Strawberries babban Berry ne a cikin lambun. Abubuwan magani suna sanannun shekaru ɗari da yawa. Haka kuma, yana da dadi da dadi. Yara suna son shi kuma manya ba sa damuwa da gwada shi.
Amma har ma a cikin gadaje masu kyau, lambun strawberries ba su da kariya daga bayyanar cututtuka da kwari. Idan ba ku yaƙe su ba, ba za ku iya samun girbi mai kyau ba.
Cututtukan Strawberry da magani mai inganci a kaka da bazara
Kowa ya san cewa dole ne a fara yaki da cututtuka kafin alamun farko su bayyana. Ba za ku iya yin ba tare da matakan rigakafi ba. An ɗauki matakan da sauri, mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Fusarium da ƙarshen buguwa akan strawberries
Fusarium cuta take kaiwa zuwa wilting ganye. Alamarsa ta farko ita ce necrosis a gefunan farantin ganye, bayan haka ganye a hankali yana canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa kuma gabaɗaya yana dushewa. Kuna iya gane ƙarshen buguwa akan tsire-tsire ta waɗannan alamun:
- bushes sanarwa a baya a ci gaba;
- tsakiyar daji ya zama ja;
- ganye ya zama furfura;
- gefunan farantin ganye suna karkata zuwa sama, suna yin kwano;
- tushen tsarin ya mutu.
Don hana faruwar irin waɗannan cututtukan masu haɗari, yana da matukar mahimmanci a bi dabarun noman kuma a canza wurin da lambun yake a kowace shekara huɗu.
Gaskiyar ita ce, spores na pathogenic fungi suna tarawa a cikin ƙasa kuma a kan tushen strawberries. Kayan lafiya kawai aka zaba don shimfida sabon gado. Har ila yau, kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a bi da tushen tsarin shuke-shuke da kayan halittu. Hesananan daji da ke nuna alamun lalacewa sun fi kyau lalacewa kai tsaye.
Farin fure
Maganin fure yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, yana shafar dukkan sassan shuka. Zaka iya ƙayyade bayyanarsa akan strawberries ta waɗannan alamun:
- ana nade ganye a cikin jirgin ruwa;
- launin farantin ganye yana canzawa, ya zama ruwan hoda;
- farin fure faty ya bayyana akan saman ganye da 'ya'yan itace;
- berries zama karami da nakasa.
Bugu da kari, cutar ba ta ba da damar shuka ta yi kwalliya ba yadda ya kamata, wanda ke rage yawan amfanin gona. 'Ya'yan itacen da ke cikakke suna da ɗanɗano da ƙanshi mara daɗi, wanda ya fi kamshin ƙamshin rubabbewa.
Dole ne ku yaki cutar nan da nan. Ana yin feshin rigakafin sau da yawa a kakar. A karo na farko ana kula da shuka a farkon bazara, sannan a farkon budding da kuma bayan girbi.
Ana kula da gado tare da shirye-shirye tare da jan ƙarfe, ana ƙara musu maganin sabulu a matsayin abin ɗorawa. Don yin feshi, ana amfani da sulfate na jan ƙarfe, ruwan Bordeaux ko shirye-shiryen da ake dasu.
Ruwan toka
Gray mold wani cuta ne na fungal da ke saurin saurin lalata dukkan amfanin gona. Alamun cutar:
- launuka masu launin ruwan kasa mai haske a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa waɗanda ke girma cikin sauri;
- Fure mai laushi a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- ovaries da stalks sun bushe;
- an rufe ganye da launin ruwan kasa ko toka-toka.
Bugu da kari, a kan shukar da abin ya shafa, 'ya'yan itacen strawberry sun bushe da sauri kuma mummify, kuma cutar ta ci gaba sosai kan samari.
A matsayin yaƙi da ƙwayar launin toka, ana amfani da feshin rigakafi tare da cakuda Bordeaux sau biyu a kakar, kafin furanni da bayan girbi. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura da juyawar amfanin gona na amfanin gona, ciyawa ƙasa tare da sawdust coniferous, da kuma sako sako a kai a kai.
Ganyen ganye mai ruwan kasa
Wata cuta mai ɓarna ta lalata duk gonar strawberry cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci. Abu ne mai sauqi a bayyana shi:
- ƙananan ƙananan launin ruwan kasa sun bayyana a saman ganye, wanda da sauri ya zama babban wuri ɗaya;
- a hankali ganyen shukar da abin ya shafa sai ya zama rawaya ya mutu.
Yaki da cutar ya fara a farkon bazara, ana fesa shuke-shuke da shirye-shiryen jan ƙarfe. Bayan girbi, an sake maimaita aikin.
Farin tabo
Cutar naman gwari ta bayyana kanta a matsayin fararen fata masu haske a jikin ganyen shukar, gefen tabo mai launi ne mai duhu. Theigon ba ya haɗuwa wuri ɗaya, amma ganyen da abin ya shafa sannu a hankali yana mutuwa.
Ana yin yaƙi da wakilin cutar na kowace shekara, suna ɗaukar ba kawai spraying na rigakafi ba, amma har ila yau suna kula da gonar a kai a kai. Saka idanu yanayin kasar gona, sako sako.
Wararrun lambu suna ba da shawara don yanke dukkan ɓangaren iska na shuka bayan girbi, bar "zuciya" na daji kawai. Ana kona tsoffin ganyaye don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta. Soilasa da ke gadon gonar ta kwance kuma ana kula da ita don cututtuka. Bayan makonni biyu, an rufe dazuzzuka da ganyayyaki masu lafiya, wanda suke barinsa don hunturu. Gudanar da aikin ba daga watan Agusta ba.
Waɗanne kwari ne masu haɗari ga lambun strawberries kuma me ya sa?
Ba wai kawai cututtuka ba, har ma da kwari masu haɗari waɗanda ke cin 'ya'yan itace da ganyayen shuka suna rage girbin sosai. Bushes ya lura da baya a ci gaba, an jinkirta fure. Ana aiwatar da cutar ta kwari a duk lokacin girma.
Maganin rigakafin farko yana faruwa a farkon lokacin bazara, bayan haka ana yin ƙarin feshi uku ko huɗu.
Strawberry nematode
Neatode na strawberry yana saurin hayayyafa cikin sauri. Don hana wannan kwaro sauka a kan shafin, tabbas za a yi amfani da ƙwayoyi masu lafiya kawai. Nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ana shirya shawa mai banbanci don shukar, wanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin nematode.
Ana tsoma dazuzzuka a cikin kwano na ruwan zafi, wanda zafin nasa yakai digiri 45, sai a ajiye shi na mintina goma. Bayan haka, ana sanyaya tsire-tsire nan da nan cikin ruwan kankara. Kawai sai suka fara shuka shuke-shuke. An riga an cika ramin dasa da lemun tsami.
Idan kwaro ya riga ya zauna a wurin, to sai a haƙa dajin da abin ya shafa kuma a ƙone shi. Abu ne mai sauki a gano bushes na cuta.
- ƙananan bishiyoyi sun lalace, sun zama masu rauni;
- harbe da internodes thicken;
- flowering kusan ba ya nan;
- 'ya'yan itacen ƙananan ne da munana.
Bugu da kari, tun da aka haƙa daji, za a iya ganin ƙananan tsutsotsi a cikin asalinsu, tsayinsa bai wuce 1 mm ba. Wannan kwaro ne.
Miyar Strawberry da maganin shrub
Mite na strawberry yana cutar ganyen shukar, kuma yana fara cutar ta tun farkon bazara, yana shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga samarin sprouts na strawberries.
Mata na kwaro mai kwantar da hankali a cikin ƙasa, a cikin bazara sukan zo saman kuma su zauna a gindin daji. Signy toyin lalacewar strawberries:
- ƙananan ganye na tsire sun lalace, sun zama terry a gefuna;
- sannu a hankali ganye farantin ganye;
- an dasa shukar da fure mai mai;
- berries zama karami, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa.
An tono daji da ƙarancin gaske ya shafa kuma an ƙone shi. A farkon alamun bayyanar kwaro, ana amfani da shirye-shirye tare da abun ciki na sulfur. A matsayin ma'auni na kariya, zaka iya fesa strawberries tare da jiko na dandelion da saman tumatir.
An shirya jiko na Dandelion daga kayan ɗanyen sabo. Ana nika ganyen a zuba da ruwan zafi, wanda yawan zafin nasa bai wuce 50C ba. Ana cakuda hadin na tsawon awanni 4, sannan a tace kuma ayi amfani dashi kamar yadda aka umarce shi. Guga mai lita 10 tana amfani da kusan kilogram 1 na ganye.
Tumatir fi jiko an shirya daga busassun harbe, wanda aka girbe a cikin fall. Ana zuba saman kilogram guda ɗaya tare da ruwan zafi (lita 10) kuma a ba da shi na tsawon awanni 4. Bayan wannan, ana tafasa maganin na tsawan awa biyu, a sanyaya sannan a tace. Maganin aiki yana narkewa 1: 2 kuma an ƙara sabulun wanki na grated.
Yaya za a bi da Berry daga miyar gizo-gizo?
Sau da yawa a cikin lambun, suna lura da cewa ganyen lambun strawberry suna haɗe a cikin yanar gizo na bakin ciki, suna rage saurin girma kuma a hankali suna bushewa. Ana amfani dashi ta hanyar gizo-gizo. Kwaro yana tsotse ruwan ruwan tsire-tsire, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya saukad da.
A farkon alamun lalacewa, ana fesa gadon lambun nan da nan tare da jiko na abinci mai ɗaci da taba. An shirya shi kamar yadda dandelion jiko. Idan lokacin ya ɓace, to ana iya maganin gadon tare da karbofos ko Fitoverm.
Gudanar da Aphid akan strawberries
Kwaro yana bayyane ga ido mara kyau. Ganyen tsire-tsire, a hankali ya bushe, an jinkirta fure, 'ya'yan itacen sun zama mara kyau.
Daga cikin hanyoyin jama'a don yaki da aphids, ana amfani da jigon tafarnuwa. An kori kawunan kuma an murƙushe su. Zuba tafarnuwa da ruwan kankara (lita 3) sannan a zuba hadin na sati daya. Sannan an warware matsalar kuma ana amfani da ita don amfanin ta.
Wasps
Wasps kuma suna cutar da tsire-tsire ta cin 'ya'yan itace mai ɗanɗano. Don kawar da su, ana sanya baits na zaki na musamman akan yankin.
Tsuntsaye
Wasu tsuntsayen suna son yin kwalliya a kan strawberries. Sanya abun tsoro ko kwalabe na filastik akan turaku a cikin lambun. Wannan zai tsoratar da maƙwabta masu ɓacin rai.
Ka tuna, idan lokaci ya ɓace, to yana da matukar wuya a kayar da cutar da kwari, magani a mafi yawan lokuta na iya zama mara tasiri. Duba gadaje a cikin wani dace hanya, cire weeds, gudanar da wani m jiyya na strawberry bushes a cikin fall, cire shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa ba tare da nadama.