Indiyawan sun ba duniya albarkatun kayan lambu da yawa: masara, tumatir da dankali. Daga cikinsu akwai dangin Urushalima artichoke. A cikin karni na 17, wannan tushen amfanin gona ya ceci mazaunan Kanada daga yunwa. Kuma bayan ɗaruruwan shekaru, ya zama sananne cewa pear ƙasa tana iya hana kansar, bugun zuciya da shanyewar barin jiki. Aara kayan lambu mai yiwuwa ne a cikin filin buɗewa da cikin dachas na yankin Moscow da Tsakiyar Tsakiya. Babban abu shine a kula da dacewar shuka kuma a shirya ƙasa kafin a dasa ta.
Bayani da halaye na Urushalima artichoke
Urushalima artichoke - na shekara-shekara tsire-tsire, tare da tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi da madaidaiciyar tushe har zuwa 4 m tsayi. Ganyayyaki suna da girma, 20-25 cm tsayi. Furen ƙananan ne, har zuwa 10 cm a diamita, rawaya ko zinariya. Tsarin ƙasa yana yin tsari tubers (fari, ja, purple), dandano kamar jujjuya, tare da fararen nama.
Su mai matukar gina jiki kuma dauke da:
- fructose
- abubuwa masu alama (silicon, manganese, chromium)
- macronutrients (potassium, sulfur, phosphorus)
- furotin
- bitamin (B, C, carotene)
- amino acid (methionine, threonine, lysine)
Pear na ƙasa yana ba da amfanin ƙasa mai yawa, fari da tsire-tsire mai sanyi. Jigin kayan lambu na jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -12 digiri. Tubers na iya daskarewa har tsawon wata guda a cikin ƙasa a -10 digiri, narkewa da tashi a cikin bazara.
Artichoke na Urushalima yana kawo girbi mai yawa ba tare da la'akari da yanayin ba. Ana la'akari da amfanin gona mai aminci.
Asali da rarraba shuka
Jerin zane-zane na Urushalima ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka ne. Ya samo sunan daga kabilar Indiyawan Topinambo. Sun girma kuma sun ci amfanin gona tun kafin zuwan Turawa.
Al'adun kayan lambu sun zo Turai daga Kanada a cikin karni na 17. Tsirrai marasa fa'ida sun dawwama kan sabuwar nahiyar. A al'adance ana amfani da zane-zane na Urushalima a cikin abincin Ingila, Holland da Faransa. A Jamus ana yi masa laƙabi pear yumbu da dankalin turawa (Ana yin vodka a kan asalinsa a nan).
A cikin Rasha, al'adun kayan lambu sun zama sananne a tsakiyar karni na 17. An yi amfani da giya mai tushe don magance cututtukan zuciya da magudanan jini. Sannan an yi la'akari da rashin kyau, masu arziki ne kawai suka ci shi.
Bayan shekara ɗari, pear ɗin ƙasa ya bazu ko'ina. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari stew, tafasa da soyayyen, bai kamata a cinye shi danye ba. Gasashe Urushalima artichoke yana ɗanɗana kamar zaki da soyayyen dankali.
Aikace-aikace a magani
Urushalima artichoke ya ƙunshi inulin... Sau ɗaya a cikin jikin mutum, wannan polysaccharide yana tsarkake jini daga ƙwayar cholesterol da kayayyakin lalata.
Bugu da kari, Urushalima artichoke:
- Yana magance cututtukan ciki: Ciwan ciki da sanyin jiki. Yana kawar da dysbiosis, yana magance maƙarƙashiya da maƙarƙashiya.
- Yana cire slags da gishirin ƙarfe masu nauyi daga jiki.
- Yana da tasirin maganin diuretic. Amfani ga mutanen da ke da duwatsun koda.
- Rage matsa lamba... Nagari don hauhawar jini
- Yana rage matakan suga a cikin jini godiya ga inulin (taimako tare da ciwon sukari).
- Yana karfafa zuciya kuma yana hana sanya gishiri a jiki (mai amfani ga osteochondrosis, arthrosis, gout).
Da 'yancin zabi na ƙasa shuka Urushalima artichoke
Girman pear ƙasa a kan kowane ƙasa, sai dai don tsananin ƙwarin guba da ruwa... An bayar da harbe-harbe mai yawa don:
- sako-sako da ƙasa baƙi
- haske loam
- ƙasa mai malala
Shuka tana karbar humus da takin mai ma'adinai.
Tushen amfanin gona yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa (ƙwaro dankalin turawa na Colorado, nematode da ƙarshen buguwa) kuma baya buƙatar maganin ƙwari
Girma da kulawa a filin buhu a cikin ƙasa ko cikin lambun
Ana buƙatar dasa tubers a cikin ƙasa a farkon watan Mayuidan iska tayi dumi har zuwa digiri 18... A lokacin bazara, an shirya rukunin yanar gizon:
- an haƙa zuwa zurfin dasa shuki na nan gaba (15 cm)
- cire datti daga ƙasa
- kara taki a kasa
An zaɓi manyan tubers don shuka da haifuwa. Cututtukan ciwon kai an yanke su da gawayi. Gwargwadon ƙarin tubers masu lafiya, haka girbi zai yawaita.
An kwance ƙasa kuma an daidaita ta kafin dasa shuki, ana rarraba zuwa layuka ta 70 cm... Dole ne a dasa tudu daga nesa 40-50 cm baya... Wannan yana da mahimmanci saboda lokacin bazara tsirrai za su kai tsayin mita biyu. Jerin zane-zane na Urushalima yana da yawa, an haɗa shi da dasa shuki. Wannan na iya rikitar da kulawa da amfanin gona da gaske.
Kafin fitowan da bayan ƙasa sassauta da fartanya... Daga shuka zuwa girbi, tushen amfanin gona yana buƙata cikin wadataccen ruwa... Yana da mahimmanci kada a ambaliyar shuka. Yawan danshi yana da haɗari ta ruɓewa da bayyanar slugs. Kuma rashin fa'ida shine jinkirin haɓaka da ƙananan fruitsa fruitsan itace. Urushalima artichoke sau ɗaya a wata ciyarwa takin mai danko da nitrogen.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura da ci gaban tsire-tsire. Idan sun girma cikin kasala, sun rasa ganyayyaki kuma sun rufe da furanni, to wannan alama ce ta cuta ko kwari. An cire shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa kuma a kone su
Lokacin da seedlings tashi zuwa 30 cm daga gare su spud... Har yanzu, tsire-tsire suna spud a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Lokacin da tushe na pear ƙasa ya kai mita a tsayi, ana ɗaura shi da ƙarfi masu ƙarfi. Misali, don waya tallafi don shrubs.
Da zaran bishiyoyin sun girma, suna da kyau yanke zuwa tsawo na 1.5 m, ana cire furanni ma. Wannan yana motsa tushen ci gaba da samuwar tuber.
Yaushe girbi tubers
Tubers din zasuyi bayan kwanaki 120 daga lokacin fitowan. Wata daya kafin girbi, an dakatar da ciyarwa, kuma bayan makonni biyu an yanke mai tushe zuwa 30 cm tsayi. Wannan zai taimaka wa 'ya'yan itacen su samar da fata mai matse jiki kuma su kara masa tsawon rayuwa.
Idan ka bar tubers a cikin ƙasa, to, su ne zai wanzu har zuwa bazara... Don kariya daga sanyi, ana yayyafa gadaje da ƙasa hade da humus kuma an rufe shi da ciyawa. An yanke mai tushe Canjin yanayin ba zai shafi 'ya'yan itacen pear na ƙasa ba ta kowace hanya. Za su sake narkewa da daskarewa. Amma koren tsire-tsire zasu mutu idan an barshi.
A cikin bazara, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin gadaje suna ƙaddara ta yanke mai tushe. Suna girma da sauri kuma idan baku kula da ci gaban su ba, to pear ƙasa zai iya kawar da wasu tsire-tsire daga gadaje.
Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi shine Oktoba ko Nuwamba. Daga baya, za a sami fitowar abubuwan gina jiki daga tubers zuwa tushe da ganye.
Idan an shirya shuka wasu albarkatu akan shafin, to ana shuka ƙasa da tsire-tsire masu silage don farawa. Sannan ana tattara su don ciyawar kore, kuma an tono ƙasa sosai kuma ana amfani da maganin ciyawa don halakar da ƙyallen Urushalima.
Ma'ajin girbi
A cikin ƙasa
Anan ne ake ajiye 'ya'yan itacen mafi tsayi... Don yin wannan, an shimfiɗa su a cikin yadudduka a cikin ƙaramin rami kuma an rufe su da peat ko yashi a saman. Wurin adana ya bushe kuma ya daukaka. An haka rami mai zurfin 30 cm a kusa da ramin don zubar ruwa.
A cikin ginshiki
Ana adana tubers da aka girbe a wuri mai duhu da sanyi. Ginshiki ko cellar tare da zazzabi ya dace daga +1 zuwa + 4 digiri da danshi har zuwa 90%... Tushen kayan lambu ana ajiye su a cikin kwalaye na katako. An rufe su da yashi kuma an rufe su da plywood.
A cikin ɗakin
Login gilashi ko baranda ya dace don adanawa. Idan asalin sun daskare, ba zasu rasa kayan abincin su ba. Ana ajiye su a cikin kwalaye ko jaka cike da yashi na tsawon watanni biyu.
Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa artichoke na Urushalima ba zai iya tsayawa kai tsaye hasken rana da zafi ba.
Injin daskarewa
An wanke amfanin gona sosai kuma sun bushe. Don adanawa, yi amfani da jaka ko kwantena da aka rufe. Ana narke 'ya'yan itacen ta sanya su cikin ruwan sanyi. Fresh Urushalima artichoke an adana shi a cikin ɓangaren kayan lambu har zuwa makonni 3, a cikin injin daskarewa - har zuwa watanni 3.
Kuskure ne a yi imani cewa tun da pear na ƙasa shukar ne mai ban sha'awa, ba za a buƙaci kulawa da shi ba. Shuka kayan lambu da kuma samun amfani mai yawa yana buƙatar tsabar hankali da ɗan aiki. Wadannan ayyuka ne masu sauki da dadi. Za su fi biyan kuɗi tare da kaddarorin fa'idar pear na ƙasa. Bayan haka, lafiya ita ce babbar arzikin da dole ne a kiyaye ta.