.
Hanyar mafi sauki wacce ake samu ga kowane mai lambu shine shuka iri a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Sauran zaɓuɓɓuka ana ɗaukar su da wahala kuma ba kowa bane zai iya yi.
Shiri don dasa shuki da tsaba
Don samun girbi mai inganci, shiri mai ƙwarewa na tsaba don shuka yana da mahimmanci. Kuna iya siyan kayan dasawa a shagunan musamman ko tattara kanku daga fruita fruitan itacen da kuka shuka a gonar ku kuma shuka shi a gida.
Lokacin tattara tsaba a gida, dole ne ku bi ƙa'idar asali: girbi manyan kankana mai zaki kawai.
Nuarin nuance ɗaya yana da mahimmanci: kawai a cikin shekara ta uku bayan tarin zaka iya amfani da tsaba azaman kayan shuka. Tun da sabbin samfurai suna haɓaka tsire-tsire tare da rashin lalatawar mata, sakamakon hakan ba su da ikon 'ya'yan itace.
Domin yabanya su zama abokantaka, kuma tsirrai su bunkasa karfi, bukatun kayan abu wani irin abincin tsami a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate na awa daya. Sannan a jika a digiri 20-25̊ a cikin wani yadi mai laushi na gauze, wanda aka nutsar a cikin akwati don ruwan ya dan rufe tsaba.
Kowace awa 4-6, tilas ne a nitsar da tsaba kuma a sake nutsar da shi cikin ruwa. Jimlar tsawon lokacin shan soya shine awanni 12. Daga nan sai a yayyafa tsaba a cikin siraran siriri a kan kyalle mai danshi sannan a ajiye har sai lokacin da harbin farko ya bayyana.
Zaɓin zaɓi da shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa shuki
Kabeji tsire ne mai son haske cewa yana son inuwa... Sabili da haka, don wannan al'adun, wuraren da rana ke haskakawa, gwargwadon yiwuwar kariya daga iska mai sanyi, sun dace.
Lokacin da ake shirin dasa kyakkyawar kankana a cikin lambun, kuna buƙatar la'akari da abin da amfanin gona ya girma a gonar a shekarar da ta gabata da tasirin maƙwabta na tsire-tsire daban-daban akan kankana. Kamar yadda magabata zasu iya kasancewa tafarnuwa, albasa, kabeji, wake, wake, hatsin hunturu.
Ana la'akari da maƙwabta masu kyau waɗanda zasu kori kwari, inganta dandano da haɓaka haɓaka turnip, Basil, radish.
Ba ya jituwa da dankali, wanda zai iya sa su soya da kokwamba, saboda tsire-tsire na iya zama turɓaya da juna kuma ya zama mai daɗin ɗanɗano.
Ba a ba da shawarar shuka a wuri ɗaya ba. fiye da shekaru biyu... Zai yiwu a mayar da shi zuwa ga haɓakar da ta gabata ba tare da yin hadaya ba har tsawon shekaru 5.
Guna yana da matukar buƙata a kan ƙasa, don haka haske, ƙasa matsakaiciyar ƙasa mai ƙamshi tare da tsaka-tsakin acid ya dace da ita.
Dole ne a shirya yankin noman tsire-tsire:
- kaka kaka tono shebur a kan bayoneti da kuma ƙara humus, a gaban ƙasa mai nauyi, cika shi da yashi kogi;
- tare da farkon bazara, yayyafa gado, ta amfani da peat ko toka don hanzarta narkewar dusar ƙanƙara, sa'annan a rufe shi da fim don tabbatar da iyakar ɗumamar ƙasa;
- lokacin da shimfidar ƙasa ta warms har zuwa zafin jiki na + 13 digiri, gudanar zurfin sassautawa tare da ƙari na ma'adinai da fosfat, suna lura da adadin takin da ake amfani da shi, waɗanda masana'antun ke nunawa akan fakitin;
- kafin fara aikin shuka, sake sake hako wurin, sake cika mai da takin mai dauke da shi nitrogen.
Yanayi don ingantaccen nome da kulawa
Ana ba da shawarar lambu su dasa kankana a cikin ƙasa kawai a yankunan kudanci. A cikin sararin samaniya a arewacin da kuma a tsakiyar layin, zai fi kyau a girma kawai ta hanyar amfani da tsire-tsire masu girma, saboda kankana na iya samun lokacin fitowa daga irin, amma ba zai bada fruita beforea ba kafin yanayin sanyi. Lokaci mai kyau don saukarwa - kwanakin ƙarshe na Afrilu.
Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da waɗannan hanyoyin, kulawa da son shuke-shuke da kyau:
- Yi ramuka, zurfin zurfin 5-6 cm Tsarin makirci - 1 m tsakanin layuka, nisan m 0.7 a jere.
- Ba kowane rami tare da humus kuma ba da ruwa da ruwan dumi.
- Sanya tsaba 3-4 a cikin kowane rami.
- Shayar da kayan shuka da aka dasa su kuma rufe da busasshiyar ƙasa.
Zai fi kyau aiwatar da tsarin shuka bayan ruwan sama a cikin ƙasa mai danshi, sa'annan ƙwayoyin zasu fara a baya. Idan ana tsammanin saurin sanyi, rufe gadaje da tsare kafin tsiro da dare.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna nunawa ƙarshen Yuli - farkon watan Agusta... Lokacin da ya nuna, kayan lambu sun sami launi na halayyar su, sifar ta bayyana sarai kuma halayyar kamshi mai dauke da kankana ta bayyana. Cikakken balaga ana alamta ta hanyar rarrabuwa mai sauƙi daga gwaiwa.
Dangane da kalandar wata mai lambu a shekara ta 2018, ana iya fara aikin dashen kankana a ranar 27 ga Maris, 28, daga Afrilu 20 zuwa Afrilu 24, kuma a watan Mayu kowace rana daga 19 zuwa 23.
Mabuɗin samun nasarar noman kankana da gourds shine yanayin dumi mai zafi, lokacin da ake gudanar da zaɓe da ci gaban 'ya'yan itacen mai zaƙi. Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi nau'ikan da suka dace kuma a bi dabarun aikin gona mai sauƙi, nutsewa da tsunkule tsire-tsire idan ya cancanta, sannan kuma a tabbatar da wadatar yawan amfanin kankana.